MyMedR

Understanding Stress-Strain Behavioral Change in Fabrics for Compression Bandaging

Ruznan WS, Laing RM, Lowe BJ, Wilson CA, Jowett TJ

Int J Low Extrem Wounds, 2021 Sep;20(3):244-250.

PMID: 32248708 DOI: 10.1177/1534734620912093

Bandages are common in many health-related treatments, including management of edema of the lower limb where they may remain in place for several days. The behavior of 2 bandage fabrics was investigated after exposure for up to 5 days to a multiaxial extension laboratory setup on a tensile tester in compression mode. The fabrics were extended 20% and remained under that machine setting. Stress-relaxation over time was determined by analyzing the rate of change over 24 hours and over 5 days. Most change, a rapid drop in force, occurred during the first 15 minutes; thereafter, for the next 12-hour period, a slower rate of decrease was observed. Both fabrics continued to relax gradually during the next 12 hours and continued to do so for up to 5 days. Little further change was evident during the last 12 hours or so. This phenomenon suggests that rewrapping may be appropriate (albeit not practical) after 12 hours of compression therapy to optimize the compression given to the lower leg. Relaxation behavior of these 2 fabrics can be explained using the generalized Maxwell-Wiechert model.

Matched MeSH terms: Leg*

Information-based analysis of the relation between human muscle reaction and walking path

Kamal SM, Dawi NBM, Sim S, Tee R, Nathan V, Aghasian E, et al.

Technol Health Care, 2020;28(6):675-684.

PMID: 32200366 DOI: 10.3233/THC-192034

BACKGROUND: Walking is one of the important actions of the human body. For this purpose, the human brain communicates with leg muscles through the nervous system. Based on the walking path, leg muscles act differently. Therefore, there should be a relation between the activity of leg muscles and the path of movement.

OBJECTIVE: In order to address this issue, we analyzed how leg muscle activity is related to the variations of the path of movement.

METHOD: Since the electromyography (EMG) signal is a feature of muscle activity and the movement path has complex structures, we used entropy analysis in order to link their structures. The Shannon entropy of EMG signal and walking path are computed to relate their information content.

RESULTS: Based on the obtained results, walking on a path with greater information content causes greater information content in the EMG signal which is supported by statistical analysis results. This allowed us to analyze the relation between muscle activity and walking path.

CONCLUSION: The method of analysis employed in this research can be applied to investigate the relation between brain or heart reactions and walking path.

Matched MeSH terms: Electromyography; Leg*; Muscle, Skeletal

Leg length inequality in clubfoot -lengthening in the affected leg after treatment

Singh, H.

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2000;12(1):72-73.

MyJurnal

Clubfoot is associated with leg length inequality, with the affected leg being shorter as a consequence of the hypoplasia. Early treatment of a minimally hypoplastic clubfoot usually allows catchup growth and both legs equalise in length after a few years. Late treatment however is associated with a shortening of the affected foot. A case is described where late treatment of a severe clubfoot is assocated with lengthening of the affected leg.

Matched MeSH terms: Leg; Leg Length Inequality

An additional muscle in the back of the leg

Rao KG, Bhat MS

Clin Anat, 2006 Nov;19(8):724-5.

PMID: 16944500

Matched MeSH terms: Leg*; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal/abnormalities*

Fulltext Crash simulation of lower limb with motorcycle basket

How CK, Megat Ahmad MMH, Radin Umar RS, Hamouda AMS, Harwant S

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Mar;56(1):77-81.

PMID: 11503301

Lower limb injuries are the main cause of temporary and permanent disability among motorcyclists in Malaysia. They cause non-fatal but serious injuries requiring hospitalisation. Detailed studies on factors influencing lower limb injuries are justified in an attempt to reduce the occurrence of these injuries. This study presents a computer simulation of the crash behaviour of the basket of a small-engined motorcycle with the lower limb using finite element (FE) methods. The results suggest that the extensive deformation of the motorcycle basket may reduce the risk of injury to the lower limb. The behaviour of the basket during collision is analogous to the crumple zone of automobiles.

Matched MeSH terms: Leg Injuries/etiology*

Lichen amyloidosis

Dutt AK

Med J Malaya, 1969 Dec;24(2):164-5.

PMID: 4244146

Matched MeSH terms: Leg Dermatoses*

Fulltext Reliability and accuracy of the tape measurement method with a nearest reading of 5 mm in the assessment of leg length discrepancy

Jamaluddin S, Sulaiman AR, Imran MK, Juhara H, Ezane MA, Nordin S

Singapore Med J, 2011 Sep;52(9):681-4.

PMID: 21947147

The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and accuracy of the tape measurement method (TMM) with a nearest reading of 5 mm in assessing leg length discrepancy (LLD).

Matched MeSH terms: Leg/anatomy & histology*; Leg/radiography*; Leg Length Inequality/diagnosis; Leg Length Inequality/radiography*

Massive Traumatic Skin Defect Successfully Treated with Autologous, Bilayered, Tissue-Engineered MyDerm Skin Substitute: A Case Report

Mohamed Haflah NH, Ng MH, Mohd Yunus MH, Naicker AS, Htwe O, Abdul Razak KA, et al.

JBJS Case Connect, 2018 6 15;8(2):e38.

PMID: 29901479 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.CC.17.00250

CASE: A 22-year-old man sustained a laceration that measured 180 cm, after debridement, over the anterolateral aspect of the right leg following a road traffic accident. The wound was treated with MyDerm (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), a cell-based, bilayered, bioengineered dermal substitute that contains no animal-derived components and is fully autologous. For its construction, only a small area of skin was harvested from the left groin, which was closed primarily with absorbable sutures.

CONCLUSION: MyDerm is an alternative option for the treatment of a massive skin defect in patients who desire removal of only a negligible amount of skin from the donor site and when use of an autograft is insufficient.

Matched MeSH terms: Leg/pathology; Leg/surgery; Leg Injuries/surgery*

Fulltext The orthotic management of the congenitally short lower limb--a new appliance

Devnani AS

Singapore Med J, 2000 Nov;41(11):534-7.

PMID: 11284611

To describe an appliance used for equalisation of severe congenital lower limb length discrepancy for patients who refuse to undergo any operative correction but wish to walk and look better.

Matched MeSH terms: Leg Length Inequality/congenital*; Leg Length Inequality/physiopathology; Leg Length Inequality/psychology; Leg Length Inequality/rehabilitation*

Fulltext Fillet flap: a successful procedure to preserve the optimum length of below-the knee-amputation stump in congenital constriction band of the leg

Sulaiman AR, Sallehudin AY, Shahidan Y, Iskandar MA, Halim AS

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl C:119-21.

PMID: 16381298

The use of 'spare part' tissue from an amputated segment to cover a stump with soft tissue deficiency is a viable option for augmenting the shape of the stump and preserving functional length of the stump without additional donor morbidity. The procedure requires no microsurgical skill if the tissues are used as pedicle fillet flaps transfer. This concept of fillet flap makes the amputation distal to an unfavourable definitive amputation site such as in congenital constriction band possible. We report herein a case of amputation distal to constriction ring to illustrate the application of fillet flap in reconstruction surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Leg/abnormalities*; Leg/surgery*

Fulltext Vulnerability of the lower limb in non-fatal motorcycle injuries

Pang TY, Radin Umar RS, Harwant S

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56 Suppl D:9-11.

PMID: 14569759 MyJurnal

Motorcyclists form the highest group of fatalities on Malaysian roads. This is a prospective study conducted at 3 major hospitals for a period of 12 months to determine the type of motorcyclist injuries that usually required hospitalization. Four hundred and twelve consecutively injured motorcyclists were available for study. One hundred and eighty six (45.15%) were fatally injured and 226 (54.85%) were seriously injured and surviving. The main cause of fatalities was head injury, while lower limb injuries accounted for majority of hospitalizations. This study highlights the vulnerability of the motorcyclist to lower limb injuries.

Matched MeSH terms: Leg Injuries/etiology; Leg Injuries/epidemiology*

Fulltext Predictor index of functional limb length discrepancy

Singh VA, Ramalingam S, Haseeb A, Yasin NFB

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2020 7 23;28(2):2309499020941659.

PMID: 32696708 DOI: 10.1177/2309499020941659

INTRODUCTION: Limb length discrepancy (LLD) of lower extremities is underdiagnosed due to compensatory mechanisms during locomotion. The natural course of compensation leads to biomechanical alteration in human musculoskeletal system leading to adverse effects. General consensus accepts LLD more than 2 cm as significant to cause biomechanical alteration. No studies were conducted correlating height and lower extremities true length (TL) to signify LLD. Examining significant LLD in relation to height and TL using dynamic gait analysis with primary focus on kinematics and secondary focus on kinetics would provide an objective evaluation method.

METHODOLOGY: Forty participants with no evidence of LLD were recruited. Height and TL were measured. Reflective markers were attached at specific points in lower extremity and subjects walked in gait lab at a self-selected normal walking pace with artificial LLDs of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 cm simulated using shoe raise. Accommodation period of 30 min was given. Infrared cameras were used to capture the motion. Primary kinematic (knee flexion and pelvic obliquity (PO)) and secondary kinetic (ground reaction force (GRF)) were measured at right heel strike and left heel strike. Functional adaptation was analyzed and the postulated predictor indices (PIs) were used as a screening tool using height, LLD, and TL to notify significance.

RESULTS: There was a significant knee flexion component seen in height category of less than 170 cm. There was significant difference between LLD 3 cm and 4 cm. No significant changes were seen in PO and GRF. PIs of LLD/height and LLD/TL were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curve. LLD/height as a PI with value of 1.75 was determined with specificity of 80% and sensitivity of 76%.

CONCLUSION: A height of less than 170 cm has significant changes in relation to LLD. PI using LLD/height appears to be a promising tool to identify patients at risk.

Matched MeSH terms: Leg Length Inequality/diagnosis*; Leg Length Inequality/physiopathology

Cutaneous Larva Migrans Associated With Löffler's Syndrome in a 6-Year-Old Boy

Wang S, Xu W, Li LF

Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2017 Sep;36(9):912-914.

PMID: 28338526 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001593

Cutaneous larva migrans is a frequent dermatologic problem among travelers in tropical areas, but its association with Löffler's syndrome is an extremely rare condition, particularly in children. Here, we describe a 6-year-old boy presenting cutaneous larva migrans associated with Löffler's syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Leg/parasitology; Leg/pathology

Kinetic asymmetries during running in male youth

Rumpf MC, Cronin JB, Mohamad IN, Mohamad S, Oliver JL, Hughes MG

Phys Ther Sport, 2014 Feb;15(1):53-7.

PMID: 23850007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.03.001

A possible injury risk factor is limb asymmetry, which may differ across maturation given the adult growth spurt. The aim of this study is to quantify the magnitude of asymmetry in a number of kinetic variables during a running task in male youth of different maturity status.

Matched MeSH terms: Leg/physiology*

Effect of pubertal developmental stages and lower limb kinetics during vertical jump task in Sepak Takraw sport

Leonard Joseph H, Roslizawati N, Safrusahar MY, Efri NM, Das S, Baharudin O, et al.

Clin Ter, 2009;160(5):403-7.

PMID: 19997687

Sepak Takraw is a sport which actively involves the lower limb. A cross sectional study was performed to investigate the lower limb kinetics (ground reaction force, flight time and contact time) involved during the vertical jumping and landing task between the early pubertal and late pubertal stages in National level Sepak Takraw athletes in Malaysia. Twenty athletes (8 pre pubertal and 12 late pubertal) with no previous history of any physical injuries were taken for the study. The kinetics data of the vertical jump task was calculated using a force platform 3-AMTI Biomechanics Force Platform. The Silicon ProCoach (Chart 5 software) was used to collect the ground reaction force signals, flight time and contact time. The results showed a non-significant decrease in peak ground reaction force in the post pubertal group as compared to the pre pubertal group (t(18)=0.659, p=0.518,CI(95)(-2.54, 4.86). Comparison of flight time between the two age groups showed a significant increase in the post pubertal group with mean and SD (0.7773 + or - 0.03) as compared to the pre pubertal group mean and SD (0.7296 + or - 0.05), which was statistically considered significant (p<0.05) (t(18)=-2.401, p<0.05,CI(95)(-0.089, -0.005). The findings from this study demonstrated that the flight time of the vertical jump task differed between the pre and post pubertal athletes with the post pubertal group having an improved ability in maintaining longer duration of flight phase.

Matched MeSH terms: Leg/physiology*

Fulltext Total knee replacement subsequent to severe necrotising fasciitis of the lower limb

Ling HT, Kwan MK, Saw A, Choon DS

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Aug;61(3):380-2.

PMID: 17240598 MyJurnal

The incidence of wound related complication following total knee arthroplasty is as high as 10%-20%. To perform total knee arthroplasty in a knee with extensive scarring around the knee can be a challenging task. We report a case of 55-year-old diabetic woman, who had total knee arthroplasty, performed two years after she had recovered from necrotizing fasciitis around the right knee. Understanding the vascular anatomy around the knee is of paramount importance in the planning of skin incision to ensure fewer wound related complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Female; Leg*; Middle Aged

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome and Down's syndrome

Ram SP

J R Soc Med, 1997 Mar;90(3):159-60.

PMID: 9135617

Matched MeSH terms: Leg/pathology*

Prenatal diagnosis of an extensive haemangioma of the fetal leg: a case report

Raman S, Ramanujam T, Lim CT

J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 1996 Aug;22(4):375-8.

PMID: 8870422

Extensive haemangioma with platelet consumption (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome) is rare. The lesion is usually a single cutaneous cavernous haemangioma similar to that found in our patient. Multiple superficial strawberry naevi were also seen all over the rest of the body. This condition was diagnosed antenatally in this patient with the use of colour Doppler. There is one recent report where the thrombocytopaenia was diagnosed by cordocentesis. Unfortunately the baby developed heart failure with intractable coagulopathy and died 2 days later.

Matched MeSH terms: Female; Leg*; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color

Two diseases in the same patient

CHIA M

Med J Malaya, 1957 Mar;11(3):247-9.

PMID: 13477003

Matched MeSH terms: Leg*

Maggot debridement therapy to treat hard-to-heal diabetic foot ulcers: a single-centre study

Nair HK, Ahmad NW, Ismail AA, Alabed AAA, Zheming BO, Kaur G, et al.

J Wound Care, 2021 12 01;30(Sup12):S30-S36.

PMID: 34882006 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2021.30.Sup12.S30

OBJECTIVE: Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) has seen a resurgence in recent years in the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds, as a result of rising antibiotic resistance. The sterilised larvae of Lucilia cuprina have been used in MDT in Malaysia since 2003, with encouraging results for the treatment of hard-to-heal diabetic wounds. We report a case series of 30 patients selected from our clinic by convenient sampling with diabetic lower limb ulcers treated with MDT. The average age of patients receiving MDT was >50 years. Of the 30 patients in the study, nine were female and 21 were male. All patients had underlying diabetes, two patients had leg ulcers and 28 patients had diabetic foot ulcers. Sterilised Lucilia cuprina larvae were applied via a standard method of 10 maggots per square centimetre and dressed with sterile gauze. The study endpoint was defined as ≤5% coverage with slough or necrotic tissue following three successive applications of MDT. In this study, maximum debridement of wounds was achieved in 96.6% (29 patients) of our patients, with ≤5% coverage with slough or necrotic tissue, in addition to a reduction in wound-related pain, as assessed by a visual analogue scale. No adverse events were reported. The findings of this study support the use of MDT as a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective method of managing diabetic wounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Leg Ulcer*

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