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Keratitis nummularis (Dimmer) among rice-cultivators in North Malaya

Lam WP

Med J Malaya, 1968 Jun;23(4):313-22.
PMID: 4235596
Matched MeSH terms: Keratoconjunctivitis/microbiology; Keratoconjunctivitis/epidemiology*
Mycotic Keratitis

Ong B, Rose L

Med J Malaya, 1965 Sep;20(1):84-5.
PMID: 4221439
Matched MeSH terms: Keratoconjunctivitis/diagnosis*
Clinical and viral studies of cases of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in Singapore

SINGH K, YIN-COGGRAVE M

Med J Malaya, 1962 Sep;17:12-7.
PMID: 13977654
Matched MeSH terms: Keratoconjunctivitis*
Epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis in Malaya

SINGH K

Med J Malaya, 1962 Sep;17:4-11.
PMID: 13977655
Matched MeSH terms: Keratoconjunctivitis*
Cross-sectional study of the clinical and microbiological status of eyes of sheep during an infectious keratoconjunctivitis outbreak

Fatimah CT, Mutalib AR, Majid MS

Trop Anim Health Prod, 1994 Nov;26(4):247-50.
PMID: 7900224
Matched MeSH terms: Keratoconjunctivitis/epidemiology; Keratoconjunctivitis/veterinary*
Human adenovirus type 8: the major agent of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)

Adhikary AK, Banik U

J Clin Virol, 2014 Dec;61(4):477-86.
PMID: 25464969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.10.015

Human adenovirus type 8 (HAdV-8) is the most common causative agent of a highly contagious eye disease known as epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). HAdV-8 strains have been classified into genome types HAdV-8A to 8K and HAdV/D1 to D12 according to restriction endonuclease analysis. This review focuses on the significance of HAdV-8 as an agent of EKC. Molecular analysis of HAdV-8 genome types HAdV-53 and HAdV-54 was performed to reveal potential genetic variation in the hexon and fiber, which might affect the antigenicity and tropism of the virus, respectively. On the basis of the published data, three patterns of HAdV-8 genome type distribution were observed worldwide: (1) genome types restricted to a microenvironment, (2) genome types distributed within a country, and (3) globally dispersed genome types. Simplot and zPicture showed that the HAdV-8 genome types were nearly identical to each other. HAdV-54 is very close to the HAdV-8P, B and E genomes, except in the hexon. In a restriction map, HAdV-8P, B, and E share a very high percentage of restriction sites with each other. Hypervariable regions (HVRs) of the hexon were conserved and were 100% identical among the genome types. The fiber knob of HAdV-8P, A, E, J and HAdV-53 were 100% identical. In phylogeny, HVRs of the hexon and fiber knob of the HAdV-8 genome types segregated into monophyletic clusters. Neutralizing antibodies against one genome type will provide protection against other genome types, and the selection of future vaccine strains would be simple due to the stable HVRs. Molecular analysis of whole genomes, particularly of the capsid proteins of the remaining genome types, would be useful to substantiate our observations.

Matched MeSH terms: Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious/epidemiology*; Keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious/virology*
A New Perspective on Dry Eye Classification: Proposal by the Asia Dry Eye Society

Tsubota K, Yokoi N, Watanabe H, Dogru M, Kojima T, Yamada M, et al.

Eye Contact Lens, 2020 Jan;46 Suppl 1:S2-S13.
PMID: 31425351 DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000643

The 2017 consensus report of the Asia Dry Eye Society (ADES) on the definition and diagnosis of dry eyes described dry eye disease as "Dry eye is a multifactorial disease characterized by unstable tear film causing a variety of symptoms and/or visual impairment, potentially accompanied by ocular surface damage." The report emphasized the instability of tear film and the importance of visual dysfunction in association with dry eyes, highlighting the importance of the evaluation of tear film stability. This report also discussed the concept of tear film-oriented therapy, which stemmed from the definition, and which is centered on provision of insufficient components in each tear film layer and ocular surface epithelium. The current ADES report proposes a simple classification of dry eyes based on the concept of tear film-oriented diagnosis and suggests that there are three types of dry eye: aqueous-deficient, decreased wettability, and increased evaporation. It is suggested that these three types respectively coincide with the problems of each layer: aqueous, membrane-associated mucins, and lipid/secretory mucin. Although each component cannot be quantitatively evaluated with the current technology, a practical diagnosis based on the patterns of fluorescein breakup is recommended. The Asia Dry Eye Society classification report suggests that for a practical use of the definition, diagnostic criteria and classification system should be integrated and be simple to use. The classification system proposed by ADES is a straightforward tool and simple to use, only through use of fluorescein, which is available even to non-dry eye specialists, and which is believed to contribute to an effective diagnosis and treatment of dry eyes.

Matched MeSH terms: Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Experience in managing glaucoma filtration surgery complications with oral doxycycline: A case series

Yong GY, Mohamed-Noor J, Ong PY, Suliman NB, Lim CW, Zahari M

Eur J Ophthalmol, 2021 Feb 07.
PMID: 33550831 DOI: 10.1177/1120672121992953

PURPOSE: To report the clinical profile and effectiveness of oral doxycycline as a non-invasive treatment for glaucoma filtering surgery complications.
METHOD: Prospective case series.
RESULTS: Doxycycline is widely used in treating corneal melts, ocular surface diseases, meibomian gland disease, recurrent epithelial cell erosion, rosacea, and keratitis sicca. This prospective case series highlights the successful treatment of five patients with leaking blebs and conjunctiva erosion from glaucoma filtration surgery with the use of oral doxycycline. There was no adverse event reported in our cases.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that oral doxycycline may be a feasible non-surgical treatment modality due to its ability to inhibit collagenolysis, restore the Meibomian gland function, thereby stopping breakdown and promote conjunctival tissue healing.

Matched MeSH terms: Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Fulltext Preliminary observations of a natural eye ointment from Curcuma aromatica to treat goat keratoconjunctivitis and uveitis

Shankar Ganesh, K.

Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2017;29(2):25-26.
MyJurnal

The livestock industry has been relying merely on chemically synthesized antibiotic for eye infections as sprays and ointment. A natural remedy from Curcuma spp. has been tested for efficacy in curing keratoconjunctivitis and uveitis. A severe case of uveitis has been cured within 7 days, with impaired vision restored. These results are observations of a preliminary study conducted in a goat with uveitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Keratoconjunctivitis
Fulltext Excellent outcome of primary Neisseria meningitidis keratoconjunctivitis

Daud J, Ishak SR, Deris ZZ, Hitam WH

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2011 Oct;1(5):419-20.
PMID: 23569805 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60092-0

Infectious conjunctivitis is a very common presentation to medical professional and ophthalmologist all over the world. Although its typically self-limiting and treatable in almost all of the cases, but we need to be aware of the rare and potentially life threatening if the cause is not promptly identified and treated accordingly. In our case report, we highlighted the rare case of Neisseria meningitidis as a primary cause of keratoconjunctivitis. Neisseria meningitidis is a rare etiology of keratoconjunctivitis and its ocular presentations are quite similar with other bacterial or viral infection. The infection may potentially fatal if systemic invasion occurred, however with immediate and proper treatment the outcome is satisfactory. Early diagnosis and proper antibiotic treatment are critical to prevent systemic spread of the infection. Public health intervention is needed to prevent outbreak of the disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Keratoconjunctivitis*
Fulltext Tear proteomics in young Malays with dry eyes

Mohd Ali, B., Nguan, D.K.C., Bashirah, I., Chan, K.M.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2013;12(2):39-43.
MyJurnal

Changes in tear protein concentrations may reflect ocular surface health. This study analyzes changes in tear protein concentrations of young Malays with dry eye (DE) and determines its association with the clinical findings. Methods: Subjects were screened using McMonnies questionnaire (MDEQ) and flourescein tear break up time (TBUT). Total tear protein concentration (TTPC) was determined using Bradford's technique and specific tear protein (sIgA, lysozyme, lactoferrin and human serum albumin (HSA)) concentrations were determined using SDS-PAGE. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to compare means between groups. Spearman correlation was used to determine the association between variables measured. Results: A total of 42 subjects (21 DE and 21 NDE) were included. Mean MDEQ score for DE was 16.00±1.48 and NDE was 8.47±3.47. Mean TBUT for DE was 3.47±0.47s and NDE was 4.98±0.43s. Mean TTPC for DE and NDE was 9.84±2.40mg/ml and 8.96±1.84mg/ml respectively. Mean sIgA, lysozyme, lactoferrin and HSA for DE was 0.54±0.10mg/ml, 1.68±0.17mg/ml, 1.47±0.25mg/ml, 0.06±0.03mg/ml and for NDE was 0.57±0.09mg/ml, 2.04±0.19mg/ml, 1.75±0.23mg/ml, 0.06±0.03mg/ml accordingly. Significant differences were noted in MDEQ score (p=0.01), TBUT (p=0.01), lactoferrin (p=0.01) and lysozyme (p=0.01) but not in TTPC (p=0.19), HSA (p=0.74) and sIgA (p=0.24) between groups. Significant correlations were noted between TBUT with lactoferrin (r=0.02, p=0.02) and lysozyme (r=0.63, p=0.01) and between MDEQ score with lactoferrin (r=-0.34, p=0.02) and lysozyme (r=-0.64, p=0.01). Conclusions: There are changes in specific tear protein in dry eye patients, which correlate well with clinical results. Tear protein analysis may play an important role in the diagnosis of the dry eye.

Matched MeSH terms: Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Fulltext Asymptomatic Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia with Extensive HRCT Changes Preceding Sjogren's Syndrome

Baharuddin H, Hanafiah M, Aflah SSS, Zim MAM, Ch'Ng SS

Case Rep Pulmonol, 2021;2021:6693031.
PMID: 33505755 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6693031

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is a rare condition, commonly associated with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). We report a 53-year-old woman with an incidental finding of an abnormal chest radiograph. LIP was diagnosed based on high-resolution computed tomography and lung biopsy, but treatment was not initiated. Six years later, she developed cough and dyspnoea, associated with dry eyes, dry mouth, and arthralgia. While being investigated for the respiratory symptoms, she developed cutaneous vasculitis and was treated with 1 mg/kg prednisolone, which resulted in the improvement of her respiratory symptoms. Physical examination revealed fine bibasal crepitations, active vasculitic skin lesions, and a positive Schirmer's test. Investigations revealed a restrictive pattern in the pulmonary function test, stable LIP pattern in HRCT, and positive anti-Ro antibodies. She was treated with prednisolone and azathioprine for 18 months, and within this time, she was hospitalised for flare of LIP, as well as respiratory tract infection on three occasions. During the third flare, when she also developed cutaneous vasculitis, she agreed for prednisolone but refused other second-line agents. To date, she remained well with the maintenance of prednisolone 2.5 mg monotherapy for more than one year. The lessons from this case are (i) patients with LIP can be asymptomatic, (ii) LIP can precede symptoms of SS, and (iii) treatment decision for asymptomatic patients with abnormal imaging or patients with mild severity should be weighed between the risk of immunosuppression and risk of active disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca