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  1. Fulltext New Insights on the Burstein-Moss Shift and Band Gap Narrowing in Indium-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films
    Saw KG, Aznan NM, Yam FK, Ng SS, Pung SY
    PLoS One, 2015;10(10):e0141180.
    PMID: 26517364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141180
    The Burstein-Moss shift and band gap narrowing of sputtered indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) thin films are investigated as a function of carrier concentrations. The optical band gap shifts below the carrier concentration of 5.61 × 1019 cm-3 are well-described by the Burstein-Moss model. For carrier concentrations higher than 8.71 × 1019 cm-3 the shift decreases, indicating that band gap narrowing mechanisms are increasingly significant and are competing with the Burstein-Moss effect. The incorporation of In causes the resistivity to decrease three orders of magnitude. As the mean-free path of carriers is less than the crystallite size, the resistivity is probably affected by ionized impurities as well as defect scattering mechanisms, but not grain boundary scattering. The c lattice constant as well as film stress is observed to increase in stages with increasing carrier concentration. The asymmetric XPS Zn 2p3/2 peak in the film with the highest carrier concentration of 7.02 × 1020 cm-3 suggests the presence of stacking defects in the ZnO lattice. The Raman peak at 274 cm-1 is attributed to lattice defects introduced by In dopants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium/chemistry*
  2. Ante-partum localisation of the placenta with radioactive isotope Indium ( 113m IN)
    Ng KH, Sinnathuray TA, Lau KS
    Med J Malaya, 1972 Mar;26(3):159-63.
    PMID: 5031010
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium*
  3. Fulltext Structure deformation of indium oxide from nanoparticles into nanostructured polycrystalline films by in situ thermal radiation treatment
    Chong SK, Azizan SN, Chan KW, Nguyen HQ, Chiu WS, Aspanut Z, et al.
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2013;8(1):428.
    PMID: 24134646 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-428
    A microstructure deformation of indium oxide (In2O3) nanoparticles by an in situ thermal radiation treatment in nitrous oxide plasma was investigated. The In2O3 nanoparticles were completely transformed into nanostructured In2O3 films upon 10 min of treatment time. The treated In2O3 nanoparticle sample showed improvement in crystallinity while maintaining a large surface area of nanostructure morphology. The direct transition optical absorption at higher photon energy and the electrical conductivity of the In2O3 nanoparticles were significantly enhanced by the treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
  4. Optimization of kretschmann based on surface plasmon resonance sensor using taguchi method
    Gan SM, Najmiah Radiah Mohamad, Nur Akmar Jamil, Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis, Susthitha Menon P
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2565-2571.
    In this paper, Taguchi experimental design technique was applied for optimization of chromium (Cr)/silver (Ag)/indium
    tin oxide (ITO) SPR sensor for operation in near infrared region. Four factors were considered which include wavelength,
    thickness of Cr, thickness of Ag, and thickness of ITO. Finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method was used in numerical
    analysis for minimum reflectance (Rmin) and full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) performance parameters. The results
    obtained from the Taguchi method shows that the optimized parameter for Rmin was 785 nm of wavelength, Cr (1 nm),
    Ag (40 nm) and ITO (20 nm), whereas the optimized parameter for FWHM was 785 of wavelength, Cr (0 nm), Ag (40 nm)
    and ITO (0 nm). In short, the optimum parameters for achieving the desired performance of sensor were successfully
    predicted using Taguchi optimization method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
  5. Optical properties of InGaAs/GaAs multi quantum wells structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy
    Mohd Sharizal Alias, Mohd Fauzi Maulud, Mohd Razman Yahya, Abdul Fatah Awang Mat, Suomalainen S
    Sains Malaysiana, 2008;37:233-237.
    Inclusive analysis on the optical characteristics of InGaAs/GaAs QW structure for 980 nm semiconductor laser operation is presented from experimental and theoretical point of view. The InGaAs/GaAs quantum well structure is grown by molecular beam epitaxy at different indium composition and quantum well thickness for optical characteristic comparison. Photoluminescence spectra from the measurement show that the spectrum is in good agreement with the simulation results. Detail simulation on the material gain for the InGaAs/GaAs quantum well as a function of carrier densities and operating temperature is also performed in order to optimize the semiconductor laser design for device fabrication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
  6. Surface phonon polariton characteristics of In(0.04)Al(0.06)Ga(0.90)N/AlN/Al(2)O(3) heterostructure
    Ng SS, Lee SC, Bakhori SK, Hassan Z, Abu Hassan H, Yakovlev VA, et al.
    Opt Express, 2010 May 10;18(10):10354-9.
    PMID: 20588890 DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.010354
    Surface phonon polariton (SPP) characteristics of In(0.04)Al(0.06)Ga(0.90)N/AlN/Al(2)O(3) heterostructure are investigated by means of p-polarized infrared (IR) attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. Two absorption dips corresponding to In(0.04)Al(0.06)Ga(0.90)N SPP modes are observed. In addition, two prominent dips and one relatively weak and broad dip corresponding to the Al(2)O(3) SPP mode, In(0.04)Al(0.06)Ga(0.90)N/Al(2)O(3) interface mode, and Al(2)O(3) bulk polariton mode, respectively, are clearly seen. No surface mode feature originating from the AlN layer is observed because it is too thin. Overall, the observations are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium/chemistry*
  7. Fulltext Strain-Reduced Micro-LEDs Grown Directly Using Partitioned Growth
    Lu S, Zhang Y, Zhang ZH, Tsai PC, Zhang X, Tan ST, et al.
    Front Chem, 2021;9:639023.
    PMID: 33816438 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.639023
    Strain-reduced micro-LEDs in 50 μm × 50 μm, 100 μm × 100 μm, 200 μm × 200 μm, 500 μm × 500 μm, and 1,000 μm × 1,000 μm sizes were grown on a patterned c-plane sapphire substrate using partitioned growth with the metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. The size effect on the optical properties and the indium concentration for the quantum wells were studied experimentally. Here, we revealed that the optical properties can be improved by decreasing the chip size (from 1,000 to 100 µm), which can correspondingly reduce the in-plane compressive stress. However, when the chip size is further reduced to 50 μm × 50 μm, the benefit of strain release is overridden by additional defects induced by the higher indium incorporation in the quantum wells and the efficiency of the device decreases. The underlying mechanisms of the changing output power are uncovered based on different methods of characterization. This work shows the rules of thumb to achieve optimal power performance for strain-reduced micro-LEDs through the proposed partitioned growth process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
  8. Fulltext Analysis of absorber and buffer layer band gap grading on cigs thin film solar cell performance using SCAPS
    Nima Khoshsirat, Nurul Amziah Md Yunus, Mohd Nizar Hamidon, Suhaidi Shafie, Nowshad Amin
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2015;23(2):241-250.
    MyJurnal
    A numerical simulation and analysis was performed to investigate the effect of absorber and buffer layer band gap grading and on a Copper-Indium-Gallium-Diselenide (CIGS) solar cell. The software used is the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). The absorber and buffer layer energy band structures’ effect on the cell’s output parameters such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, fill factor and efficiency were extensively simulated. Two structures of the energy band gap were simulated and studied for each of the absorber and buffer layer. The simulation was done on the uniform structure in which the energy band gap is constant throughout the layer. It was then continued on the cell with graded band structure, where the energy band gap of the material is varied throughout the layer. It was found that the cell with graded band structure in absorber and buffer layer had demonstrated higher efficiency and better performance in comparison with the cell with uniform band gap structure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
  9. High transparency iron doped indium oxide (in2—xfexo3, x = 0.0, 0.05,0.25, 0.35 and 0.45) films prepared by the sol-gel method
    Ibrahim N, Baqiah H, Abdullah M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:961-966.
    High quality indium oxide and iron doped indium oxide nanocrystalline films were prepared by the sol-gel method followed by a spin coating technique. The samples were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, an atomic force microscopy and a UV-vis spectroscopy. All samples had good crystallinity with a preferred orientation in the (222) direction. The crystallite size increased from 12.1 nm for the pure sample to 16.1 nm for the sample with x=0.35 and then decreased to 12.1 nm for the sample with x=0.45. All samples contained nanometer grain sizes with a smooth surface. All films showed a high transmission of over 91% in the wavelength range of 200-800 nm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
  10. Medico-legal responsibilities of the Malaysian medical graduate and theteaching of undergraduate forensic medicine
    Paul G, Murty OP
    JUMMEC, 1999;4:88-93.
    The requirement of the medical graduate, tabled in the objectives of undergraduate medical education, as envisaged by the Malaysian Medical Council, call for the all round basic doctor to be able to handle any medical emergency, as well as meet the requirements of law in examining, documenting and reporting on the common offences of the Penal Code, where medical documentation is required of law for the purposes of dispensing justice. However, in tabling the amended requirements of the undergraduate syllabus on the lines of those followed in sollie of the more developed nations, we seem to have lost this perspective. The authors discuss, based on his previous experience from another former colonial country viz. India, where the objectives of the undergraduate training is the same, and the influences 011 the legal profession bear a common origin and governance, the relevance of some of these topics, coming under the antbit of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology as an undergraduate subject, in the day-to-day practise of medicine in and out of government service. While this issue has been the frequent topic of discussion in international confereilces and symposia, where the decline in the standards of medico-legal work in the coulltries attending have been blanled on the fall in the standard of undergraduate teaching, due recognition of the pitfalls of the deletion or whittling down of the course content, independent of the overall overhauling of the syllabi of medical schools, to keep up to the trends of overseas universities, has not been accorded in the planing of the coursc revisions, resulting in a deletion of a vital aspect of daily practise of medicine. KEYWORDS: Medico-legal; Undergraduates
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
  11. Fulltext Stable and null current hysteresis perovskite solar cells based nitrogen doped graphene oxide nanoribbons hole transport layer
    Kim J, Mat Teridi MA, Mohd Yusoff AR, Jang J
    Sci Rep, 2016 06 09;6:27773.
    PMID: 27277388 DOI: 10.1038/srep27773
    Perovskite solar cells are becoming one of the leading technologies to reduce our dependency on traditional power sources. However, the frequently used component poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (

    PEDOT: PSS) has several shortcomings, such as an easily corroded indium-tin-oxide (ITO) interface at elevated temperatures and induced electrical inhomogeneity. Herein, we propose solution-processed nitrogen-doped graphene oxide nanoribbons (NGONRs) as a hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells, replacing the conducting polymer

    PEDOT: PSS. The conversion efficiency of NGONR-based perovskite solar cells has outperformed a control device constructed using

    PEDOT: PSS. Moreover, our proposed NGONR-based devices also demonstrate a negligible current hysteresis along with improved stability. This work provides an effective route for substituting

    PEDOT: PSS as the effective HTL.

    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
  12. Fulltext Structural and photoluminescence studies on catalytic growth of silicon/zinc oxide heterostructure nanowires
    Chong SK, Dee CF, Abdul Rahman S
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2013;8(1):174.
    PMID: 23590803 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-174
    Silicon/zinc oxide (Si/ZnO) core-shell nanowires (NWs) were prepared on a p-type Si(111) substrate using a two-step growth process. First, indium seed-coated Si NWs (In/Si NWs) were synthesized using a plasma-assisted hot-wire chemical vapor deposition technique. This was then followed by the growth of a ZnO nanostructure shell layer using a vapor transport and condensation method. By varying the ZnO growth time from 0.5 to 2 h, different morphologies of ZnO nanostructures, such as ZnO nanoparticles, ZnO shell layer, and ZnO nanorods were grown on the In/Si NWs. The In seeds were believed to act as centers to attract the ZnO molecule vapors, further inducing the lateral growth of ZnO nanorods from the Si/ZnO core-shell NWs via a vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. The ZnO nanorods had a tendency to grow in the direction of [0001] as indicated by X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses. We showed that the Si/ZnO core-shell NWs exhibit a broad visible emission ranging from 400 to 750 nm due to the combination of emissions from oxygen vacancies in ZnO and In2O3 structures and nanocrystallite Si on the Si NWs. The hierarchical growth of straight ZnO nanorods on the core-shell NWs eventually reduced the defect (green) emission and enhanced the near band edge (ultraviolet) emission of the ZnO.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
  13. Effect of Conductive Layer Condition on the Morphology of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template-Assisted Indium Antimonide Nanowires
    Fayyadh OA, Arifin INA, Khairudin A, Hassan J, Abubakar S, Talib ZA, et al.
    J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2020 May 01;20(5):3157-3163.
    PMID: 31635660 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17386
    Indium antimonide nanowires were synthesized by electrochemical deposition using anodic aluminum oxide template in the presence of gold film as conductive layers. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry measurements were carried out to investigate the effect of adhesive insulated tape covered below the conductive layer. Results showed that the anodic aluminum oxide template covered with insulating tapes had better morphology with less presence of overgrown rough film on the topside of the anodic aluminum oxide template and it exhibited a smoother nanowire sidewall as compared to the uncovered ones. Additionally, the unique properties of anodic aluminum oxide were controllable pore diameter with a narrow size distribution at some intervals. It was evident from the energy dispersive X-ray spectrum that the nanowires synthesized from the covered template condition exhibited better InSb composition and stoichiometric ratio compared to the uncovered template condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
  14. The manifestations and measurement of immunity to malaria in different races
    Wilson DB, Wilson ME
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1937;30:431-448.
    DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(37)90131-7
    1. 1. The results of various studies by other workers on the spleen and parasite rates in Indians, Malays and Bantu are summarized. 2. 2. The results of our own observations on Khonds in India, and on Masai and Bantu in East Africa are also summarized and compared with the foregoing and with one another. 3. 3. It is pointed out that wide differences may be found in the malarial status of communities in the same country and, in the case of the Bantu, of the same race; while close similarities occur in different countries. 4. 4. The results of experimental infections in birds and monkeys are cited and interpreted in terms of the two states of allergy and immunity. The probable significance of these is illustrated by reference to the role of the two states in tuberculosis. 5. 5. It is suggested that the observed contrasts in the spleen and parasite rates in diverse communities may also be explained in terms of immunity and hypersensitivity. 6. 6. It is concluded that the immune status is dependent not on race but on the frequency of infection; and that the most accurate index of endemicity is the frequency of infections in the non-immune, that is the rate in early infancy. 7. 7. While a consideration of the Spleen Rate and Endemic Index may be of value in forming an estimate of endemicity and immunity when similar communities are being compared, these indices may be misleading when the epidemiological surroundings are dissimilar. 8. 8. A consideration of the variation with age in the spleen and parasite rates throws more light on endemicity and immunity and on such variation a rough classification may be made into immune and sub-immune communities. 9. 9. But it is suggested that by far the most sensitive index at present available for field studies is the average parasite count, and its variation with age. c 1937.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
  15. Parasitological and serological investigation into lymphatic filariasis among immigrant at Semenyih Detention Centre, Selangor, West Malaysia
    Wan Omar A, Khairul Anuar A, Sulaiman O, Rahmah N, Manaf A, Rahimah A
    JUMMEC, 2000;5:41-44.
    Parasitological and serological investigations for lymphatic filariasis were performed on 450 immigrants detained at the lmmigration Centre at Semenyih, Selangor, West Malaysia. The country of origin of these immigrants were Indonesia, The Philippines, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Brugia malayi adult worm homogenate (BmAH) antigen was used for the detection of antiifilarial IgG. A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA (MAb.XC3-ELISA) specific for filarial circulating antigens and non-phosphorylcholine reactive was used to detect antigenemia in these immigrants. Parasitologically 67 (14.89 %) were positive for W. bancrofti and 54 (12.0%) for Brugia malayi. Serologically 63% had antifilarial IgG titre to the BmAH antigen. While Bancroftian filariasis is now unknown in Peninsular Malaysia, the potential of it to be reintroduced into Peninsular Malaysia by the immigrant population is discussed. KEYWORDS: Lymphatic filariasis, immigratits, antifilarial IgG, antigenemia
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
  16. Neutron-activated ¹⁵³Sm-ion-exchange resin as a tracer for gastrointestinal scintigraphy
    Yeong CH, Abdullah BJ, Ng KH, Chung LY, Goh KL, Sarji SA, et al.
    Nucl Med Commun, 2011 Dec;32(12):1256-60.
    PMID: 21934547 DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e32834b3ac8
    Nuclear medicine techniques are well established for the investigation of gastrointestinal (GI) motility and transit. Ion-exchange resins radiolabelled with ⁹⁹mTc and ¹¹¹In are widely used as nonabsorbable radiopharmaceutical markers, with ¹¹¹In being preferred for whole-gut transit studies. This radionuclide, however, is not produced in many countries and may be expensive when obtained through international shipment. This study describes the use of neutron-activated ¹⁵³Sm-resin as an alternative tracer for use in GI scintigraphic investigation. A measure of 50 mg of stable samarium-152 chloride (¹⁵²SmCl₃) was incorporated into 100 mg of cation-exchange resin and irradiated in a neutron flux of 1 × 10¹³ cm⁻² s⁻¹ for 100 s to achieve an activity of 5 MBq after 66 h. Aliquots of ¹¹¹In-radiolabelled resin (5 MBq) were prepared for comparison of labelling and stability. Radiolabelling efficiencies were obtained by washing resin with distilled water, and the activity lost was measured. The radiolabelled resins were immersed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid environments, and the retention of ¹⁵³Sm³⁺ and ¹¹¹In³⁺ was measured over a 24 h period. At 66 h after production, 91.15 ± 12.42% of ¹⁵³Sm was bound to the resin after washing in distilled water, whereas radiolabelling with ¹¹¹In achieved 99.96 ± 0.02% efficiency. Both radiolabelled resins demonstrated almost 100% stability in simulated intestinal fluid and >90% stability in artificial gastric juice over 24 h. The performance of neutron-activated ¹⁵³Sm-resin is similar to that of ¹¹¹In-resin and can be used as an alternative tracer for GI transit studies when In is not available.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium Radioisotopes
  17. Deposition and characterization of SnSe and CuInSe2 thin films by thermal evaporation technique from synthesized SnSe and CuInSe2 sources
    Nordin Sabli, Zainal Abidin Talib, Chang CB, Wan Mahmood Mat Yunus, Zulkarnain Zainal, Hikmat S. Hilal, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1061-1067.
    Tin selenide (SnSe) and copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) compounds were synthesized by high temperature reaction method using combination of sealed ampoule (at relatively low pressure ~10-1 Pa without inert gas) and heating at specific temperature profile in rocking furnace. Powder X-Ray diffraction analysis showed that the products involved only single phases of SnSe and of CuInSe2 only. Using the reaction products as source materials, the SnSe and CuInSe2 thin films were vacuum-deposited on glass substrates at room temperature. Structural, elemental, surface morphological and optical properties of the as-deposited films were studied by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Single phase of SnSe and CuInSe2 films were obtained by thermal evaporation technique from synthesized SnSe and CuInSe2 compound without further treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indium
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