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  1. Occurrence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Madagascar, Mauritius, Ceylon, and Sarawak
    Alicata JE
    J Parasitol, 1965 Dec;51(6):937.
    PMID: 5848821
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  2. [On the finger-prints of the Indians in Goa and Penang]
    Higashi Y, Nakamura S
    Kumamoto Igakkai Zasshi, 1966 Jan 25;40(1):112-8.
    PMID: 5953614
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  3. [On the palm-prints of the Indians in Goa and Penang]
    Nakamura S, Higashi Y
    Kumamoto Igakkai Zasshi, 1966 Jan 25;40(1):105-11.
    PMID: 5953548
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  4. The value of small mangrove patches
    Curnick DJ, Pettorelli N, Amir AA, Balke T, Barbier EB, Crooks S, et al.
    Science, 2019 01 18;363(6424):239.
    PMID: 30655434 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw0809
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  5. Fulltext Some Biological Aspects of Bigeye Scad, Selar crumenophthalmus from Bangaa Faru, Maldives
    Fadzly N, Adeeb S, Md Sah ASR
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2017 Jul;28(2):127-141.
    PMID: 28890766 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.2.10
    In this paper, we studied some biological aspects of big eye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) from Maldives. The fish sample was collected from the local fish market at Bangaa Faru, Male, Maldives. The length of the samples were ranged from 7.7 cm to 24.5 cm (mean value = 16.85 ± 2.82 cm) in fork length. Body weight ranged between 8 g to 255.6 g (mean value = 87.76 ± 40.41 g). The exponent values (b slope) of lengthweight relationship of S. crumenophthalmus are 2.9838 for females and 2.7687 for males; indicating negative allometric growth pattern for both sexes. Synchronous reproductive behaviour was observed in both sexes and a pronounced peak of Gonadosomatic index was observed in females in January 2013. It is estimated that length at first maturity (L50) for females is at 19.39 cm FL and for males at 21.76 cm FL. Our result also suggest that big eye scad have a reduced swimming capability, resulting the species to be easily caught. Careful planning and management should be implemented to prevent the big eye scad from being overfished.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  6. Fulltext Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) leaves from different locations
    Aburigal, Y.A.A., Mirghani, M.E.S., Elmogtaba, E.Y., Sirible, A.A.M., Hamza, N.B., Hussein, I.H.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(101):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    The present study was carried out to determine the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Ocimum basilicum collected from different regions of the world. The accession V1 is from Sudan, V2 from Iraq, V3 from Germany, V4 from Thailand, V5 from Russia and V6 from Maldives. The extracts from six basil accessions were analysed for their DPPH free radical scavenging activity and their total phenolic content (TPC). The results suggest that the highest antioxidant activity was found in V6 (from Maldives) and the lowest antioxidant activity was found in V4 (from Thailand). The highest amount of phenolic content was found in V6 (from Maldives) and the lowest phenolic content was found inV4 (from Thailand). This study shows that basil is a good source of free-radical scavenging compounds that have their traditional medicinal applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  7. Overseas nursing students in Britain
    Kendall MN
    Int Nurs Rev, 1972;19(3):246-60.
    PMID: 4484348
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  8. Redescription of the Indo-West Pacific cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) Rhabdamia spilota Allen Kuiter 1994 and R. gracilis (Bleeker 1856)
    Yoshida T, Motomura H
    Zootaxa, 2018 Jan 31;4377(2):178-190.
    PMID: 29690063 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4377.2.2
    Rhabdamia spilota Allen Kuiter 1994 (Apogonidae), a poorly known cardinalfish previously known only from the Philippines, Indonesia and the Red Sea, is redescribed on the basis of 70 specimens (20.9-61.2 mm standard length) (including types), from the Indo-West Pacific (Red Sea, Andaman Sea, Japan, South China Sea, the Philippines, Indonesia, New Caledonia, and Australia). Because most reports of the similar species R. gracilis (Bleeker 1856), following its original description, were based on misidentifications, R. gracilis is also redescribed (based on 98 Indo-West Pacific specimens from Seychelles, Maldives, Andaman Sea, Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Caledonia, and Australia, 27.9-59.3 mm standard length); a lectotype is designated for it. Rhabdamia spilota differs from R. gracilis in having 27-33 (mode 30-31) developed gill rakers [vs. 22-27 (mode 24) in the latter], 27-33 (30) gill rakers including rudiments [vs. 23-27 (24-25)], a black stripe from the jaw tips to the anterior margin of the orbit (vs. black pigments only at snout and tip of lower jaw), 3-6 reddish brown to blackish blotches on the opercle and anterior of body (vs. blotches absent), and indistinct black pigment restricted to caudal fin outer margins (vs. pigment scattered over entire fin). Rhabdamia gracilis exhibits sexual dichromatism, female specimens larger than 41.3 mm SL having one or two black stripes on the lateral surface of the body; the stripes are absent in males and smaller females. No evidence of sexual dichromatism was found in R. spilota.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  9. Two reads to rule them all: Nanopore long read-guided assembly of the iconic Christmas Island red crab, Gecarcoidea natalis (Pocock, 1888), mitochondrial genome and the challenges of AT-rich mitogenomes
    Gan HM, Linton SM, Austin CM
    Mar Genomics, 2019 Jun;45:64-71.
    PMID: 30928201 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2019.02.002
    Despite recent advances in sequencing technology, a complete mitogenome assembly is still unavailable for the gecarcinid land crabs that include the iconic Christmas Island red crab (Gecarcoidea natalis) which is known for its high population density, annual mass breeding migration and ecological significance in maintaining rainforest structure. Using sequences generated from Nanopore and Illumina platforms, we assembled the complete mitogenome for G. natalis, the first for the genus and only second for the family Gecarcinidae. Nine Nanopore long reads representing 0.15% of the sequencing output from an overnight MinION Nanopore run were aligned to the mitogenome. Two of them were >10 kb and combined are sufficient to span the entire G. natalis mitogenome. The use of Illumina genome skimming data only resulted in a fragmented assembly that can be attributed to low to zero sequencing coverage in multiple high AT-regions including the mitochondrial protein-coding genes (NAD4 and NAD5), 16S ribosomal rRNA and non-coding control region. Supplementing the mitogenome assembly with previously acquired transcriptome dataset containing high abundance of mitochondrial transcripts improved mitogenome sequence coverage and assembly reliability. We then inferred the phylogeny of the Eubrachyura using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approaches, confirming the phylogenetic placement of G. natalis within the family Gecarcinidae based on whole mitogenome alignment. Given the substantial impact of AT-content on mitogenome assembly and the value of complete mitogenomes in phylogenetic and comparative studies, we recommend that future mitogenome sequencing projects consider generating a modest amount of Nanopore long reads to facilitate the closing of problematic and fragmented mitogenome assemblies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  10. Primary health care: hope and challenges for public health in Maldives
    Sulaiman AI, Abu Bakar SH, Wahab HA
    J Community Health, 2014 Jun;39(3):627-31.
    PMID: 24488646 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-013-9809-3
    The government of Maldives considers that the enjoyment of the highest attainable level of health is a basic right of every citizen. Thus it lays emphasis on the accessibility and affordability of health care services. In order to achieve these objectives, it is very important to expand curative services as well as preventive services in the country. The major hurdles faced by the country are result of the inherent structural problem faced by the county which leads to sever diseconomies of scale in the provision of healthcare services. Community and individual involvement and self-reliance are very important to achieve Health for All by the Year 200 AD. Community participation is one of the domains of community capacity building in a small island country. It is one of the mechanisms to empower people to take part in community development. In this paper, the nature, the dimensions of community participation, and its role and scope in implementation of different components of primary health care have been described. The health services in public and curative care have been briefed. Some of the achievements in health sector have also been briefly presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands/epidemiology
  11. Oral healthy conditions in Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands children
    Riordan PJ, Panaeff C
    Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1996 Feb;24(1):85-6.
    PMID: 8833521
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands/epidemiology
  12. RADIATION DOSE TO MALDIVIANS VIA THE CONSUMPTION OF TUNA FISH CAUGHT FROM THE COASTAL WATERS OF INDIAN OCEAN
    Nadhiya A, Khandaker MU, Mahmud S, Yarima MH
    Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2019 Oct 01;184(3-4):302-306.
    PMID: 31034553 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz085
    Recognising the consumption of tuna fish as a major foodstuff in Maldivian diet, the presence of naturally occurring radionuclides in Yellowfin and Skipjack tuna are determined by using HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry to evaluate the health hazards to Maldivians. The samples were collected from different atolls of Maldives adjacent to the coastal waters of Indian Ocean. The activity concentrations (Bq kg-1) in Yellowfin tuna for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are in the ranges of 4.2 ± 1.8-10.5 ± 1.1, 1.3 ± 0.3-3.2 ± 0.7 and 589 ± 29-697 ± 34, respectively while in Skipjack tuna the respective ranges are 3.9 ± 0.5-13.2 ± 1.1, 1.3 ± 0.3-2.7 ± 0.6 and 511 ± 28-681 ± 35. The committed effective dose (mean 263 μSv y-1) received by an individual due to the dietary intake of Yellowfin tuna falling below the UNSCEAR referenced global internal dose limit of 290 μSv y-1; while for Skipjack tuna, the estimated dose (mean 365 μSv y-1) exceeds the world average limiting value. The carcinogenic risk was found to be well below the ICRP referenced acceptable limit of 2.5 × 10-3. The present study indicates that the radiation dose to Maldivian via the consumption of Yellowfin tuna poses an insignificant threat to the public health. However, prolonged consumption of Skipjack tuna fish from the studied areas may pose a cumulative risk to the public health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands/epidemiology
  13. Fulltext Smoking and smokeless tobacco use in nine South and Southeast Asian countries: prevalence estimates and social determinants from Demographic and Health Surveys
    Sreeramareddy CT, Pradhan PM, Mir IA, Sin S
    Popul Health Metr, 2014;12:22.
    PMID: 25183954 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-014-0022-0
    BACKGROUND: In South and Southeast Asian countries, tobacco is consumed in diverse forms, and smoking among women is very low. We aimed to provide national estimates of prevalence and social determinants of smoking and smokeless tobacco use among men and women separately.
    METHODS: Data from Demographic and Health Surveys completed in nine countries (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Maldives, Philippines, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Timor Leste) were analyzed. Current smoking or smokeless tobacco use was assessed as response "yes" to one or more of three questions, such as "Do you currently smoke cigarettes?" Weighted country-level prevalence rates for socio-economic subgroups were calculated for smoking and smokeless tobacco use. Binary logistic regression analyses were done on STATA/IC (version 10) by 'svy' command.
    RESULTS: Prevalence and type of tobacco use among men and women varied across the countries and among socio-economic sub groups. Smoking prevalence was much lower in women than men in all countries. Smoking among men was very high in Indonesia, Maldives, and Bangladesh. Smokeless tobacco (mainly chewable) was used in diverse forms, particularly in India, among both men and women. Chewing tobacco was common in Nepal, Bangladesh, Maldives, and Cambodia. Both smoking and smokeless tobacco use were associated with higher age, lower education, and poverty, but their association with place of residence and marital status was not uniform between men and women across the countries.
    CONCLUSION: Policymakers should consider type of tobacco consumption and their differentials among various population subgroups to implement country-specific tobacco control policies and target the vulnerable groups. Smokeless tobacco use should also be prioritized in tobacco control efforts.
    KEYWORDS: Prevalence; Smokeless tobacco use; Smoking; Social determinants; South and Southeast Asia
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  14. Fulltext Characterisation of rh and other blood group systems amongst the maldivian blood donors
    Mohamed S, Muna I
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Oct;68(5):393-6.
    PMID: 24632868
    OBJECTIVE: We here report the first study on the distribution of red cell antigens and phenotype frequencies of various blood group systems in Maldives.

    METHOD: Randomly selected 123 regular blood donors of O group were phenotyped for seven blood group systems by direct tube agglutination and or indirect antiglobulin tests. Blood group systems studied were Rh, Kidd, Duffy, Lewis, Kell, P and MNS system.

    RESULTS: Rh blood grouping showed, 7.3% donors were Rh(D) negative, 92.7% were Rh(D) positive with the predominance of genotype complex of DCe/DCe (39.0%). The incidence of Jk(a+b+) phenotype was the most common in Kidd system. In Duffy system, the incidence of Fy(a+b+) phenotype was 50.4%. Lewis system was predominated by Le(a-b+) phenotype accounting to 80.5% of the donors. In the Kell system only two phenotypes were present, K+k- (5.7%) and k+k+ (94.3%), in the Maldivian blood donors. P system was represented by P1, P2 and P2k phenotypes with an incidence of 28.5%, 70.7% and 0.8% respectively. In the MNS system, MNss and MNSs phenotypes summed up to 48.8% of blood donors.

    CONCLUSION: The detail knowledge of red cell antigen composition and their frequencies in the Maldivian population will be helpful in terms of population genetic perspectives, in establishing a donor data-bank for in-house production of indigenous screening and identification cell panels, and facilitate availability of antigen negative compatible blood for patients with previously identified multiple alloantibodies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  15. Fulltext Feral Cat Globetrotters: genetic traces of historical human-mediated dispersal
    Koch K, Algar D, Schwenk K
    Ecol Evol, 2016 08;6(15):5321-32.
    PMID: 27551385 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2261
    Endemic species on islands are highly susceptible to local extinction, in particular if they are exposed to invasive species. Invasive predators, such as feral cats, have been introduced to islands around the world, causing major losses in local biodiversity. In order to control and manage invasive species successfully, information about source populations and level of gene flow is essential. Here, we investigate the origin of feral cats of Hawaiian and Australian islands to verify their European ancestry and a potential pattern of isolation by distance. We analyzed the genetic structure and diversity of feral cats from eleven islands as well as samples from Malaysia and Europe using mitochondrial DNA (ND5 and ND6 regions) and microsatellite DNA data. Our results suggest an overall European origin of Hawaiian cats with no pattern of isolation by distance between Australian, Malaysian, and Hawaiian populations. Instead, we found low levels of genetic differentiation between samples from Tasman Island, Lana'i, Kaho'olawe, Cocos (Keeling) Island, and Asia. As these populations are separated by up to 10,000 kilometers, we assume an extensive passive dispersal event along global maritime trade routes in the beginning of the 19th century, connecting Australian, Asian, and Hawaiian islands. Thus, islands populations, which are characterized by low levels of current gene flow, represent valuable sources of information on historical, human-mediated global dispersal patterns of feral cats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  16. Fulltext Patterns of health ailments and other health problems among children at a relief camp, Aceh, Indonesia; a two months post tsunami study
    Adlina, S., Soe, Soe Aye, Narimah, A.H.H., Nuraliza, A.S.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2005;5(1):31-37.
    MyJurnal
    On December 26, 2004, an earthquake triggered a devastating tsunami that caused death and destruction in twelve countries including India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Seychelles, Somalia, Sri Lanka and Thailand. One of the authors was a volunteer with FELDA WAJA AMAN MALAYSIA medical relief team that served the Aceh victims from 16th February to 24th February 2005 (8 weeks post tsunami). A study to determine the pattern of health ailments was conducted among children aged 18 years and below based at Seuneubok Camp, 30 km from Banda Aceh. All respondents were from Pulau Aceh and the total number of children seen and examined was 60. About 18% had lost their fathers, 10 % had lost their mothers and 27% had lost one or more of their siblings. 77% suffered some form of health ailments. The common health ailments were diarrhea (61%), respiratory complaints (59%) and fever (20%). About 38 % of preschoolers had loss of appetite and 28% had sleep disturbances. About 35% of the elementary school children suffered from sleep disturbances, 29% of the young adolescents suffered from headaches and 24% had sleep disturbances. Nearly a quarter (24%) of all the children felt fearful and anxious about the disaster. Nevertheless, 56% of the respondents wanted to return back to Pulau Aceh, although 14 % did not want to go back. Interestingly, 73% of the children voiced their gratitude to God for having been saved from death.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  17. Fulltext Association between the spread of COVID-19 and weather-climatic parameters
    Carta MG, Scano A, Lindert J, Bonanno S, Rinaldi L, Fais S, et al.
    Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2020 08;24(15):8226-8231.
    PMID: 32767354 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22512
    OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the climate has played a role in the COVID-19 outbreak, we compared virus lethality in countries closer to the Equator with others. Lethality in European territories and in territories of some nations with a non-temperate climate was also compared.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lethality was calculated as the rate of deaths in a determinate moment from the outbreak of the pandemic out of the total of identified positives for COVID-19 in a given area/nation, based on the COVID-John Hopkins University website. Lethality of countries located within the 5th parallels North/South on 6 April and 6 May 2020, was compared with that of all the other countries. Lethality in the European areas of The Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom was also compared to the territories of the same nations in areas with a non-temperate climate.

    RESULTS: A lower lethality rate of COVID-19 was found in Equatorial countries both on April 6 (OR=0.72 CI 95% 0.66-0.80) and on May 6 (OR=0.48, CI 95% 0.47-0.51), with a strengthening over time of the protective effect. A trend of higher risk in European vs. non-temperate areas was found on April 6, but a clear difference was evident one month later: France (OR=0.13, CI 95% 0.10-0.18), The Netherlands (OR=0.5, CI 95% 0.3-0.9) and the UK (OR=0.2, CI 95% 0.01-0.51). This result does not seem to be totally related to the differences in age distribution of different sites.

    CONCLUSIONS: The study does not seem to exclude that the lethality of COVID-19 may be climate sensitive. Future studies will have to confirm these clues, due to potential confounding factors, such as pollution, population age, and exposure to malaria.

    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands/epidemiology
  18. Molecular basis of beta-thalassemia in the Maldives
    Furuumi H, Firdous N, Inoue T, Ohta H, Winichagoon P, Fucharoen S, et al.
    Hemoglobin, 1998 Mar;22(2):141-51.
    PMID: 9576331
    We have systematically analyzed beta-thalassemia genes using polymerase chain reaction-related techniques, dot-blot hybridization with oligonucleotide probes, allele specific-polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing of amplified DNA fragments from 41 unrelated patients, including 37 beta-thalassemia homozygotes, three with beta-thalassemia/Hb E, and one with beta-thalassemia/Hb S. Four different beta-thalassemia mutations were detected in 78 alleles. These are the IVS-I-5 (G-->C), codon 30 (AGG-->ACG) [also indicated as IVS-I (-1)], IVS-I-1 (G-->A), and codons 41/42 (-TTCT) mutations. The distribution of the beta-thalassemia mutations in the Maldives is 58 alleles (74.3%) with the IVS-I-5 (G-->C) mutation, 12 (15.4%) with the codon 30 (AGG-->ACG) mutation, seven (9%) with the IVS-I-1 (G-->A) mutation, and one with the codons 41/42 (-TTCT) mutation. The first three mutations account for 98.7% of the total number of beta-thalassemia chromosomes studied. These mutations are clustered in the region spanning 6 bp around the junction of exon 1 and the first intervening sequence of the beta-globin gene. These observations have significant implications for setting up a thalassemia prevention and control program in the Maldives. Analysis of haplotypes and frameworks of chromosomes bearing each beta-thalassemia mutation suggested that the origin and spread of these mutations were reflected by the historical record.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands/epidemiology
  19. Antineoplastic agents. 522. Hernandia peltata (Malaysia) and Hernandia nymphaeifolia (Republic of Maldives)
    Pettit GR, Meng Y, Gearing RP, Herald DL, Pettit RK, Doubek DL, et al.
    J Nat Prod, 2004 Feb;67(2):214-20.
    PMID: 14987061
    Bioassay (P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line and human tumor cell lines)-guided separation of the extracts prepared from the tropical and coastal trees Hernandia peltata (Malaysia) and Hernandianymphaeifolia (Republic of Maldives) led to the isolation of a new lignan designated as hernanol (1) and 12 previously known lignans: (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin (2), deoxypicropodophyllin (3), (+)-epiaschantin (4), (+)-epieudesmin (5), praderin (6), 5'-methoxyyatein (7), podorhizol (8), deoxypodorhizone (9), bursehernin (10), kusunokinol (11), clusin (12), and (-)-maculatin (13). The oxidative cyclization (with VOF(3)) of lignans 8, 9, and 10 resulted in a new and unusual benzopyran (14), isostegane (15), and a new dibenzocyclooctadiene lactone (16), respectively. The structure and relative stereochemistry of hernanol (1) and lignans 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 were determined by 1D and 2DNMR and HRMS analyses. The structures and absolute stereochemistry of structures 2, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, and 16 were unequivocally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Evaluation against the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line and human tumor cell lines showed podophyllotoxin derivatives 2 and 3 to be strong cancer cell line growth inhibitors and substances 4, 5, 8, and 15 to have marginal cancer cell line inhibitory activities. Seven of the lignans and one of the synthetic modifications (14) inhibited growth of the pathogenic bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
  20. Summary of regional response to the fourth inquiry
    United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCAP. Population and Social Affairs Division
    Asian Pac Popul Programme News, 1979;8(3):8-12.
    PMID: 12278305
    Matched MeSH terms: Indian Ocean Islands
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