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Implementing cost-effective 3-dimensional ultrasound using visual probe localization

Ali A, Logeswaran R

J Digit Imaging, 2007 Dec;20(4):352-66.
PMID: 17372781

This article proposes a set-up for a 3-dimensional ultrasound system using visual probe localization on the conventional 2-dimensional ultrasound machines readily available in most hospitals. A calibrated digital camera is used for probe-tracking (localization) purposes, whereas ultrasound probe calibration is implemented using a purpose-built phantom. The calibration steps and results are detailed here. The overall system is proven effective in clinical trials through scanning of human organs. Results obtained show successful, accurate 3-dimensional representations using this simple cost-effective set-up.

Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation
Using game controller as position tracking sensor for 3D freehand ultrasound imaging

Chan VS, Mohamed F, Yusoff YA, Dewi DEO, Anuar A, Shamsudin MA, et al.

Med Biol Eng Comput, 2020 May;58(5):889-902.
PMID: 31599379 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-02044-4

Position tracking has been widely used in medical applications, especially in 3D ultrasound imaging, where it has transformed the 2D slice limitation into 3D volume with bigger clinical impacts. As a game controller can also produce position tracking information, it has the potential to act as a low-cost and portable position tracker for ultrasound probes. This paper aims to investigate the feasibility of a game controller to perform as a position tracker and to design its implementation in 3D ultrasound imaging. The study consists of data acquisition and 3D ultrasound reconstruction for visualization. The data acquisition is accomplished by capturing the 2D ultrasound frame and its relative positional and orientation data by using an ultrasound probe and game controller respectively. These data are further reconstructed to produce 3D ultrasound volume for visualization. Our experiments include game controller position tracker testing and 3D ultrasound reconstruction on baby phantom. The results have confirmed that the game controller performance was closely aligned with that of in a robot arm. Also, the 3D ultrasound reconstruction implementation has revealed promising outcomes. With these features, the function of the currently available ultrasound probes can be prospectively improved using a game controller position tracker effectively. Graphical Abstract.

Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation*
Multimodal 3-D reconstruction of human anatomical structures using SurLens Visualization System

Adeshina AM, Hashim R, Khalid NE, Abidin SZ

Interdiscip Sci, 2013 Mar;5(1):23-36.
PMID: 23605637 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-013-0155-z

In the medical diagnosis and treatment planning, radiologists and surgeons rely heavily on the slices produced by medical imaging devices. Unfortunately, these image scanners could only present the 3-D human anatomical structure in 2-D. Traditionally, this requires medical professional concerned to study and analyze the 2-D images based on their expert experience. This is tedious, time consuming and prone to error; expecially when certain features are occluding the desired region of interest. Reconstruction procedures was earlier proposed to handle such situation. However, 3-D reconstruction system requires high performance computation and longer processing time. Integrating efficient reconstruction system into clinical procedures involves high resulting cost. Previously, brain's blood vessels reconstruction with MRA was achieved using SurLens Visualization System. However, adapting such system to other image modalities, applicable to the entire human anatomical structures, would be a meaningful contribution towards achieving a resourceful system for medical diagnosis and disease therapy. This paper attempts to adapt SurLens to possible visualisation of abnormalities in human anatomical structures using CT and MR images. The study was evaluated with brain MR images from the department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, United States and CT abdominal pelvic, from the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing. The MR images contain around 109 datasets each of T1-FLASH, T2-Weighted, DTI and T1-MPRAGE. Significantly, visualization of human anatomical structure was achieved without prior segmentation. SurLens was adapted to visualize and display abnormalities, such as an indication of walderstrom's macroglobulinemia, stroke and penetrating brain injury in the human brain using Magentic Resonance (MR) images. Moreover, possible abnormalities in abdominal pelvic was also visualized using Computed Tomography (CT) slices. The study shows SurLens' functionality as a 3-D Multimodal Visualization System.

Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation
Fulltext Advancements in transmitters and sensors for biological tissue imaging in magnetic induction tomography

Zakaria Z, Abdul Rahim R, Mansor MS, Yaacob S, Ayub NM, Muji SZ, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2012;12(6):7126-56.
PMID: 22969341 DOI: 10.3390/s120607126

Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT), which is also known as Electromagnetic Tomography (EMT) or Mutual Inductance Tomography, is among the imaging modalities of interest to many researchers around the world. This noninvasive modality applies an electromagnetic field and is sensitive to all three passive electromagnetic properties of a material that are conductivity, permittivity and permeability. MIT is categorized under the passive imaging family with an electrodeless technique through the use of excitation coils to induce an electromagnetic field in the material, which is then measured at the receiving side by sensors. The aim of this review is to discuss the challenges of the MIT technique and summarize the recent advancements in the transmitters and sensors, with a focus on applications in biological tissue imaging. It is hoped that this review will provide some valuable information on the MIT for those who have interest in this modality. The need of this knowledge may speed up the process of adopted of MIT as a medical imaging technology.

Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation*
Validity and reliability of tooth size and dental arch measurements: a stereo photogrammetric study

Al-Khatib AR, Rajion ZA, Masudi SM, Hassan R, Townsend GC

Aust Orthod J, 2012 May;28(1):22-9.
PMID: 22866590

The development of three-dimensional computer imaging has many applications in dentistry, including the analysis of dental casts.

Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation
A visual probe localization and calibration system for cost-effective computer-aided 3D ultrasound

Ali A, Logeswaran R

Comput Biol Med, 2007 Aug;37(8):1141-7.
PMID: 17126314

The 3D ultrasound systems produce much better reproductions than 2D ultrasound, but their prohibitively high cost deprives many less affluent organization this benefit. This paper proposes using the conventional 2D ultrasound equipment readily available in most hospitals, along with a single conventional digital camera, to construct 3D ultrasound images. The proposed system applies computer vision to extract position information of the ultrasound probe while the scanning takes place. The probe, calibrated in order to calculate the offset of the ultrasound scan from the position of the marker attached to it, is used to scan a number of geometrical objects. Using the proposed system, the 3D volumes of the objects were successfully reconstructed. The system was tested in clinical situations where human body parts were scanned. The results presented, and confirmed by medical staff, are very encouraging for cost-effective implementation of computer-aided 3D ultrasound using a simple setup with 2D ultrasound equipment and a conventional digital camera.

Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation*
Measurement of coronary bifurcation angle with coronary CT angiography: A phantom study

Givehchi S, Safari MJ, Tan SK, Md Shah MNB, Sani FBM, Azman RR, et al.

Phys Med, 2018 Jan;45:198-204.
PMID: 29373248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.09.137

PURPOSE: Accurate determination of the bifurcation angle and correlation with plaque buildup may lead to the prediction of coronary artery disease (CAD). This work evaluates two techniques to measure bifurcation angles in 3D space using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine phantoms were fabricated with different bifurcation angles ranging from 55.3° to 134.5°. General X-ray and CCTA were employed to acquire 2D and 3D images of the bifurcation phantoms, respectively. Multiplanar reformation (MPR) and volume rendering technique (VRT) were used to measure the bifurcation angle between the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex arteries (LCx). The measured angles were compared with the true values to determine the accuracy of each measurement technique. Inter-observer variability was evaluated. The two techniques were further applied on 50 clinical CCTA cases to verify its clinical value.
RESULTS: In the phantom setting, the mean absolute differences calculated between the true and measured angles by MPR and VRT were 2.4°±2.2° and 3.8°±2.9°, respectively. Strong correlation was found between the true and measured bifurcation angles. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the bifurcation angles measured using either technique. In clinical settings, large difference of 12.0°±10.6° was found between the two techniques.
CONCLUSION: In the phantom setting, both techniques demonstrated a significant correlation to the true bifurcation angle. Despite the lack of agreement of the two techniques in the clinical context, our findings in phantoms suggest that MPR should be preferred to VRT for the measurement of coronary bifurcation angle by CCTA.

Matched MeSH terms: Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation