MyMedR

Anti-atherogenic therapy is crucial in halting the progression of inflammation-induced intimal hyperplasia. The aim of this concise review was to methodically assess the recent findings of the different approaches, mainly on the recruitment of chemokines and/or cytokine and its effects in combating the intimal hyperplasia caused by various risk factors. Pubmed and Scopus databases were searched, followed by article selection based on pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. The combination of keywords used were monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 OR MCP-1 OR TNF-alpha OR TNF-α AND hyperplasia OR intimal hyperplasia OR neointimal hyperplasia AND in vitro. These keywords combination was incorporated in the study and had successfully identified 77 articles, with 22 articles were acquired from Pubmed, whereas 55 articles were obtained from Scopus. However, after title screening, only twelve articles meet the requirements of defined inclusion criteria. We classified the data into 4 different approaches, i.e., utilisation of natural product, genetic manipulation and protein inhibition, targeted drugs in clinical setting, and chemokine and cytokines induction. Most of the articles are working on genetic manipulation targeted on specific pathway to inhibit the pro-inflammatory factors expression. We also found that the utilisation of chemokine- and cytokine-related treatments are emerging throughout the years. However, there is no study utilising the combination of approaches that might give a better outcome in combating intimal hyperplasia. Hopefully, this concise review will provide an insight regarding the usage of different novel approaches in halting the progression of intimal hyperplasia, which serves as a key factor for the development of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyperplasia/drug therapy; Hyperplasia/prevention & control

Coronoid hyperplasia: A review

Goh YC, Tan CC, Lim D

J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2020 Sep;121(4):397-403.

PMID: 31904534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2019.12.019

Coronoid hyperplasia is one of the rare causes of progressive limitation of mouth opening due to impingement of the enlarged coronoid process of the mandible on the zygomatic bone. A review was performed on all cases reports and case series on coronoid hyperplasia. Gender, age at treatment, age of onset, types of hyperplasia (unilateral/bilateral), associated history, treatment, surgical approach, preoperative mouth opening, intraoperative mouth opening, mouth opening at follow up and follow up period were recorded and analyzed. A total of 82 articles which reported 115 cases were included. Coronoid hyperplasia was commonly reported at mean age of 22.64 years old with male preponderance. Most of the cases were diagnosed and treated between the age of 11-20 years old. This condition commonly involved bilateral coronoid process of mandible. The mean width of preoperative mouth opening was 16.5mm and was improved to a mean mouth opening of 36.3mm intraoperatively. Mean mouth opening was 34.8mm at an average follow up of 19 months. While the etiopathogenesis of coronoid hyperplasia is still not conclusive, treatment with either coronoidectomy or coronoidotomy produced good improvement in mouth opening.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyperplasia/diagnosis; Hyperplasia/pathology; Hyperplasia/surgery

Fulltext Hyperplasia of thymic gland

Lee YM, Koh MT, Omar A, Majid A

Singapore Med J, 1996 Jun;37(3):288-90.

PMID: 8942232

Hyperplasia of the thymus is the most common anterior mediastinal mass in infants. It is however exceedingly difficult to evaluate by the weight of the gland as it continues to grow after birth until puberty and thereafter undergoes progressive atrophy. It normally maintains most of the radiographic characteristics of the normal thymus. Massive thymic hyperplasia, a rare variant of true thymic hyperplasia is extremely rare during the first two decades of life and clinically can cause mediastinal compression or acute and recurrent pulmonary infection. Two such cases are reported and the clinico-pathology is briefly described and discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Thymus Hyperplasia/diagnosis*; Thymus Hyperplasia/physiopathology; Thymus Hyperplasia/surgery

Generation of a novel ex-vivo model to study re-endothelialization

Azman SS, Yazid MD, Abdul Ghani NA, Raja Sabudin RZA, Abdul Rahman MR, Sulaiman N

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2023 Dec;51(1):408-416.

PMID: 37584645 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2245456

Endothelial dysfunction initiates the pathogenesis of a myriad of cardiovascular diseases, yet the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Current model utilises mechanical denudation of arteries resulting in an arterial-injury model with onset of intimal hyperplasia (IH). Our study shows that 5 min enzymatic denudation of human umbilical artery (hUA) lumen at 37 °C efficiently denudes hUA while maintaining vessel integrity without significantly increase intima-media thickness after 7 days in culture. This ex-vivo model will be a valuable tool in understanding the mechanism of re-endothelialization prior to smooth muscle cells (SMC) activation thus placating IH at an early stage.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyperplasia/pathology

Fulltext Iris mammillations in two female siblings with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Peyman M, Ong MJ, Iqbal T, Subrayan V

BMJ Case Rep, 2010;2010.

PMID: 22802477 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.08.2010.3266

Iris mammillations are dark brown, smooth, mound- or dome-shaped protuberances that are typically found on the anterior iris surface and are presumed to be congenital in origin. This congenital anomaly is usually unilateral and can be hereditary or sporadic. Lisch nodules in neurofibromatosis, tapioca melanoma of the iris, inflammatory iris granulomata and Cogan-Reese syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis. In this case report, the authors present a case of a bilateral iris mammillations in two siblings with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). To our knowledge, this is the first case where bilateral iris mammilations have been found to be associated with a systemic condition. Iris mammillations can be considered as one of the clinical signs in CAH in view of the pathogenesis discussed. Detailed ocular examination in CAH may reveal an increased incidence.

Matched MeSH terms: Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/complications*; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/genetics*

Fulltext Prevalence of nocturnal polyuria in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Yoong HF, Sundaram MB, Aida Z

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60(3):294-6.

PMID: 16379182

Nocturia is a common symptom associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia which can persist even after effective treatment of BPH. Other causes may be responsible. We investigated a group of patients who were treated for BPH and continue to have nocturia. Our study has found a high prevalence (85.4%) of nocturnal polyuria in this group of patients. It has important clinical implication since the condition can be effectively treated with oral desmopressin. Empirical treatment without a routine frequency volume chart may be appropriate due to its high prevalence.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Hyperplasia/epidemiology*

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver

Chong KC

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):296-9.

PMID: 4278779

Matched MeSH terms: Hyperplasia/diagnosis

Fulltext The global burden of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Lee SWH, Chan EMC, Lai YK

Sci Rep, 2017 08 11;7(1):7984.

PMID: 28801563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06628-8

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common non-malignant condition among older men, but the epidemiology is poorly characterised. We summarised and determined the global prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia. A systematic search on PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL was performed up until 31st July 2016. Studies that described the epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia were included and cumulative plots of prevalence estimates were calculated. A total of 31 prevalence rate estimates from 25 countries were identified. The combined prevalence estimates showed that the lifetime prevalence of BPH was 26.2% (95% CI: 22.8-29.6%). We found that there was an increasing prevalence of BPH with age. However, we found no significant difference between (a) rural, urban or mixed sites, (b) different countries, (c) respondent representativeness. (d) sample size or (e) study quality. We also found no significant change in the prevalence over the past 20 years. While there is substantial variation between sites estimates, results suggest that nearly 1 in 4 men will suffer from BPH over their lifetime. The study revealed there are significant gaps in knowledge, which provides opportunities for future research to further enrich the epidemiological landscape with data.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Hyperplasia/epidemiology*

Calibration improves the agreement in grading oral epithelial dysplasia-Findings from a National Workshop in Malaysia

Kallarakkal TG, Zaini ZM, Ghani WMN, Karen-Ng LP, Siriwardena BSMS, Cheong SC, et al.

J Oral Pathol Med, 2024 Jan;53(1):53-60.

PMID: 38081145 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13501

INTRODUCTION: A major pitfall of many of the established oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) grading criteria is their lack of reproducibility and accuracy to predict malignant transformation. The main objective of this study was to determine whether calibration of practicing oral pathologists on OED grading could improve the reproducibility of the WHO 2017 and the binary OED grading systems.

METHODS: A nationwide online exercise was carried out to determine the influence of calibration on the reproducibility of the WHO 2017 and the binary OED grading systems.

RESULTS: A significant improvement was observed in the inter-observer agreement for the WHO 2017 OED grading system (K 0.196 vs. 0.448; Kw 0.357 vs. 0.562) after the calibration exercise. The significant difference (p = 0.027) in the level of agreement between those with five or more years and less than 5 years of experience was no more observed (p = 0.426) after the calibration exercise. The percent agreement for binary grading was significantly higher (91.8%) for buccal mucosal lesions as compared to lesions on the tongue after the calibration exercise.

CONCLUSION: This study validates the significance of calibration in improving the reproducibility of OED grading. The nationwide exercise resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the inter-observer agreement for the WHO 2017 OED grading system among a large number of oral pathologists. It is highly recommended that similar exercises should be organized periodically by professional bodies responsible for continuing education among oral pathologists to improve the reliability of OED grading for optimal treatment of oral potentially malignant disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Hyperplasia/pathology

Research on quality of life in female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and issues in developing nations

Zainuddin AA, Grover SR, Shamsuddin K, Mahdy ZA

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, 2013 Dec;26(6):296-304.

PMID: 23507003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2012.08.004

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the commonest cause of ambiguous genitalia for female newborns and is one of the conditions under the umbrella term of "Disorders of Sex Development" (DSD). Management of these patients require multidisciplinary collaboration and is challenging because there are many aspects of care, such as the most appropriate timing and extent of feminizing surgery required and attention to psychosexual, psychological, and reproductive issues, which still require attention and reconsideration, even in developed nations. In developing nations, however, additional challenges prevail: poverty, lack of education, lack of easily accessible and affordable medical care, traditional beliefs on intersex, religious, and cultural issues, as well as poor community support. There is a paucity of long-term outcome studies on DSD and CAH to inform on best management to achieve optimal outcome. In a survey conducted on 16 patients with CAH and their parents in a Malaysian tertiary center, 31.3% of patients stated poor knowledge of their condition, and 37.5% did not realize that their medications were required for life. This review on the research done on quality of life (QOL) of female patients with CAH aims: to discuss factors affecting QOL of female patients with CAH, especially in the developing population; to summarize the extant literature on the quality of life outcomes of female patients with CAH; and to offer recommendations to improve QOL outcomes in clinical practice and research.

Matched MeSH terms: Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/etiology; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/psychology*; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/therapy

Fulltext Kimura's disease in Malay patients

Shahrul H, Baharudin A, Effat O

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Aug;62(3):263-4.

PMID: 18246925 MyJurnal

Kimura's Disease (KD) is an uncommon, chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology which is endemic in Orientals. It is characterized by painless, large solitary or multiple nodules in subcutis of head and neck region or the major salivary glands, associated with regional lymphadenopathy, blood eosinophilia and elevated IgE levels. Its treatment ranging from conservative observation in asymptomatic patient to surgical resection of the mass, corticotherapy and irradiation therapy for the symptomatic ones.

Matched MeSH terms: Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia/diagnosis; Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia/physiopathology*; Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia/therapy

Fulltext Kimura's Disease: Diagnostic Challenge and Treatment Modalities

Sia KJ, Kong CK, Tan TY, Tang IP

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Dec;69(6):281-3.

PMID: 25934961

CASE REPORT: Five cases of Kimura's disease had been treated in our centre from year 2003 to 2010. All cases were presented with head and neck mass with cervical lymphadenopathy. Surgical excision was performed for all cases. Definite diagnosis was made by histopathological examination of the resected specimens. One out of five cases developed tumour recurrence four years after resection.

CONCLUSION: Surgical excision is our choice of treatment because the outcome is immediate and definite tissue diagnosis is feasible after resection. Oral corticosteroid could be considered as an option in advanced disease. However, tumour recurrence is common after cessation of steroid therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Medical therapy

Tan HM, Lei CCM

Family Physician, 1995;7:16-21.

Medical therapy is effective in patients with mild to moderate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Selective alpha-1 blockers (e.g. terazosin) and 5 alpha reductase inhibitors (e.g. finasteride) are the main drugs used. Alpha blockers reduce the dynamic component of obstruction while the later reduces the size of the prostate.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Hyperplasia

Fulltext Embozene loaded prostatic artery embolization

Ezamin Abdul Rahim, Ridzuan Abdul Rahim, Azzam Baseri Huddin, Nik Azuan Nik Ismail, Mohd Naim Mohd Yakob

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(3):313-315.

MyJurnal

Herein is a case report of a 70 years old man with a tenacious benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The aim of this manuscript is to briefly discuss the usage and advantage of EmbozeneTM Microsphere in embolization of the pros- tate arteries in the treatment of failed medical and surgical therapy for BPH.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Hyperplasia

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