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  1. Epidemiology of hydatidiform mole in Singapore
    Teoh ES, Dawood MY, Ratnam SS
    Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1971 Jun 01;110(3):415-20.
    PMID: 5104314
    Matched MeSH terms: Hydatidiform Mole/etiology
  2. Complementary role of p57kip2 immunostaining in diagnosing hydatidiform mole subtypes
    Zainal N, Kampan NC, Rose IM, Ghazali R, Shafiee MN, Yussoff NH, et al.
    Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 2021 May 21;42(3):311-316.
    PMID: 34018382 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0086
    OBJECTIVES: Gestational trophoblastic disease comprises of a spectrum of pregnancy-related tumours which includes complete (CHM) and partial hydatidiform moles (PHM). Accurate diagnosis and subclassification of HM subtypes are crucial as prognosis differs. Histopathological examination using haemotoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining remains the basis for diagnosing HM, with only 80% accuracy. p57kip2 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) protein and is strongly paternally imprinted, being expressed from maternal allele. Therefore, complete mole (CHM) with only paternal genome has nearly absent expression of p57kip2 compared to partial mole (PHM) having both paternal and maternal genomes. This study is aimed to determine usefulness of p57kip2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in the diagnosis of HM subtypes.

    METHODS: A total of 82 archived paraffin embedded HM tissues with subtypes classified based on H&E staining - 39 (47.5%) CHM, 41 (50.0%) PHM and two (2.43%) unclassified molar pregnancy were retrieved. All tissue samples were subjected for p57kip2 IHC analysis and HM subtypes were then reclassified.

    RESULTS: A total of 66 cases (80.5%) were re-classified as CHM, 14 cases (17.1%) as PHM and two cases (2.4%) were decidual and cystic tissues. Analysis using p57kip2 immunostaining showed a diagnostic discrepancy of 33.0% from routine H&E staining and helps to improve the characterisation of the HM subtypes specifically at early gestations which have less distinctive morphologies.

    CONCLUSIONS: IHC using p57kip2 monoclonal antibody should be considered as a routine ancillary test to H&E in improving the diagnosis of HM subtypes particularly in developing countries with limited resources.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hydatidiform Mole/etiology
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