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Abiotic and biotic factors controlling sexual reproduction in populations of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Bacillariophyceae)

Kim JH, Ajani PA, Murray SA, Kang SM, Kim SH, Lim HC, et al.

Harmful Algae, 2023 Mar;123:102392.
PMID: 36894213 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102392

Pseudo-nitzschia pungens is a widely distributed marine pennate diatom. Hybrid zones, regions in which two different genotypes may interbreed, are important areas for speciation and ecology, and have been reported across the globe for this species. However, sexual reproduction between differing clades in the natural environment is yet to be observed and is difficult to predict. Here we carried out experiments using two mono-clonal cultures of P. pungens from different genotypes to measure the frequency and timing of sexual reproduction across varying biotic (growth phases and cell activity potential) and abiotic conditions (nutrients, light, turbulence). We found the mating rates and number of zygotes gradually decreased from exponential to late stationary growth phases. The maximum zygote abundance observed was 1,390 cells mL-1 and the maximum mating rate was 7.1%, both which occurred during the exponential growth phase. Conversely, only 9 cells mL-1 and a maximum mating rate of 0.1% was observed during the late stationary phase. We also found the higher the relative potential cell activity (rPCA) in parent cells, as determined by the concentration of chlorophyll a per cell and the ratio of colony formation during parent cultivations, revealed higher mating rates. Furthermore, sexual events were reduced under nutrient enrichment conditions, and mating pairs and zygotes were not formed under aphotic (dark) or shaking culture conditions (150 rpm). In order to understand the sexual reproduction of Pseudo-nitzschia in the natural environment, our results highlight that it is most likely the combination of both biotic (growth phase, Chl. a content) and abiotic factors (nutrients, light, turbulence) that will determine the successful union of intraspecific populations of P. pungens in any given region.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Fulltext Primordial initiation, yield and yield component traits of two genotypes of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) as affected by various rates of lime

Chukwu SC, Ibeji CA, Ogbu C, Oselebe HO, Okporie EO, Rafii MY, et al.

Sci Rep, 2022 Nov 09;12(1):19054.
PMID: 36351926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16833-9

Mushrooms are fleshy fungi valued globally for their nutritional and medical benefits. The study was conducted at Ebonyi State University Mushroom Center, Abakaliki, to determine an optimum level of limestone (CaCO3) on the genotypes for maximum growth and yield. The experiment was carried out as a split-plot experiment in a completely randomized design (CRD) with the use of Oyster mushroom variety. The two genotypes (GI and GII) were placed in the whole plot while limestone was placed in the sub-plot which consisted of five rates of CaCO3(Og,5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g). Sawdust and rice husk substrates were used at the ratio of 60:40 and sterilized for six hours at 121 °C using the steam sterilization cylinder. The media bags were off-loaded after one day and allowed to further cool for another day before inoculation. The cultured spawn was used to inoculate the media upon cooling at room temperature. Data were collected on agro-morphological parameters such as primordial initiation, stalk height, stalk diameter, number of branches, number of fruits, number of productive bags, fresh and dry weights, and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result obtained indicated that there was a significant difference (P 0.05) in all parameters evaluated except the stalk diameter. Genotype I initiated more primordial compared to primordial initiation in genotype II and they differed significantly (p

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Fulltext Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of Dengue virus type-1 and 2 isolated in Malaysia

Chew MH, Rahman MM, Hussin S

Pak J Med Sci, 2015;31(3):615-20.
PMID: 26150855 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.313.6340

Detection of different serotypes of dengue virus and provide information on origin, distribution and genotype of the virus.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Fulltext Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Polymorphism and Aphasia after Stroke

Lee NT, Ahmedy F, Mohamad Hashim N, Yin KN, Chin KL

Behav Neurol, 2021;2021:8887012.
PMID: 34367374 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8887012

Stroke is one of the most deliberating causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Studies have implicated Val66Met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene as a genetic factor influencing stroke recovery. Still, the role of BDNF polymorphism in poststroke aphasia is relatively unclear. This review assesses the recent evidence on the association between the BDNF polymorphism and aphasia recovery in poststroke patients. The article highlights BNDF polymorphism characteristics, speech and language interventions delivered, and the influence of BNDF polymorphism on poststroke aphasia recovery. We conducted a literature search through PubMed and Google Scholar with the following terms: "brain derived-neurotrophic factor" and "aphasia" for original articles from January 2000 until June 2020. Out of 69 search results, a detailed selection process produced a total of 3 articles that met the eligibility criteria. All three studies included Val66Met polymorphism as the studied human BDNF gene. One of the studies demonstrated insufficient evidence to conclude that BDNF polymorphism plays a role in poststroke aphasia recovery. The remaining two studies have shown that Met allele genotype (either single or double nucleotides) was associated with poor aphasia recovery, in either acute or chronic stroke. Carriers of the Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF gave a poorer response to aphasia intervention and presented with more severe aphasia.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Yunnanosticta gen. nov., from Yunnan, a new genus from the Sinostictinae, with the description of two new species (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae)

Dow RA, Zhang HM

Zootaxa, 2018 Jan 25;4375(4):567-577.
PMID: 29690088 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.4.6

Yunnanosticta gen. nov. in the platystictid subfamily Sinostictinae is described from Yunnan, China. The genotype is Yunnanosticta wilsoni sp. nov., described here (holotype ♂ from Tongbiguan, Yingjiang County, Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China, 23 vi 2015, leg. H.M. Zhang, to be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London). Yunnanosticta cyaneocollaris sp. nov. (holotype ♂ from Tongbiguan, Yingjiang County, Dehong Dai Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China, 23 vi 2015, leg. H.M. Zhang, to be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London) is also described.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Fulltext Hereditary analysis and genotype × environment interaction effects on growth and yield components of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) over multi-environments

Khan MMH, Rafii MY, Ramlee SI, Jusoh M, Al Mamun M

Sci Rep, 2022 09 19;12(1):15658.
PMID: 36123374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19003-z

This investigation was carried out to explore G × E interaction for yield and its associated attributes in 30 Bambara groundnut genotypes across four environments in tropical Malaysia. Such evaluations are essential when the breeding program's objective is to choose genotypes with broad adaption and yield potential. Studies of trait relationships, variance components, mean performance, and genetic linkage are needed by breeders when designing, evaluating, and developing selection criteria for improving desired characteristics in breeding programs. The evaluation of breeding lines of Bambara groundnut for high yield across a wide range of environments is important for long-term production and food security. Each site's experiment employed a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data on vegetative and yield component attributes were recorded. The analysis of variance revealed that there were highly significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences among the 30 genotypes for all variables evaluated. A highly significant and positive correlation was identified between yield per hectare and dry seed weight (0.940), hundred seed weight (0.844), fresh pod weight (0.832), and total pod weight (0.750); the estimated correlation between dry weight of pods and seed yield was 1.0. The environment was more important than genotype and G × E in determining yield and yield components.A total of 49% variation is covered by PC1 (33.9%) and PC2 (15.1%) and the genotypes formed five distinct clusters based on Ward hierarchical clustering (WHC) method. The genotypes S5G1, S5G3, S5G5, S5G6, S5G8, S5G7, S5G2, S5G4, S5G10, S5G13, S5G11, and S5G14 of clusters I, II, and III were closest to the ideal genotype with superior yield across the environments. The PCA variable loadings revealed that an index based on dry pod weight, hundred seed weight, number of total pods and fresh pod weight could be used as a selection criteria to improve seed yield of Bambara groundnut.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Fulltext Genotypic and Phenotypic Relationship among Yield Components in Rice under Tropical Conditions

Oladosu Y, Rafii MY, Magaji U, Abdullah N, Miah G, Chukwu SC, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2018;2018:8936767.
PMID: 30105259 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8936767

The associations among yield-related traits and the pattern of influence on rice grain yield were investigated. This evaluation is important to determine the direct and indirect effects of various traits on yield to determine selection criteria for higher grain yield. Fifteen rice genotypes were evaluated under tropical condition at five locations in two planting seasons. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications across the locations. Data were collected on vegetative and yield components traits. The pooled data based on the analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.001) among the fifteen genotypes for all the characters studied except for panicle length and 100-grain weight. Highly significant and positive correlations at phenotypic level were observed in grain weight per hill (0.796), filled grains per panicle (0.702), panicles per hill (0.632), and tillers per hill (0.712) with yield per hectare, while moderate positive correlations were observed in flag leaf length to width ratio (0.348), days to flowering (0.412), and days to maturity (0.544). By contrast, unfilled grains per panicle (-0.225) and plant height (-0.342) had a negative significant association with yield per hectare. Filled grains per panicle (0.491) exhibited the maximum positive direct effect on yield followed by grain weight per hill (0.449), while unfilled grain per panicle (-0.144) had a negative direct effect. The maximum indirect effect on yield per hectare was recorded by the tillers per hill through the panicles per hill. Therefore, tillers per hill, filled grains per panicle, and grain weight per hill could be used as selection criteria for improving grain yield in rice.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype*
Fulltext Emergence of non-classical genotype constellations of G9P[8] rotavirus strains in diarrheic children in Sabah, Malaysia

Fong SY, Akari Y, Amit LN, John JL, Chin AZ, Komoto S, et al.

Infect Genet Evol, 2024 Nov;125:105685.
PMID: 39461399 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105685

G9P[8] has been the predominant rotavirus A (RVA) genotype in Malaysia since the 2000s. However, the overall genetic makeup and evolution of Malaysian G9P[8] strains are still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and characterize the complete genomes of three G9P[8] RVA strains isolated from diarrheic children under five years old in Sabah. Contrary to the classical Wa-like constellation, these strains contained a DS-1-like genotype. Two strains, namely L202 and L234, were genotype G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1, while one (KN102) was genotype G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A2-N1-T1-E1-H1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NSP4 genes of L202 and L234 strains were closer to that of G9P[8]-E2 strains from Japan, suggesting they might share a common ancestor. The findings from this study provide new insights into the genetic characteristics of circulating G9P[8] strains in Sabah, which are important for rotavirus surveillance and potential vaccine development in the region.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype*
Fulltext Molecular basis of Rh blood group system in the Malaysian population

Musa RH, Muhamad NA, Hassan A, Ayob Y, Yusoff NM

Asian J Transfus Sci, 2015 Jan-Jun;9(1):48-54.
PMID: 25722573 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6247.150951

Rh molecular studies have been previously mainly conducted in Caucasians and African population. There is a limited data on the molecular basis for Rh genotypes among Asians.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Comparative analysis of statistical tools for oil palm phytochemical research

Ishak NA, Tahir NI, Mohd Sa'id SN, Gopal K, Othman A, Ramli US

Heliyon, 2021 Feb;7(2):e06048.
PMID: 33553773 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06048

Recent advances in phytochemical analysis have allowed the accumulation of data for crop researchers due to its capacity to footprint and distinguish metabolites that are present within an organisms, tissues or cells. Apart from genotypic traits, slight changes either by biotic or abiotic stimuli will have significant impact on the metabolite abundances and will eventually be observed through physicochemical characteristics. Apposite data mining to interpret the mounds of phytochemical information from such a dynamic system is thus incumbent. In this investigation, several statistical software platforms ranging from exploratory and confirmatory technique of multivariate data analysis from four different statistical tools of COVAIN, SIMCA-P+, MetaboAnalyst and RIKEN Excel Macro were appraised using an oil palm phytochemical data set. As different software tool encompasses its own advantages and limitations, the insights gained from this assessment were documented to enlighten several aspects of functions and suitability for the adaptation of the tools into the oil palm phytochemistry pipeline. This comparative analysis will certainly provide scientists with salient notes on data assessment and data mining that will later allow the depiction of the overall oil palm status in-situ and ex-situ.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Integration of environmental metabolomics and physiological approach for evaluation of saline pollution to rice plant

Ma NL, Lam SD, Che Lah WA, Ahmad A, Rinklebe J, Sonne C, et al.

Environ Pollut, 2021 Oct 01;286:117214.
PMID: 33971466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117214

Salinisation of soil is associated with urban pollution, industrial development and rising sea level. Understanding how high salinity is managed at the plant cellular level is vital to increase sustainable farming output. Previous studies focus on plant stress responses under salinity tolerance. Yet, there is limited knowledge about the mechanisms involved from stress state until the recovery state; our research aims to close this gap. By using the most tolerance genotype (SS1-14) and the most susceptible genotype (SS2-18), comparative physiological, metabolome and post-harvest assessments were performed to identify the underlying mechanisms for salinity stress recovery in plant cells. The up-regulation of glutamine, asparagine and malonic acid were found in recovered-tolerant genotype, suggesting a role in the regulation of panicle branching and spikelet formation for survival. Rice could survive up to 150 mM NaCl (∼15 ds/m) with declined of production rate 5-20% ranged from tolerance to susceptible genotype. This show that rice farming may still be viable on the high saline affected area with the right selection of salt-tolerant species, including glycophytes. The salt recovery biomarkers identified in this study and the adaption underlined could be empowered to address salinity problem in rice field.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Fulltext Rapid Generation of a Recombinant Genotype VIII Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Using Full-Length Synthetic cDNA

Murulitharan K, Yusoff K, Omar AR, Peeters BPH, Molouki A

Curr Microbiol, 2021 Apr;78(4):1458-1465.
PMID: 33660046 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02421-z

Rescue of (-)ssRNA viruses involves the sequential assembly and cloning of the full-length cDNA, which is often a challenging and time-consuming process. The objective of this study was to develop a novel method to rapidly clone the full-length cDNA of a very virulent NDV by only one assembly step. A completely synthetic 15 kb cDNA of a Malaysian genotype VIII NDV known as strain AF2240-I with additional flanking BsmBI sites was synthesised. However, to completely follow the rule-of-six, the additional G residues that are traditionally added after the T7 promoter transcription initiation site were not synthesised. The synthetic fragment was then cloned into low-copy number transcription vector pOLTV5-phiX between the T7 promoter and HDV Rz sequences through digestion with BbsI. The construct was co-transfected with helper plasmids into BSRT7/5 cells. A recombinant NDV called rAF was successfully rescued using transfection supernatant harvested as early as 16 h post-transfection. Virus from each passage showed an intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and a mean death time (MDT) similar to the parent strain AF2240-I. Moreover, rAF possessed an introduced mutation which was maintained for several passages. The entire rescue using the one-step assembly procedure was completed within a few weeks, which is extremely fast compared to previously used methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
First Complete Genome Sequence of a Chikungunya Virus Strain Isolated from a Patient Diagnosed with Dengue Virus Infection in Malaysia

Ooi MK, Gan HM, Rohani A, Syed Hassan S

Genome Announc, 2016;4(4).
PMID: 27563048 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00876-16

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a chikungunya virus coinfection strain isolated from a dengue virus serotype 2-infected patient in Malaysia. This coinfection strain was determined to be of the Asian genotype and contains a novel insertion in the nsP3 gene.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Fulltext A case of Familial Phaechromocytoma- was it?

Siti Yazmin Zahari Sham, Nor Aini Umar, Khalidah Mazlan

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2015;11(2):85-88.
MyJurnal

With advancement in genetic studies, familial phaeochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL)
are increasingly being recognized. Characteristically, correlations exist between genotypes and clinical
and biochemical phenotypes. We report a phaeochromocytoma in a young patient with intriguing family
histories, raising the possibility of his being a familial case.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
The association of polymorphisms of β-adrenergic receptors genes with the low triiodothyronine syndrome in patients with a heart failure

Pyvovar SM, Rudyk IS, Kopytsya MP, Lozyk TV, Galchinskaya VY, Bondar TM

Pol Merkur Lekarski, 2019 Nov 29;47(281):170-176.
PMID: 31812970

The course of heart failure (HF) and its progression is associated with comorbidities, genetic factors and a dynamics of a number of biomarkers. The low triiodothyronine syndrome (LT3S) is observed in some patients with HF. Extremely little data are available in the literature regarding the effect of β-adrenoreceptors (β-AR) genes polymorphisms on the development of LT3S and many contradictory results about their association with HF course. This encourages new research in this area.
AIM: The aim of study was to evaluate the relationship of β-adrenergic receptors gene polymorphisms with low triiodothyronine syndrome in patients with a heart failure.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 354 patients with HF on a background of postinfarction cardiosclerosis were included to the study. At 89 (25.1%) patients LT3S was diagnosed. The course of HF was studied for 2 years. Mean levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3f and T4f were evaluated. Genotyping of 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (Gly389Arg of β1-AR gene, Ser49Gly of β1-AR gene, Gln27Glu of β2- AR gene and Ser275 of GNβ3 gene) was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Genetic and epidemiological analysis was performed using the SNPStats program.
RESULTS: The risk of LT3S in patients with HF increases with homozygous G/G variant of Gln27Glu polymorphism of the β2-AR gene (OR=2.21, p=0.037), described as a recessive model of inheritance. There was a tendency to increase the risk of LT3S development in the presence of the genotype C/T of the Ser275 polymorphism of the GNb3 gene (OR=1.75, p=0.054), described as an over-dominant model. The genotype C/G of the Gln27Glu polymorphism of the β2-AR gene was associated with a decreased risk of LT3S development (OR=0.54, p=0.037), described as over-dominant model. Patients with HF carriers the A allele (A/GA/A) of the Ser49Gly polymorphism of the β1-AR gene have a lower risk of repeated hospitalization due to HF decompensation (OR=0.50, p=0.032), described as a dominant model. There was a tendency to increase the risk of re-hospitalization in the G-allele (C/GG/ G) variant of the Gln27Glu polymorphism of the β2-AR gene (OR=1.68, p=0.057), described as a dominant heredity model. At patients with HF in combination with LT3S the risk of re-hospitalization increases at C/G variant of the Gln27Glu polymorphism of β2-AR gene (OR=1.25, p=0.025), described as an over-dominant model.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that congenital genetic alterations in β-adrenergic pathways may be associated with the development of LT3S in patients with HF and the features of the HF course.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Grain quality performance and heritability estimation in selected F1 rice genotypes

Rafii M, Zakiah M, Asfaliza R, Iffah Haifaa M, Latif M, Malek M

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1-7.

A total of 17 rice genotypes consisted of 12 F1 progenies and five parental lines were evaluated for performance of grain qualities, yield and yield components and vegetative traits at the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Research Station in Seberang Perai, Penang. Except grain length, all other grain quality characters, yield components and vegetative traits varied significantly among the genotypes. Among the studied characters, the highest heritability value was observed in plant height with 99.75% followed by panicle length having 96.90% and grain shape with 56.70% which could be successfully inherited to the next generations. The rest of the traits had low heritability values and ranged from 20.24 to 35.88%. This indicates that the characters are mainly influenced by environmental factors such as geographical effects and climate. However, in the quantitative traits such as grain qualities and yield components, they are usually difficult to inherit to the next generation due to low heritability values. The combinations of Q76 and MR84 had the highest in amylose content while Q76 and MRQ74 had the lowest. Several selected F1 indica rice genotypes from this evaluation are useful for future breeding programme and biotechnological research for the improvement of valuable grain quality traits.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Aluminum Microcomb Electrodes on Silicon Wafer for Detecting Val66Met Polymorphism in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Li Z, Cui L, Zhao H, Du J, Gopinath SCB, Lakshmipriya T, et al.

Dev Neurosci, 2021;43(1):53-62.
PMID: 33849012 DOI: 10.1159/000515197

OBJECTIVE: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dysregulation is widely related with various psychiatric and neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, Rett syndrome, and addiction, and the available evidence suggests that BDNF is also highly correlated with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
METHODS: The BDNF target sequence was detected on a capture probe attached on aluminum microcomb electrodes on the silicon wafer surface. A capture-target-reporter sandwich-type assay was performed to enhance the detection of the BDNF target.
RESULTS: The limit of detection was noticed to be 100 aM. Input of a reporter sequence at concentrations >10 aM improved the detection of the target sequence by enhancing changes in the generated currents. Control experiments with noncomplementary and single- and triple-mismatches of target and reporter sequences did not elicit changes in current levels, indicating the selective detection of the BDNF gene sequence.
CONCLUSION: The above detection strategy will be useful for the detection and quantification of BDNF, thereby aiding in the provision of suitable treatments for BDNF-related disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Fulltext Increased yield performance of mutation induced Soybean genotypes at varied agro-ecological conditions

Bhuiyan MSH, Malek MA, Emon RM, Khatun MK, Khandaker MM, Alam MA

Braz J Biol, 2022;84:e255235.
PMID: 35019108 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.255235

In soybean breeding program, continuous selection pressure on traits response to yield created a genetic bottleneck for improvements of soybean through hybridization breeding technique. Therefore an initiative was taken to developed high yielding soybean variety applying mutation breeding techniques at Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh. Locally available popular cultivar BARI Soybean-5 was used as a parent material and subjected to five different doses of Gamma ray using Co60. In respect to seed yield and yield attributing characters, twelve true breed mutants were selected from M4 generation. High values of heritability and genetic advance with high genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for plant height, branch number and pod number were considered as favorable attributes for soybean improvement that ensure expected yield. The mutant SBM-18 obtained from 250Gy provided stable yield performance at diversified environments. It provided maximum seed yield of 3056 kg ha-1 with highest number of pods plant-1 (56). The National Seed Board of Bangladesh (NSB) eventually approved SBM-18 and registered it as a new soybean variety named 'Binasoybean-5' for large-scale planting because of its superior stability in various agro-ecological zones and consistent yield performance.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
Fulltext Study of Hepatitis C Virus Infection at a Tertiary Hospital: Genotyping, risk factors and comorbidities

AR Siti Nurul Fazlin, H Hairul Aini, HM Hadzri, MM Mohammed Imad

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(1):11-20.
MyJurnal

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping is very important for the clinical management of HCV-infected patients. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes of HCV-infected patients and to identify their risk factors and comorbidities.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype
KIR genotype and haplotype frequencies in the multi-ethnic population of Malaysia

Kevin-Tey WF, Wen WX, Bee PC, Eng HS, Ho KW, Tan SM, et al.

Hum Immunol, 2023 Mar;84(3):172-185.
PMID: 36517321 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.11.006

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genotype and haplotype frequencies have been reported to vary distinctly between populations, which in turn contributes to variation in the alloreactivity of natural killer (NK) cells. Utilizing the diverse KIR genes to identify suitable transplant donors would prove challenging in multi-ethnic countries, even more in resource-limited countries where KIR genotyping has not been established. In this study, we determined the KIR genotypes from 124 unrelated Malaysians consisting of the Malays, Chinese, Indians, and aboriginal people through polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) genotyping and employing an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to assign haplotypes based on pre-established reference haplotypes. A total of 27 distinct KIR haplotypes were discerned with higher frequencies of haplotype A (55.2%) than haplotype B (44.8%). The most frequent haplotypes were cA01:tA01 (55.2%), cB01:tB01 (18.1%), and cB02:tA01 (13.3%), while the least frequent haplotypes were cB03:tB01 (1.2%), cB04:tB03 (0.4%), and cB03:tA01 (0.4%). Several haplotypes were identified to be unique to a specific ethnic group. The genotype with the highest frequency was genotype AB (71.8%), followed by AA (19.4%), and BB (8.9%). The Indians exhibited the lowest genotype AA but the highest genotype BB, whereas genotype BB was absent in the aboriginal people. Despite the limitations, the genotype and haplotypes in the Malaysian population were successfully highlighted. The identification of ethnic-specific KIR genotypes and haplotypes provides the first step to utilizing KIR in identifying suitable transplant donors to further improve the transplant outcome in the Malaysian population.

Matched MeSH terms: Genotype

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