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Redescription of Chironomus javanus and Chironomus kiiensis (Diptera: Chironomidae) Larvae and Adults Collected from a Rice Field in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Al-Shami SA, Rawi CS, Ahmad AH, Nor SA

Trop Life Sci Res, 2012 May;23(1):77-86.
PMID: 24575227

Chironomus javanus (Kieffer) and Chironomus kiiensis Tokunaga were redescribed from materials collected from a rice field in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. The larvae can only be distinguished after careful preparation and examination using a compound microscope, but the pupae were not useful to differentiate C. javanus from C. kiiensis. The adult specimens showed clear body and wing characteristics for rapid and accurate identification.

Matched MeSH terms: Forelimb
Fulltext Morphological and mechanical properties of flexible resilin joints on damselfly wings (Rhinocypha spp.)

Mamat-Noorhidayah, Yazawa K, Numata K, Norma-Rashid Y

PLoS One, 2018;13(3):e0193147.
PMID: 29513694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193147

Resilin functions as an elastic spring that demonstrates extraordinary extensibility and elasticity. Here we use combined techniques, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to illuminate the structure and study the function of wing flexibility in damselflies, focusing on the genus Rhinocypha. Morphological studies using LSCM and SEM revealed that resilin patches and cuticular spikes were widespread along the longitudinal veins on both dorsal and ventral wing surfaces. Nanoindentation was performed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), where the wing samples were divided into three sections (membrane of the wing, mobile and immobile joints). The resulting topographic images revealed the presence of various sizes of nanostructures for all sample sections. The elasticity range values were: membrane (0.04 to 0.16 GPa), mobile joint (1.1 to 2.0 GPa) and immobile joint (1.8 to 6.0 GPa). The elastomeric and glycine-rich biopolymer, resilin was shown to be an important protein responsible for the elasticity and wing flexibility.

Matched MeSH terms: Forelimb/blood supply; Forelimb/metabolism; Forelimb/physiology*
The early development of medial coronoid disease in growing Labrador retrievers: radiographic, computed tomographic, necropsy and micro-computed tomographic findings

Lau SF, Wolschrijn CF, Hazewinkel HA, Siebelt M, Voorhout G

Vet J, 2013 Sep;197(3):724-30.
PMID: 23702281 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.04.002

Medial coronoid disease (MCD) encompasses lesions of the entire medial coronoid process (MCP), both of the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone. To detect the earliest signs of MCD, radiography and computed tomography were used to monitor the development of MCD in 14 Labrador retrievers, from 6 to 7 weeks of age until euthanasia. The definitive diagnosis of MCD was based on necropsy and micro-computed tomography findings. The frequency of MCD in the dogs studied was 50%. Radiographic findings did not provide evidence of MCD, ulnar subtrochlear sclerosis or blunting of the cranial edge of the MCP. Computed tomography was more sensitive (30.8%) than radiography (0%) in detecting early MCD, with the earliest signs detectable at 14 weeks of age. A combination of the necropsy and micro-computed tomography findings of the MCP showed that MCD was manifested as a lesion of only the subchondral bone in dogs <18 weeks of age. In all dogs (affected and unaffected), there was close contact between the base of the MCP and the proximal radial head in the congruent joints. Computed tomography and micro-computed tomography findings indicated that the lesions of MCD probably originated at the base of the MCP.

Matched MeSH terms: Forelimb/pathology*; Forelimb/radiography
In vitro comparison of linear vs triangular screw configuration to stabilize complete uniarticular parasagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx in horses

Labens R, Khairuddin NH, Murray M, Jermyn K, Ahmad RS

Vet Surg, 2019 Jan;48(1):96-104.
PMID: 30403407 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13123

OBJECTIVE: To assess fracture gap reduction and stability of linear vs triangular 4.5-mm lag screw repair of experimental, uniarticular, and complete forelimb proximal phalanx (P1) fractures.
STUDY DESIGN: Experimental.
SAMPLE POPULATION: Fourteen equine cadaver limbs/horses.
METHODS: Simulated fractures were repaired with 2 lag screws under 4-Nm insertion torque (linear repair). Computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed with the leg unloaded and loaded to forces generated while walking. The fracture repair was revised to include 3 lag screws placed with the same insertion torque (triangular repair) prior to CT. The width of the fracture gap was assessed qualitatively by 2 observers and graded on the basis of gap measurements relative to the average voxel size at dorsal, mid, and palmar P1 sites. Interobserver agreement was assessed with Cohen's κ. The effect of repair type, loading condition, and measurement site on fracture gap grades was evaluated by using Kendall's τ-b correlation coefficients and paired nonparametric tests. Significance was set at P ≤ .05.
RESULTS: Agreement between loading and fracture gap widening was fair in triangular (κ = 0.53) and excellent in linear (κ = 0.81) repairs. Loading resulted in fracture gap distraction in linear repairs (Plinear = .008). Triangular repairs reduced fractures better irrespective of loading (Punloaded = .003; Ploaded

Matched MeSH terms: Forelimb/injuries; Forelimb/surgery
Fulltext Lameness cases in cattle reported to the University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia from 2013 to 2017

Ramanoon, S.Z., Sadiq, M.B., Noor Maisara Abdul Razak, Mansor, R., Syed-Hussain, S.S., Shaik Mossadeq, W.M.

Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2018;30(1):1-6.
MyJurnal

This study was designed to characterise the lameness cases in cattle reported to the University Veterinary Hospital (UVH) of
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor. Medical records from 2013 to 2017 were reviewed and 136 cases of cattle
diagnosed as lameness were retrieved. Information concerning signalment, location of lesions, and cause of lameness was analysed.
Majority of the cases were reported in dairy (77%) compared with beef cattle (23%) with 73% being under semi-intensive
management system. Foot lesions accounted for about 51% of cases, while lesions were more on the hindlimbs than the forelimbs
(p0.05) between foot
lesions categorised either as infectious or non-infectious causes. A higher proportion (p

Matched MeSH terms: Forelimb
Incidental Trifid Median Nerve Unveiled in a Lactating Mother

Siddiq MAB, Hossain Parash MT

Cureus, 2019 Sep 30;11(9):e5809.
PMID: 31728251 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5809

Several anatomical variations concerning the median nerve have surfaced in the medical literature. Among them, bifid median nerve or median nerve bifurcation with or without persistent median artery has been widely reported. Sporadic case reports describe median nerve trifurcation (trifid median nerve) as well. In the present report, we describe carpal tunnel syndrome manifestations in association with trifid median nerve unveiled incidentally under high-frequency musculoskeletal ultrasonogram in a lactating mother-a first in the medical literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Forelimb
Delayed endochondral ossification in early medial coronoid disease (MCD): a morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation in growing Labrador retrievers

Lau SF, Hazewinkel HA, Grinwis GC, Wolschrijn CF, Siebelt M, Vernooij JC, et al.

Vet J, 2013 Sep;197(3):731-8.
PMID: 23746870 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.04.021

Medial coronoid disease (MCD) is a common joint disease of dogs. It has a multifactorial aetiology, but the relationship between known causal factors and the disease has yet to be elucidated. As most of the published literature is clinical and it reports changes associated with advanced disease, it is not known whether the changes reflect the cause or consequences of the condition. The aim of this study was to investigate early micromorphological changes occurring in articular cartilage and to describe the postnatal development of the medial coronoid process (MCP) before MCD develops. Three litters of MCD-prone young Labrador retrievers were purpose-bred from a dam and two sires with MCD. Comparisons of the micromorphological appearance of the MCP in MCD-negative and MCD-positive joints demonstrated that MCD was initially associated with a disturbance of endochondral ossification, namely a delay in the calcification of the calcifying zone, without concurrent abnormalities in the superficial layers of the joint cartilage. Cartilage canals containing patent blood vessels were only detected in dogs <12 weeks old, but the role of these channels in impaired ossification requires further investigation. Retained hyaline cartilage might ossify as the disease progresses, but weak areas can develop into cracks between the retained cartilage and the subchondral bone, leading to cleft formation and fragmentation of the MCP.

Matched MeSH terms: Forelimb/pathology*
Radiographic and computed tomographic assessment of the development of the antebrachia and elbow joints in Labrador Retrievers with and without medial coronoid disease

Lau SF, Hazewinkel HA, Voorhout G

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 2015;28(3):186-92.
PMID: 25804656 DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-14-09-0144

To compare the development, monitored by radiography and computed tomography, of the antebrachia and elbow joints in seven Labrador Retrievers with healthy elbow joints and in seven Labrador Retrievers that developed medial coronoid disease (MCD), in order to determine whether disturbances in the development of the antebrachia and elbow joints, between the age of six and 17 weeks may lead to medial coronoid disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Forelimb/pathology; Forelimb/radiography*
Fulltext Lesson learnt: first reported case of complicated cutaneous pythiosis in a dog in Malaysia

Omar, S., Mohd Zainudin, N.A.I., Azman, N., Jessie-Bay, J.X.

Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2019;31(1):34-37.
MyJurnal

This report documents a case of 5-month old intact male German Shepherd dog diagnosed with pythiosis on its left forelimb. This is the first ever reported case of pythiosis presented at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UVH), Universiti Putra Malaysia and may be the first ever reported incidence in Malaysia with a complaint of a chronic non-healing wound. The case became complicated as the dog was concurrently infected with a mixed bacterial infection and the identified bacteria were resistant towards a number of antibiotics tested. The antibiotic that was determined to be sensitive was only able to act on certain bacteria and not to the others. The journey of getting to the final diagnosis was almost impossible if we had not tried different media preparation: with and without Dermasel supplement; and through molecular approach using amplification at ITS region followed by DNA sequence analysis. The unwarranted lack during the diagnosis process of this incidence has made us more aware of the presence of Pythium insidiosum in Malaysia and plan for a more strategize ways of diagnosing the suspected fungus at laboratory setting in future. The objective of this paper is to share our experience and reflection on the diagnosis of the rare incidence of pythiosis present in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Forelimb
Fulltext Muscle Fatigue in the Three Heads of the Triceps Brachii During a Controlled Forceful Hand Grip Task with Full Elbow Extension Using Surface Electromyography

Ali A, Sundaraj K, Badlishah Ahmad R, Ahamed NU, Islam A, Sundaraj S

J Hum Kinet, 2015 Jun 27;46:69-76.
PMID: 26240650 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0035

The objective of the present study was to investigate the time to fatigue and compare the fatiguing condition among the three heads of the triceps brachii muscle using surface electromyography during an isometric contraction of a controlled forceful hand grip task with full elbow extension. Eighteen healthy subjects concurrently performed a single 90 s isometric contraction of a controlled forceful hand grip task and full elbow extension. Surface electromyographic signals from the lateral, long and medial heads of the triceps brachii muscle were recorded during the task for each subject. The changes in muscle activity among the three heads of triceps brachii were measured by the root mean square values for every 5 s period throughout the total contraction period. The root mean square values were then analysed to determine the fatiguing condition for the heads of triceps brachii muscle. Muscle fatigue in the long, lateral, and medial heads of the triceps brachii started at 40 s, 50 s, and 65 s during the prolonged contraction, respectively. The highest fatiguing rate was observed in the long head (slope = -2.863), followed by the medial head (slope = -2.412) and the lateral head (slope = -1.877) of the triceps brachii muscle. The results of the present study concurs with previous findings that the three heads of the triceps brachii muscle do not work as a single unit, and the fiber type/composition is different among the three heads.

Matched MeSH terms: Forelimb
Fulltext Melioidosis: a localised osteomyelitis in a cat

Lim, M.L., Ismail, S.S., Rahman, N., Watanabe, M.

Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2015;27(1):24-26.
MyJurnal

Melioidosis is a zoonotic disease as a result of infection by Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is of significant public health
concern due to its ubiquitous nature with high morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. In cats, the disease is usually reported
with abscess formation in lung, liver and spleen, however, isolated articular melioidosis is rare. A 1-year-old, a female Domestic
Shorthair cat was presented to University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UVH-UPM) with swollen right elbow and
non weight bearing lameness of the right forelimb. Physical examination revealed pyrexia, soft tissue swelling and pain upon
palpation of the right elbow joint. Radiographs of the right forelimb revealed osteolysis at the distal third of the humerus and
proximal radius and ulna, cortical thinning at the olecranon and soft tissue swelling around the elbow joint. Bacterial culture of the
joint fluid revealed positive growth for Burkholderia pseudomallei. Unfortunately, the owner opted to euthanise the cat citing
personal reasons. Upon necropsy, there was presence of multiple caseous nodules within the right elbow joint cavity only and none
of the other limbs, lung, spleen and liver was affected. It is important for veterinarian to be aware of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis
form of melioidosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Forelimb