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Fulltext Chronic discharging ear in a child: are we missing something?

Dutta M, Ghatak S, Biswas G

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Aug;68(4):368-71.
PMID: 24145273

Chronic discharging ear, mostly due to middle or external ear infection, is one of the leading causes for seeking healthcare among the paediatric population in a developing country. However, a long-standing forgotten middle ear foreign body forms a rare cause for such presentation demanding a high index of suspicion from the clinicians. Most of them are iatrogenic or accidental, and are removed by conventional permeatal approach; need for tympanotomy is rarely documented in the recent literature. We report the first case where a large stone was introduced into the middle ear through a pre-existing tympanic membrane perforation by the child himself, and only the second documentation of removal of a middle ear foreign body by tympanotomy in a child.

Matched MeSH terms: Foreign Bodies/epidemiology
Fulltext Ear foreign body: tackling the uncommons

Irfan M

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):352.
PMID: 23082438
Matched MeSH terms: Foreign Bodies/epidemiology*
Fulltext Review of ear, nose and throat foreign bodies in Sarawak General Hospital. A five year experience

Chiun KC, Tang IP, Tan TY, Jong DE

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):17-20.
PMID: 22582543

OBJECTIVE: Ear, nose and throat foreign bodies are common in ENT clinical practice. This study was designed to establish the local data of otorhinolaryngeal foreign bodies in term of prevalence among paediatric and adult groups, the clinical features, types of foreign body at different sites, and laterality of foreign bodies.
METHOD: This study was carried out at ENT department, Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia, from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2009. A total of 1084 cases were included and statistically analyzed.
RESULT: Ear foreign bodies showed the highest incidence which was consisted of 480 (44.3%) cases, followed by nose in 270 (24.9%) cases, pharynx in 251 (23.2%) cases, esophagus in 57 (5.3%) cases and laryngo-tracheobronchial tree in 26 (2.4%) cases. Otorhinolaryngeal foreign bodies occurred more frequently in 0-10 year old age group which constituted 651 (60.1%) cases. The descending order of frequency for foreign body sites in adult was pharynx (17.2%), ear (12.8%), esophagus (3.1%), nose (1.7%) and laryngo-tracheobronchial tree (1.1%). The type of foreign bodies varies with age group and site of foreign body lodgement. In general, common foreign bodies in both adult and children were food related, with the additional of small objects such as plastic toy in paediatric group.
CONCLUSION: Otorhinolaryngeal foreign bodies were found more frequently in children. The types of foreign body were different from age group and sites of foreign body lodgement. The local food constituted the highest incidence of ear, nose, and throat foreign bodies with additional of plastic toys in paediatric group.
Study site: ENT clinic, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Foreign Bodies/epidemiology*
Fulltext Perforating eye injuries due to intraocular foreign bodies

Lai YK, Moussa M

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Sep;47(3):212-9.
PMID: 1491647

The results of sixty-four perforating eye injuries with intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) treated at University Hospital over ten years were reported. Compared to an earlier report we found that the population at risk was the same and consisted of patients under 35 years (70%), males (95.3%) and work related (86%). The commonest causes of IOFB were hand hammer (64.1%) and grass cutting (20.3%). We also noted that while the incidence of cases had increased by 23%, the final visual outcome has improved significantly due to advances in preoperative diagnosis and surgical techniques. Preoperative factors found to have a statistically significant effect on the final visual outcome were the size of the IOFB, poor initial visual acuity, and the presence of the following complications: cataract, iris damage and vitreous haemorrhage. The outcome was also worse in posterior segment IOFBs but this was not statistically significant.

Matched MeSH terms: Eye Foreign Bodies/epidemiology
Fulltext A review of intraocular foreign bodies treated at the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Teoh GH, Yow CS

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Mar;37(1):7-10.
PMID: 7121351

A retrospective study of intraocular foreign bodies treated at the University Hospital over 10 years from 1970 - 1979 was carried out. Of the 48 cases reviewed, nine were anterior chamber foreign bodies while the rest were posterior segment foreign bodies. The anterior chamber foreign bodies had better visual prognosis as compared to the posterior segment foreign bodies. Most of the patients were young Chinese males and most of the injuries were due to accidents at work involving the 'hand hammer' (includes other implements used as a hammer).

Matched MeSH terms: Eye Foreign Bodies/epidemiology*
A survey of ocular injuries at the University Hospital

Chandran S, Eu-Sen VO

Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):278-81.
PMID: 4261300
Matched MeSH terms: Eye Foreign Bodies/epidemiology
Fulltext The incidence of inhaled foreign body in West Malaysia

Shanmugham MS

Singapore Med J, 1984 Feb;25(1):52-3.
PMID: 6463665

In this paper the incidence of inhaled foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree at the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur, West Malaysia, is reviewed. Children are the usual victims. Food·related substance (peanut) is the most common foreign body, Successful removal of foreign body by bronchoscopy is achieved in the great majority of cases (86%), Prevention can be achieved by educating the parents not to give nuts to children below the age of 3 years.

Matched MeSH terms: Foreign Bodies/epidemiology*
Fulltext A prospective evaluation of foreign bodies presenting to the Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Hon SK, Izam TM, Koay CB, Razi A

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56(4):463-70.
PMID: 12014767

The results of a prospective study of 94 patients with history of ear, nose or aerodigestive tract foreign bodies were analysed. Sixty six to 94% of patients presented within 24 hours to a primary care doctor, 80 to 94% was referred to the ENT Department within 24 hours and 89 to 93% of patients had their foreign bodies removed within 24 hours. Overall, 58% of aural foreign bodies, 67% nasal foreign bodies and 94% of aerodigestive tract foreign bodies were removed within 48 hours of insertion. As a result of the prompt removal of foreign bodies in the majority of patients, no significant complications occurred. Foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract tend to present earlier and more promptly removed compared with ear and nose foreign bodies. There was a significantly higher proportion of foreign body in the right ear and nostril compared to the left.

Study site: ENT Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Matched MeSH terms: Foreign Bodies/epidemiology*
Inhaled Foreign Body Impaction: A Review of Literature in Malaysian Children

Gendeh BS, Gendeh HS, Purnima S, Comoretto RI, Gregori D, Gulati A

Indian J Pediatr, 2019 Jan;86(Suppl 1):20-24.
PMID: 30623311 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-018-2824-8

Foreign body aspiration in children is a problem that can lead to several complications, including death. In this retrospective publication review from 1970 to 2015, there were altogether 42 Malaysian children below the age of 15 y reported with foreign body (FB) ingestion. There were 31 boys and 11 girls between 2 and 177 mo of age. The incidence of FB ingestion in children varied with dietary practices. Peanut was the most common food-related substance inhaled followed by watermelon seed and coconut kernel. The most common non-food related substances were metal objects (toys, springs, hair clips) and plastic objects (ballpoint tips, pencil caps and whistles). Successful removal of FB by bronchoscopy is achieved in the vast majority of cases except for a case of impacted whistle inhalation and a neglected laryngeal FB which required a tracheostomy. One child required thoracotomy for the removal of a peanut in the right bronchus. The incidence of food-related substance inhalation was more common than non-food related substance (30:7). From this review, the key messages are two: first, prevention can be achieved by educating parents not to allow access to small objects or dangerous foods to children below 3 y age; Second, emergency first aid home measures, in the combination form of back blows in the head down position and chest or abdominal thrusts, should be early performed according to the pediatric age group and can be quite effective.

Matched MeSH terms: Foreign Bodies/epidemiology*
The epidemiology of Open Globe Injuries presenting to a tertiary referral eye hospital in Australia

Beshay N, Keay L, Dunn H, Kamalden TA, Hoskin AK, Watson SL

Injury, 2017 Jul;48(7):1348-1354.
PMID: 28438416 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.04.035

BACKGROUND: Open globe injuries (OGIs) account for 44% of the cost of ocular trauma within Australia. It is estimated that 90% of ocular trauma is preventable. However, there have been few epidemiological studies within Australia that have identified groups at risk of OGIs specifically. The aim of our study was to review the epidemiology of OGIs presenting to a tertiary referral eye hospital in Australia.
METHODS: The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT) system was used to classify injuries as globe ruptures, penetrating eye injuries (PEIs), intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) or perforating injuries. Demographic data, past ocular history, mechanism of trauma, ocular injuries, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after treatment were recorded.
RESULTS: The 205 OGIs included 80 globe ruptures, 71 PEIs, 48 IOFBs and six perforating injuries. Falls predominated in older age groups compared to the other mechanisms of injury (p<0.0001). A fall was responsible for 33 globe ruptures and 82% of these had a history of previous intraocular surgery. Globe rupture and perforating injuries had poorer visual outcomes (p<0.05), consistent with previous studies. Alcohol was implicated in 20 cases of OGI, with 11 of these due to assault. PEIs and IOFBs commonly occurred while working with metal. BCVA was significantly worse following removal of an intraocular foreign body. We found presenting BCVA to be a good predictor of BCVA at the time of discharge.
CONCLUSIONS: The causes of OGI varied in association with age, with older people mostly incurring their OGI through falls and younger adults through assault and working with metal. Globe ruptures occurring after a fall often had a history of intraocular surgery. The initial BCVA is useful for non-ophthalmologists who are unfamiliar with the ocular trauma score to help predict the BCVA following treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Eye Foreign Bodies/epidemiology*