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Fulltext Large full thickness medial canthal reconstruction: a report of two cases and review of literature

Nor Idahriani Muhd Nor, Azhany Yaakub, Naik, Venkatesh R., Wan Hazabbah Wan Hitam, Liza Sharmini Ahmad Tajudin

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2012;7(1):1-6.
MyJurnal

The reconstruction of the upper eyelid with medial canthal involvement post extensive removal of malignant tumour remains a challenge. Proper eyelid reconstruction is necessary to reestablish anatomic integrity, restoration of its functions and to maintain the best cosmetic appearance. These case reports illustrate an alternative reconstructive technique for large upper eyelid full thickness defect with medial canthal involvement. Two cases of upper eyelid tumours involving medial canthal region underwent staged reconstruction by glabellar flap advancement and reconstruction of the posterior lamellar with autologous graft using buccal mucosa and ear cartilage. The posterior lamellar graft and flap survived without any complication except for mild eyelid margin notching in one of the two cases. The staged reconstruction with glabellar flap advancement provides adequate defect coverage, excellent blood supply, maintains eyebrow contour and function of the eyelid. The flap also perfectly matches the surrounding tissue with minimal donor site morbidity.

Matched MeSH terms: Eyebrows
Fulltext Four cases of pediculosis caused by Pthirus pubis Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Anoplura) from peninsular Malaysia

Pakeer O, Jeffery J, Mohamed AM, Ahmad F, Baharudin O

Trop Biomed, 2007 Dec;24(2):101-3.
PMID: 18209717 MyJurnal

Four cases of pediculosis, two in adults and two in children, caused by the crab-louse, Pthirus pubis Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera: Anoplura) is reported from peninsular Malaysia. This is the second report of the problem to be documented from the country. Although P. pubis is closely associated with genital hairs, it is, however, also found to occur on the eyelashes, eyebrows, hairs of the body, head and axilla. The few reported cases of pthiriasis probably do not reflect the true situation.

Matched MeSH terms: Eyebrows/parasitology
Fulltext Comparisons between eyebags, droopy eyelids, and eyebrow positioning identified by photo-numeric scales or identified by written descriptive scales: Insights from the Singapore/Malaysia cross-sectional genetics epidemiology study (SMCGES) cohort

Ng JY, Chew FT

Skin Res Technol, 2024 Feb;30(2):e13620.
PMID: 38376131 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13620

BACKGROUND: We evaluate skin sagging phenotypes (eyebags, droopy eyelids, low eyebrow positioning) using written descriptive scales and photo-numeric scales. We also study how anti-ageing interventions and digital screen time influence skin sagging.
AIM: We compare the two phenotype assessment methods with each other.
METHOD: Skin sagging and personal lifestyle data obtained from 2885 ethnic Chinese young adults from the Singapore/Malaysia cross-sectional genetics epidemiology study (SMCGES) cohort were collated and compared.
RESULTS: Significant correlations (p-value

Matched MeSH terms: Eyebrows*
Fulltext Management Of Zygomatico-Orbital Fractures Using Rigid Internal Fixation With Cosmetic Surgical Considerations - Case Report

Ong, A.H.M.

Ann Dent, 1996;3(1):-.
MyJurnal

The current standard of managing facial bone fractures is the use of rigid internal fixation. This method provides good stabilization and repair for mid-face fractures such as the zygomatico-orbitalfracture. Nowadays, for the young and old, patients want not only rapid bone healing, but also good facial aesthetics after surgical treatment following maxillofacial trauma. Therefore, osteosynthesis of fractures and inconspicuous post-operative scars are considered essential. The lower eyelid approach or modified blepharoplasty provides rapid access to the infraorbital rim as well as the orbital floor, while the lateral eyebrow incision gives direct access for fixation at the fronto-zygomatic suture. Combining the Gillies' approach and a single form of rigid internal fixation, good cosmetic results and function can be achieved. Cases using the micro-plate-system for thin infraorbital bones and the miniplate- system for thicker facial bones involving zygomatico-orbital fractures are described.

Matched MeSH terms: Eyebrows
Anthropometric and Anthroposcopic Analysis of Periorbital Features in Malaysian Population: An Inter-racial Study

Packiriswamy V, Kumar P, Bashour M

Facial Plast Surg, 2018 Aug;34(4):400-406.
PMID: 29723879 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1648224

In oculoplastic operations, knowledge of the dimensions of periorbital features based on age, gender, and race is essential for achieving better aesthetic result. This article seeks to determine the racial and gender differences of periorbital features among Malaysian Malay (MM), Malaysian Indian (MI), and Malaysian Chinese (MI) subjects. Evaluation of periorbital features was done on photographs of 200 MM, 200 MI, and 200 MC subjects, aged 18 to 26 years. The measured values were evaluated by an independent t-test. A significant difference was found between MM and MI in all measurements except interbrow distance in males, eyebrow thickness in females, and apex to lateral limbus distance in both sexes. Between MI and MC the difference was insignificant for interbrow distance in male groups, apex to lateral limbus distance in females, and palpebral fissure inclination and eyebrow apex angle in both sexes. Between MM and MC, significant differences were found for eyebrow thickness and medial canthus tilt in female group. Male groups showed significant difference for apex to lateral limbus and lateral canthus distance and eyebrow apex angle. Eyebrow height, palpebral fissure width, and intercanthal distance were significantly different in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism was found for all measurements in MI, but MM and MC showed insignificant difference for eyebrow apex angle. Four types of epicanthus were observed in MM and MC and three types in MI. Eyebrow apex between lateral limbus and lateral canthus was the most common position in all racial groups. Significant racial and gender differences exist for certain periorbital measurements. The knowledge of these differences is expected to influence the surgical outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Eyebrows
Photogrammetric analysis of eyebrow and upper eyelid dimensions in South Indians and Malaysian South Indians

Packiriswamy V, Kumar P, Bashour M

Aesthet Surg J, 2013 Sep 1;33(7):975-82.
PMID: 24018869 DOI: 10.1177/1090820X13503472

The eyebrow and eyelid are important sexually dimorphic and ethnic features of the face. In cosmetic surgery, maintenance of these landmarks is important to obtaining satisfactory results.

Matched MeSH terms: Eyebrows/anatomy & histology*
Fulltext Upper eyelid and eyebrow dimensions in Malays

Dharap AS, Reddy SC

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Dec;50(4):377-81.
PMID: 8668060

The upper eyelid crease height pretarsal skin and eyebrow height were studied in 305 Malay subjects (146 males and 159 females) varying in age from 2-80 years, who were randomly selected from the residents of Kota Bharu, Kelantan. In females, from the age of 11 years the mean pretarsal skin height increased progressively with age. In males, however, it decreased with age up to 60 years. In both sexes, subjects more than 60 years old showed highest values for pretarsal skin height. The mean eyelid crease height increased progressively with age from 11 years onwards in males but not in females. The mean eyebrow height increased with age in females but not in males. Eyebrow and eyelid measurements seem to show a definite racial variation. Besides establishing normal values for eyelid and eyebrow measurements in Malays, our findings indicate that age and sex should be taken into consideration to achieve satisfactory results in cosmetic eyelid surgery in Malays.

Matched MeSH terms: Eyebrows/anatomy & histology*
Photogrammetric Analysis of Eyebrow and Eyelid Dimensions in Indian American Adults

Sadacharan CM, Packirisamy V

J Craniofac Surg, 2020 Jul 14.
PMID: 32675767 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006757

In cosmetic surgery, knowledge of the average dimensions of periorbital features based on gender and ethnicity is essential to improve the patient appearance and maintain the ethnicity. The aim the study was to establish gender-specific periorbital anthropometric and anthroposcopic data for Indian Americans (IA) and to assess the statistically ethnic differences by comparing with published data of Malaysian Indians (MI). Evaluation of periorbital features was done on the standardized frontal photographs of 400 IA, aged 18 to 26 years. The measured values were evaluated by an independent t-test. Sexual dimorphism was found in all 15 measurements. The eyebrow height, combined height of the orbit and eyebrow, eyebrow apex inclination, apex to lateral canthus distance, medial end of brow to medial canthus distance, lateral end of brow to lateral canthus distance; pretarsal skin height, palpebral fissure height, palpebral fissure inclination (PFI), and medial canthus tilt were significantly greater in female than the males. In males, eyebrow apex hairline distance, apex to lateral limbus distance, eyebrow apex angle (EAA), lower eyelid height, and interpupillary distance was significantly greater than the females. Significant ethnic difference was found between IA and MI for eyebrow height, apex to lateral limbus distance, EAA, palpebral fissure height, and PFI in male group. In female group, EAA, medial canthus tilt, and PFI were significantly greater in MI. Four types of epicanthus were observed and the brow apex between lateral limbus and lateral canthus was the most common position. The generated normative data may be useful during diagnosis and treatment planning.

Matched MeSH terms: Eyebrows
Fulltext Effects of Robot Facial Characteristics and Gender in Persuasive Human-Robot Interaction

Ghazali AS, Ham J, Barakova EI, Markopoulos P

Front Robot AI, 2018;5:73.
PMID: 33500952 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2018.00073

The growing interest in social robotics makes it relevant to examine the potential of robots as persuasive agents and, more specifically, to examine how robot characteristics influence the way people experience such interactions and comply with the persuasive attempts by robots. The purpose of this research is to identify how the (ostensible) gender and the facial characteristics of a robot influence the extent to which people trust it and the psychological reactance they experience from its persuasive attempts. This paper reports a laboratory study where SociBot™, a robot capable of displaying different faces and dynamic social cues, delivered persuasive messages to participants while playing a game. In-game choice behavior was logged, and trust and reactance toward the advisor were measured using questionnaires. Results show that a robotic advisor with upturned eyebrows and lips (features that people tend to trust more in humans) is more persuasive, evokes more trust, and less psychological reactance compared to one displaying eyebrows pointing down and lips curled downwards at the edges (facial characteristics typically not trusted in humans). Gender of the robot did not affect trust, but participants experienced higher psychological reactance when interacting with a robot of the opposite gender. Remarkably, mediation analysis showed that liking of the robot fully mediates the influence of facial characteristics on trusting beliefs and psychological reactance. Also, psychological reactance was a strong and reliable predictor of trusting beliefs but not of trusting behavior. These results suggest robots that are intended to influence human behavior should be designed to have facial characteristics we trust in humans and could be personalized to have the same gender as the user. Furthermore, personalization and adaptation techniques designed to make people like the robot more may help ensure they will also trust the robot.

Matched MeSH terms: Eyebrows
Reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks on facial images captured on a 3D camera

Othman SA, Ahmad R, Mericant AF, Jamaludin M

Aust Orthod J, 2013 May;29(1):58-65.
PMID: 23785939

Fast and non-invasive systems of the three-dimensional (3D) technology are a recent trend in orthodontics. The reproducibility of facial landmarks is important so that 3D facial measurements are accurate and may-be applied clinically. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reproducibility of facial soft tissue landmarks using a non-invasive stereo-photogrammetry 3D camera.

Matched MeSH terms: Eyebrows/anatomy & histology