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  1. [Notes on the physics, physiology and fascination of deep diving]
    GLASS J
    Med J Malaya, 1958 Jun;12(4):622-36.
    PMID: 13577156
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving*
  2. Fulltext [Current status and problem of occupational health and safety of occupational diving workers in Malaysia]
    Morimatsu Y, Nishikiori H, Okahara Y, Kojima Y, Kinoshita S, Mori M, et al.
    Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi, 2020 07 25;62(4):165-167.
    PMID: 31983700 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.2019-021-W
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving*
  3. Fulltext Diving accidents treated at a military hospital-based recompression chamber facility in Peninsular Malaysia
    Rozali A, Khairuddin H, Mohd Sidik S, Halim MA, Mohd Zin B, Sulaiman A
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):91-5.
    PMID: 18942290
    This paper describes the pattern of diving accidents treated in a military hospital-based recompression chamber facility in Peninsular Malaysia. A retrospective study was carried out to utilize secondary data from the respective hospital medical records from 1st January 1996 to 31st December 2004. A total of 179 cases categorized as diving accidents received treatment with an average of 20 cases per year. Out of 179 cases, 96.3% (n = 173) received recompression treatment. Majority were males (93.3%), civilians (87.2%) and non-Malaysian citizens (59.2%). Commercial diving activities contributed the highest percentage of diving accidents (48.0%), followed by recreational (39.2%) and military (12.8%). Diving accidents due to commercial diving (n = 86) were mainly contributed by underwater logging activities (87.2%). The most common cases sustained were decompression illness (DCI) (96.1%). Underwater logging and recreational diving activities which contribute to a significant number of diving accidents must be closely monitored. Notification, centralised data registration, medical surveillance as well as legislations related to diving activities in Malaysia are essential to ensure adequate monitoring of diving accidents in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving/injuries*
  4. Fulltext Decompression illness secondary to occupational diving: recommended management based current legistation and practice in Malaysia
    Rozali A, Khairuddin H, Mohd Sidik S, Zin BM, Sulaiman A
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):166-9.
    PMID: 18942312 MyJurnal
    Occupational divers are exposed to hazards which contribute to the risk of developing decompression illnesses (DCI). DCI consists of Type I decompression sickness (DCS), Type II DCS and arterial gas embolism (AGE), developed from formation of bubbles in the tissues or circulation as a result of inadequate elimination of inert gas (nitrogen) after a dive. In Malaysia, DCI is one of the significant contributions to mortality and permanent residual morbidity in diving accidents. This is a case of a diver who suffered from Type II DCS with neurological complications due to an occupational diving activity. This article mentions the clinical management of the case and makes several recommendations based on current legislations and practise implemented in Malaysia in order to educate medical and health practitioners on the current management of DCI from the occupational perspective. By following these recommendations, hopefully diving accidents mainly DCI and its sequalae among occupational divers can be minimized and prevented, while divers who become injured receive the proper compensation for their disabilities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving/adverse effects*
  5. Fulltext Development of underwater and hyperbaric medicine in Malaysia
    Rozali A, Rampal KG, Zin BM, Mohd Sidik S, Khairuddin H, Abd Halim M, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):647-50.
    PMID: 17623973 MyJurnal
    Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine is a treatment modality gaining recognition in Malaysia. It uses the hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) approach where patients are placed in recompression chambers and subjected to oxygen therapy under pressure. In Malaysia it was introduced as early as the 1960's by the Royal Malaysian Navy to treat their divers for decompression illness (DCI), arterial gas embolism (AGE) and barotraumas. Other sectors in the armed forces, universities and private health centres began developing this approach too in the late 1990's, for similar purposes. In 1996, Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine began gaining its popularity when the Institute of Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine at the Armed Forces Hospital in Lumut started treating specific clinical diseases such as diabetic foot ulcers, osteomyelitis, and carbon monoxide poisoning and other diseases using HBOT. This paper discusses the development of this interesting treatment modality, giving a brief historical overview to its current development, as well as provides some thought for its future development in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving/adverse effects*
  6. Assessing the Social Carrying Capacity of Diving Sites in Mabul Island, Malaysia
    Zhang L, Chung S
    Environ Manage, 2015 Dec;56(6):1467-77.
    PMID: 26239650 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0586-x
    This study has explored social carrying capacity of an underwater environment based on divers' perceived crowding. Two dimensions were assessed, the number of divers seen and the proximity of diver. Data were obtained from a survey of 132 divers dived in Mabul Island, Malaysia during 2013-2014. Photographs depicting four levels of diver number and four levels of diver proximity in different combinations were shown to the respondents for assessing their acceptability. Between the two variables, the "number of divers" was the most influential factor for divers' perceived crowding. Divers would start to feel unacceptably crowded if 8-9 divers were visible to them at one time. Based on this, it is likely that the use level of diving sites in Mabul Island has already exceeded its social carrying capacity. Implications for future research and diving tourism management for Mabul Island are also discussed in the paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving*
  7. Fulltext Trauma induced testicular torsion: a reminder for the unwary
    Yeap JS, Moissinac K
    J Accid Emerg Med, 2000 Sep;17(5):381-2.
    PMID: 11005420
    Trauma induced testicular torsion is a well recognised entity, the incidence being 4-8% in most studies reporting on testicular torsion. The signs and symptoms of testicular torsion may easily be mistakenly attributed to preceding testicular trauma if there was such an event. A patient is described with trauma induced testicular torsion who presented on three occasions before a decision was made to perform scrotal exploration. Unfortunately, an orchidectomy was the outcome. The message that trauma can and not infrequently does precipitate torsion, needs to be reiterated. Awareness of the entity and constant vigilance is required of clinicians to avoid a delay in definitive treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving/injuries*
  8. Fulltext Decompression illness associated with underwater logging: 6 case reports from Kenyir Lake, Malaysia
    Loke YK, Tee MH, Tan MH
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Mar;53(1):100-3.
    PMID: 10968146
    The formation of Kenyir Lake as part of a hydroelectric project in the 1980s caused much forest area to be submerged. From 1991, underwater divers were employed to log these sunken trees at depths of up to 100 meters. At least 6 mishaps involving underwater logging personnel were recorded from March 1994 to August 1996. We retrospectively reviewed 5 cases who were managed in Hospital Kuala Terengganu. The patients presented with marked cardiorespiratory and neurological disturbances. One diver died in the Hospital while another died at the recompression chamber. Three divers were treated with recompression and improved. Average delay before the start of recompression was 14 hours. Underwater logging has definite dangers and steps must be taken to ensure that both the divers and the equipment are appropriate for the task. Availability of a nearby recompression facility would greatly enhance the management of diving accidents, not only for commercial divers but also for recreational divers who frequent the islands nearby.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving/adverse effects*
  9. Funding conservation through use and potentials for price discrimination among scuba divers at Sipadan, Malaysia
    Emang D, Lundhede TH, Thorsen BJ
    J Environ Manage, 2016 Nov 01;182:436-445.
    PMID: 27521689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.033
    The protected coral reefs off the coast of Malaysia receive numerous tourists, while also being as fishing grounds. These joint environmental pressures raise the need for additional costly conservation measures. It is natural to consider the potential for expanding the 'user pays' principle, already implemented in the form of various user fees. This study explores the potential for price discrimination among scuba divers at Sipadan in Malaysia. The study applies a choice experiment to estimate scuba divers willingness to pay higher user fees for avoiding decreases of or getting improvements in environmental and recreational aspects of the diving experience. We investigate how sensitivity to fee size and hence willingness to pay vary with suitable selected characteristics of divers. We find potentials for a third degree price discrimination strategy exploiting higher willingness to pay among foreign divers (45%), male divers (16%) and people who has visited Sipadan several times (25%). Thus, revised pricing structures could significantly increase funds for the preservation of Sipadan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving/economics*
  10. Fulltext Acute ophthalmic artery occlusion in decompression illness with underlying anterior cerebral artery A1 segment hypoplasia
    Omar AR, Ibrahim M, Hussein A
    Diving Hyperb Med, 2018 Jun 30;48(2):112-113.
    PMID: 29888385 DOI: 10.28920/dhm48.2.112-113
    A diver presented with total loss of vision in the left eye and right hemiparesis following a routine no-stop scuba dive to 20 metres' depth. A diagnosis of decompression illness (DCI) with acute ophthalmic artery air embolism and left carotid artery insult causing acute anterior circulatory ischaemia was made. He underwent seven hyperbaric treatments leading to a full recovery. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed an underlying left anterior cerebral artery A1 segment hypoplasia. Making a prompt diagnosis and early hyperbaric oxygen treatment are crucial to halt further tissue damage from ischaemia in central nervous system DCI. In this case, the finding of a left A1 anterior cerebral artery segment hypoplasia variant may have increased the severity of DCI due to deficient collateral circulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving*
  11. Fulltext Bilateral scaphoid stress fracture in a platform diver presenting with unilateral symptoms
    Mohamed Haflah NH, Mat Nor NF, Abdullah S, Sapuan J
    Singapore Med J, 2014 Oct;55(10):e159-61.
    PMID: 25631904
    Scaphoid stress fracture is rare and occurs mainly in gymnasts. The current literature has only two reported cases: unilateral scaphoid stress fracture in a platform diver and bilateral scaphoid stress fracture in a gymnast. We herein report bilateral stress fracture of the scaphoid in a platform diver who presented with only one symptomatic side. Our patient was a 16-year-old competitive platform diver with an 18-month history of pain in the right wrist. Radiography revealed fracture of the right scaphoid at the waist. As part of our preoperative plan of measuring the scaphoid length to determine the appropriate screw, radiography of the contralateral side was performed, revealing an unexpected fracture of the left scaphoid. Due to the frequency of stress fractures in competitive sports, especially gymnastics, we recommend that bilateral scaphoid radiography be performed for athletes presenting with a unilateral scaphoid fracture, to avoid missing a fracture in the contralateral side.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving/injuries*
  12. Fulltext Seagrass coverage and associated fauna at Gaya Island, Sabah, Malaysia: A pilot seagrass transplantation
    Ejria Saleh, Gallagher, John Barry, Tzuen, Kiat Yap
    Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture, 2020;4(1):14-19.
    MyJurnal
    Seagrasses provide a range of marine ecosystem services. These include coastal protection, biodiversity, provision of food for various organisms, breeding and nursery habitats for many marine species, and carbon storage. Increasing anthropogenic pressures have contributed to the decline of seagrass habitats. Transplantation is one of the solutions to increase seagrass coverage and resilience. What is often overlooked, however, is the ability of this tropical ecosystem to attract and support faunal assemblages that may impinge on the success of the transplantation. A pilot study on seagrass transplantation at Gaya Island (Kota Kinabalu, Sabah) was intended for observing its stability and species of fauna that develop association with this vegetation. The study covered the southwest and northeast monsoons. Mixed seagrass species were planted on approximately 50% of 30 m 2 transplantation areas. Monitoring of the planted seagrass was carried out in five phases (T1-T5) from September 2016 to April 2018. Weekly observations were made by SCUBA diving. Identification of associated fauna was done on the spot and was based on morphological characteristics. During the T1 (September to December 2016) the seagrass coverage was reduced to 41% due to strong waves generated by the northeast monsoon. However, the seagrass coverage increased ( 66 %) during the southwest monsoon (T2 - T4) in 2017. In early 2018 (T5), the seagrass coverage again reduced (about 18%) due to strong waves but recovered again at the end of the monitoring period (April 2018). A total of 30 species of fauna that were identified consisted of 9 resident and 21 non-resident species. Physical structure of transplanted seagrass created a microhabitat, and increased the food availability and abundance, which attracted many species of different trophic levels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving
  13. Fulltext First record of multi-species synchronous coral spawning from Malaysia
    Chelliah A, Amar HB, Hyde J, Yewdall K, Steinberg PD, Guest JR
    PeerJ, 2015;3:e777.
    PMID: 25737817 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.777
    Knowledge about the timing and synchrony of coral spawning has important implications for both the ecology and management of coral reef ecosystems. Data on the timing of spawning and extent of synchrony, however, are still lacking for many coral reefs, particularly from equatorial regions and from locations within the coral triangle. Here we present the first documentation of a multi-species coral spawning event from reefs around Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia, a popular diving and tourist destination located on the edge of the coral triangle. At least 8 coral species from 3 genera (Acropora, Montipora and Porites) participated in multi-species spawning over five nights in April 2014, between two nights before and two nights after the full moon. In addition, two Acropora species were witnessed spawning one night prior to the full moon in October 2014. While two of the Acropora species that reproduced in April (A. millepora and A. nasuta) exhibited highly synchronous spawning (100% of sampled colonies), two other common species (A. hyacinthus and A. digitifera) did not contain visible eggs in the majority of colonies sampled (i.e., <15% of colonies) in either April or October, suggesting that these species spawn at other times of the year. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed documented observation of multi-species coral spawning from reefs in Malaysia. These data provide further support for the contention that this phenomenon is a feature of all speciose coral assemblages, including equatorial reefs. More research is needed, however, to determine the seasonal cycles and extent of spawning synchrony on these reefs and elsewhere in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving
  14. Fulltext The uncharted danger of living in the tropics: a needlefish impalement of the sigmoid colon
    Assikin Muhamad, Aishath Azna Ali, Firdaus Hayati, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(3):337-339.
    MyJurnal
    Penetrating injury to the abdominal viscera is not uncommon unless when it is caused by marine life. We present a 39-year-old fisherman from a tropical country who had sustained a penetrating injury from a stab wound to the abdomen due to needlefish impalement. He sustained a small perforation of the sigmoid colon during exploratory laparotomy and primary repair was done. Although this incident is rare, there are cases involving seawater activities either for leisure, sport or diving for fishing. We highlight this rare incident and discuss the management plan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving
  15. Immersion pulmonary oedema and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
    Ng A, Edmonds C
    Diving Hyperb Med, 2015 Dec;45(4):255-7.
    PMID: 26687314
    A 67-year-old female scuba diver developed a typical immersion pulmonary oedema (IPE), but investigations strongly indicated Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC). The cardiac abnormalities included increased cardiac enzymes, electrocardiographic anomalies and echocardiographic changes, all reverting to normal within days. This case demonstrates a similarity and association between IPE and TC, and the importance of prompt cardiac investigations both in the investigation of IPE and in making the diagnosis of TC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving/adverse effects*
  16. Fulltext Hearing loss in diving--a study amongst Navy divers
    Zulkaflay AR, Saim L, Said H, Mukari SZ, Esa R
    Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):103-8.
    PMID: 10967988
    Despite the commonly observed condition of middle and inner ear barotrauma among divers, there is little evidence of insidious and permanent development of sensorineural hearing loss associated with diving. An audiometric survey was performed on a group of 120 divers and 166 non divers from the Royal Malaysian Naval Base in Lumut, West Malaysia between July to December 1991. The results of this survey revealed that insidious development of high frequency sensorineural hearing loss may be associated with diving. At frequencies 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz the divers had higher mean hearing levels than non divers and their hearing at those frequencies seemed to deteriorate faster. The etiology of this insidious hearing loss is multifactorial and may be related to inner ear barotrauma, decompression sickness or noise-induced deafness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving/adverse effects*
  17. Ecological carrying capacity assessment of diving site: A case study of Mabul Island, Malaysia
    Zhang LY, Chung SS, Qiu JW
    J Environ Manage, 2016 Dec 01;183:253-9.
    PMID: 27596939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.08.075
    Despite considered a non-consumptive use of the marine environment, diving-related activities can cause damages to coral reefs. It is imminent to assess the maximum numbers of divers that can be accommodated by a diving site before it is subject to irreversible deterioration. This study aimed to assess the ecological carrying capacity of a diving site in Mabul Island, Malaysia. Photo-quadrat line transect method was used in the benthic survey. The ecological carrying capacity was assessed based on the relationship between the number of divers and the proportion of diver damaged hard corals in Mabul Island. The results indicated that the proportion of diver damaged hard corals occurred exponentially with increasing use. The ecological carrying capacity of Mabul Island is 15,600-16,800 divers per diving site per year at current levels of diver education and training with a quarterly threshold of 3900-4200 per site. Our calculation shows that management intervention (e.g. limiting diving) is justified at 8-14% of hard coral damage. In addition, the use of coral reef dominated diving sites should be managed according to their sensitivity to diver damage and the depth of the reefs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving/adverse effects*
  18. Fulltext Stonefish envenomation of hand with impending compartment syndrome
    Tay TK, Chan HZ, Ahmad TS, Teh KK, Low TH, Wahab NA
    J Occup Med Toxicol, 2016;11:23.
    PMID: 27168760 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-016-0112-y
    BACKGROUND: Marine stings and envenomation are fairly common in Malaysia. Possible contact to various marine life occurs during diving, fishing and food handling. Even though majority of fish stings are benign, there are several venomous species such as puffer fish, scorpion fish, lionfish, stingray and stonefish that require urgent medical treatment. Stonefish is one of the most venomous fish in the world with potential fatal local and systemic toxicity effects to human.

    CASE PRESENTATION: We reported a case of stonefish sting complicated with impending compartment syndrome.

    CONCLUSIONS: Medical staff should be alert about the possibility of this potential emergency in standard management of stonefish stings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diving
  19. Fulltext Marine mammals in the waters of East Coast Johor, Malaysia
    Jaaman, S.A., Mohamed, C.A.R.
    ASM Science Journal, 2014;8(2):143-149.
    MyJurnal
    Marine mammal searches were opportunistically conducted during the East Coast Johor Scientific Expedition (ECJSE) on 21-30 May 2012, on a live-on-board (LOB) diving vessel, MV BLACK PEARL. The expedition was designed mainly to survey coral reef ecosystems and water quality. Daylight visual observations of the sea were undertaken during sailing and stopping/anchored from the most upper open-deck of the vessel. The survey resulted in two sightings of long-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus capensis), each at Pulau Aur and Pulau Tinggi. Both observations were brief (< 5 minutes) and were made when the vessel was anchored. Based on anecdotal evidences, skeletal remains and previous surveys, the vulnerable dugong, Indo-Pacific bottlenose, Indo-Pacific humpback, Irrawaddy and long-beaked common dolphins, the false killer and pygmy killer whales, and the baleen whales are known to occur in the East Coast Johor waters, at least occasionally. The low sighting rate with marine mammals during this survey is highly likely caused by the survey design and also may be due to the environmental conditions and ecological factors. Dedicated and periodical boat and aerial surveys for marine mammals need to be conducted to determine species diversity and to understand the seasonality, habitat use, and social interactions of the marine mammal populations in the area. The findings will be most useful for marine park and fisheries authorities to plan conservation management strategies for marine mammals and promote their conservation through eco-tourism activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving
  20. Fulltext A descriptive study of decompression illness among scuba divers treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy at a military hospital-based recompression facility in Peninsular Malaysia
    Fazriyati Jamharee, Abu Yazid Md Noh, Tuan Hairulnizam Tuan Kamauzaman, Ariff Arithra Abdullah, Junainah Nor
    Malaysian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2016;1(1):11-23.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Diving related illness has become a public health concern, as there isan increasing number of diversworldwide. However, the incidence of Decompression Illness (DCI), a medical disorder as a result of sudden reduction of ambient pressure, remainsgenerallylow. This paper describes the patternsof decompression illness treated in a military hospital-based recompression chamber facility in Peninsular Malaysiafrom year 2000 until 2010.Objective:The objective ofthis study is to determine the patternsof decompression illnesspatientstreated withHyperbaric Oxygen Therapy(HBOT)in a military hospital-based recompression chamber facility inPeninsular Malaysia.
    Methodology:A retrospective descriptive study was carried out to utilizesecondary data from Hospital Angkatan Tentera Lumut, Perakfrom 1stJanuary 2000 to 31stDecember 2010. A total of 96 caseswere included in thisstudy.
    Results:Most of the patients were male (94.8%), recreational divers (43.0%), non-smokers (56.3%),with no previous medical illness(85.4%), who had dived with compressed air (78.0%), had lessthan 5years divingexperience (56.3%), were non-instructors(75.0%),and had body mass index between 18.5 to 24.9kg/m2(59.4%). Interestingly,25% of the patients developing DCI dived to less than 10 meters depth, 35.4% of them went for a single dive and 71.9% performed safety stops.The majority of the patients had symptoms startingwithin 12 hours after surfacing (85.4%),mainly within the first 3 hours and many had neurological manifestation (61.5%).Only 16.7% of the patients treated withHBOThad therapycommenced within 6 hours from the onset of symptomsand 93.8% from this group had complete recovery. Overall,76.0% of patients had fullrecovery after HBOT.
    Conclusion:Diving activities must be closely monitored. Medical surveillance as well as legislations related to diving activities in Malaysia areessential to improve SCUBA discipline and to reduce mortality and morbidity ofDCI in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diving
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