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  1. A shellfish-borne cholera outbreak in Malaysia
    Dutt AK, Alwi S, Velauthan T
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1971;65(6):815-8.
    PMID: 5157442
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholera/etiology*
  2. Cholera in the Kedah River area
    Chen PC
    Med J Malaya, 1970 Jun;24(4):247-56.
    PMID: 4248344
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholera/etiology
  3. A study of two cholera epidemics in the district of Tawau, Sabah (1989-1991)
    Khoo A
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1994 Mar;25(1):208-10.
    PMID: 7825016
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholera/etiology
  4. Fulltext Cholera outbreak by Sea Gypsies in Sabah, Malaysia: A challenge in North Borneo
    Jikal M, Riduan T, Aarifin R, Jeffree MS, Ahmed K
    Int J Infect Dis, 2019 Jun;83:83-85.
    PMID: 30986543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.04.008
    OBJECTIVES: In this study we investigated an outbreak of Vibrio cholera O1 Ogawa serotype, occurred during December 2014 in Kudat district, situated in Sabah state of the Malaysian part of Borneo.

    METHODS: Active case detection and contact tracing were done at respective localities by house to house survey. Passive case detection was done among acute gastroenteritis patients attended at various health facilities. To determine the source, samples from food, water and environment were taken. A case control study was also done to determine the risk factors.

    RESULTS: A total of 44 symptomatic and 34 asymptomatic cases from 19 localities were investigated. 39 cases were detected through passive case detection. Median age of cases was 23 years. All cases belonged to serogroup O1 and Ogawa serotype. The epidemiological investigation of time, place, and person identified that V. cholerae cross-transmission might have occurred in two fish markets and the fish-loading port. Circumstantial evidences indicated that cholera was possibly transmitted through contaminated sea foods.

    CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the life-style of Sea Gypsies is a challenge in cholera control; therefore vaccination might be an effective way to mitigate cholera in an outbreak prone area like Kudat.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cholera/etiology
  5. Fulltext Review of the trends and causes of food borne outbreaks in Malaysia from 1988 to 1997
    Meftahuddin T
    Med J Malaysia, 2002 Mar;57(1):70-9.
    PMID: 14569721 MyJurnal
    This paper examines the trend and possible contributing factors for the occurrence of the food borne diseases outbreaks in Malaysia. These diseases mainly are cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, dysentery and food poisoning. The outbreaks still occur sporadically in certain high risk areas throughout the country. The incidence rate of all the other three major food borne diseases steadily declined from the year 1988 to 1997 except for food poisoning and cholera. Statistic of food poisoning from the year 1996 to 1997 showed that 66.5% of the outbreak occurred in schools whereas only 0.4% originated from the contaminated food sold at various public food outlets. The school age group is always more affected than the general population. Amongst the contributing factors identified are related to unhygienic food handling practices followed by inadequate safe water supply and poor environmental sanitation. A multisectoral approach between Ministry of Health and other government agencies or private agents needs to be undertaken in the management of the food borne diseases in order to curb the incidences of food borne diseases in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholera/etiology*
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