MyMedR

Abdominal muscle activation: An EMG study of the Sahrmann five-level core stability test

Chan EWM, Hamid MSA, Nadzalan AM, Hafiz E

Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liao, 2020 Dec;40(2):89-97.

PMID: 33005073 DOI: 10.1142/S1013702520500080

Background: Sahrmann five-level core stability test protocol has been used to evaluate the ability of the core muscles to stabilize the spine. However, validation studies on the Sahrmann protocol are limited.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the different levels of Sahrmann five-level core stability (levels 1-5) on the muscle activity of rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO).

Methods: Twenty-two asymptomatic male participants aged 21.3
6
±
1
.59 years were recruited. Participants were instructed to perform maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and five levels of Sahrmann five-level core stability test guided with a pressure biofeedback unit (PBU). The surface electromyography (EMG) data of each muscle during five levels of Sahrmann five-level core stability test were normalized as a percentage of MVC.

Results: Results showed significant differences in the normalized EMGs of RA [

χ

2

(4) = 64.80,
p
<
0
.001], EO [

χ

2

(4) = 58.11,
p
<
0
.001], and TrA/IO [

χ

2

(4) = 56.00,
p
<
0
.001] between the five levels of Sahrmann five-level core stability test. Post-hoc analysis revealed Sahrmann levels 5 and 3 have significantly higher abdominal EMG signals than levels 4, 2, and 1 (
p
<
0
.001).

Conclusion: In conclusion, the Sahrmann five-level core stability test differs according to the level of Sahrmann tests. Significantly higher abdominal muscle activities were observed during levels 3 and 5. Therefore, the classification exchange in levels 3 and 4 of the Sahrmann five-level core stability test should be reconsidered in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Biofeedback, Psychology

Fulltext Insights from the preliminary autocorrelation analysis of low frequency neuronal oscillations during Quran listening

Reza, F., Begum, T., Ahmed, A.L., Omar, H., Muzaimi, M., Abdullah, J.M.

ASM Science Journal, 2012;6(1):39-45.

MyJurnal

The human brain generates different oscillations at different frequencies during various consciousness levels. When these brain waves synchronize with exogenous rhythmic stimulation, the brain experiences strong, yet relaxing emotion that could be involved in the formation of memory. We investigated the character of rhythmic oscillatory dynamics by electroencephalography (EEG) of subjects listening to a short verse of the Holy Quran compared to resting and Arabic news listening. The mean power amplitudes of each frequency band for wavelet-based time-frequency analysis were obtained from 5000 ms of segmented EEG recordings during rest, news and Quran listening conditions. The time series analysis of power from each of three conditions in each frequency band from the grand averaged data was then subjected to autocorrelation study. The results showed significant cyclic overall trends of increasing and decreasing patterns of power in the low frequency brain wave oscillation of different head regions especially global, frontal and temporal sites. These results provided a basis for prediction of the periodicity of the power of the oscillatory brain dynamics of delta and robustly in theta regions which occurred during Quran listening. Despite several limitations, our data offered a plausible scientific basis to the emotional induction during Quran listening that mimics recognized as data from music listening studies. This offered a promising perspective for future studies in translational neurophysiological, cognitive and biofeedback on Quran listening to modify brain behaviour in health and disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Biofeedback, Psychology

Fulltext Comparative efficacy of biofeedback interventions in predicting improvements in bilateral soccer shooting performance

Srilekha Saha, Nurfarrah Ezzaty Mohd Zahir, Foujia Huda, Soumendra Saha

Movement Health & Exercise, 2015;4(1):27-38.

MyJurnal

The beneficial impact of the differential biofeedback intervention technique on modification in autonomic competence, as well as the ultimate impact on bilateral shooting ability, were studied on young and competitive male soccer players. A total of 45 young high-performing soccer players in the age range of 18 to 24 years were recruited. At first, the players were subjected to baseline evaluation of psychomotor (i.e., reaction time - RT), physiological (viz. resting heart-rate; VO2Max, electrical muscle potentiality, etc.), and psychobiological indices (such as skin conductance components - latency, amplitude and recovery time). Thereafter, they were equally categorized into: Control Group, Experimental Group I [who received skin conductance (Sc) biofeedback training], and Experimental Group II [who received electromyography (EMG) biofeedback intervention training]. Participants of the experimental groups were subjected to their respective interventions (Sc & EMG biofeedback intervention training), which were imparted for 24 sessions (15 mins/day; 2 days/week for 12 weeks). After six weeks of intervention, mid-term evaluation of all of the aforementioned parameters (assessed during baseline evaluation) was performed. Thereafter, intervention sessions continued following the identical protocol for six weeks. At the end of the 12th week, a post-intervention assessment on all of the psychological, psychomotor and psychobiological variables was carried out on all of the participants to verify the effect of training on dependent measures. Post-intervention analyses revealed improvements in physiological, psychobiological and performance parameters, which could be rationally attributed to the differential biofeedback therapeutic interventions introduced to the experimental groups. The outcome suggested that both interventions facilitated improvement in bilateral shooting ability, while indepth analyses clarified that a higher extent of autonomic recovery emerged as the most significant factor facilitating shooting ability in the experimental groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Biofeedback, Psychology

Fulltext Potential of small entrepreneurs to implement entrepreneurial skills using HRV Biofeedback

Nazrolnizah Mohamad Noorzeli, Muhammad Nubli Abdul Wahab

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017;2(1):66-77.

MyJurnal

The ability to enhance the entrepreneurial skills of small entrepreneurs is the key factor to the increase
in business. Nevertheless, previous literature showed that there is less current study which focused on
the methods to improve entrepreneurial skills using Biofeedback techniques among entrepreneurs in
Malaysia. Thus, this study was aimed to: 1) Identifying the demographic background of small
entrepreneurs, 2) Identify management capabilities among entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial skills and 3) Identify the profile of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) among small entrepreneurs through increased the
HF coherence. A total of 50 respondents of small entrepreneurs were recruited in this study. The data
collected involved a questionnaire survey with participants, profit and sales analysis and analysis of
HRV. Statistical correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial
skills and business insights from the point of HRV. The finding shows that there is a very strong
relationship between the increases in entrepreneurial skills from an increase in business with the profile
of HRV among participants with the score of 0.80-1.00. This showed that HRV Biofeedback training
technique is appropriate to be used as an intervention program to increse entrepreneurship skills among
small entrepreneurs in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Biofeedback, Psychology

Real-time imaging as visual biofeedback in active second stage of labor among nulliparas: a randomized controlled trial

Hamid NA, Hong JGS, Hamdan M, Vallikkannu N, Adlan AS, Tan PC

Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2023 Oct;229(4):443.e1-443.e9.

PMID: 37207931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.04.049

BACKGROUND: A prolonged second stage of labor increases the risk of severe perineal laceration, postpartum hemorrhage, operative delivery, and poor Apgar score. The second stage is longer in nulliparas. Maternal pushing during the second stage of labor is an important contributor to the involuntary expulsive force developed by uterine contraction to deliver the fetus. Preliminary data indicate that visual biofeedback during the active second stage hastens birth.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate if visual feedback focusing on the perineum reduced the length of the active second stage of labor in comparison with the control.

STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the University Malaya Medical Centre from December 2021 to August 2022. Nulliparous women about to commence the active second stage, at term, with singleton gestation, reassuring fetal status, and no contraindication for vaginal delivery were randomized to live viewing of the maternal introitus (intervention) or maternal face (sham/placebo control) as visual biofeedback during their pushing. A video camera Bluetooth-linked to a tablet computer display screen was used; in the intervention arm, the camera was focused on the introitus, and in the control arm, on the maternal face. Participants were instructed to watch the display screen during their pushing. The primary outcomes were the intervention-to-delivery interval and maternal satisfaction with the pushing experience assessed using a 0-to-10 visual numerical rating scale. Secondary outcomes included mode of delivery, perineal injury, delivery blood loss, birthweight, umbilical cord arterial blood pH and base excess at birth, Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Data were analyzed with the t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher exact test, as appropriate.

RESULTS: A total of 230 women were randomized (115 to intervention and 115 to control arm). The active second stage duration (intervention-to-delivery interval) was a median (interquartile range) of 16 (11-23) and 17 (12-31) minutes (P=.289), and maternal satisfaction with the pushing experience was 9 (8-10) and 7 (6-7) (Pbiofeedback during pushing resulted in higher maternal satisfaction compared with the sham control of viewing the maternal face; however, the time to delivery was not significantly shortened.

Matched MeSH terms: Biofeedback, Psychology

Fulltext Using the Vibrance Kegel Device With Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise for Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Ong TA, Khong SY, Ng KL, Ting JR, Kamal N, Yeoh WS, et al.

Urology, 2015 Sep;86(3):487-91.

PMID: 26142713 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.06.022

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFMEs) performed with the new biofeedback Vibrance Kegel Device (VKD), compared to PFMEs alone, in treating stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a pilot prospective, randomized trial of women aged ≥18 years with SUI symptoms who underwent PFMEs at University Malaya Medical Centre from October 2011 to October 2013. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: control (PFMEs alone) and VKD (PFMEs with VKD biofeedback). The patients underwent 16 weeks of pelvic floor training, during which they were assessed using Australian pelvic floor questionnaires and modified Oxford scales for pelvic floor muscle strength at week 0, 4, and 16.

RESULTS: Forty patients were recruited (control 19, VKD 21). Three patients in the control group dropped out during week 16 training, whereas the VKD group had no dropouts. The VKD group reported significantly earlier improvement in SUI scores, as assessed by the Australian pelvic floor questionnaires (P = .035) at week 4. However, there was no significant difference between the groups' SUI scores at week 16. Pelvic floor muscle strength was significantly better in the VKD group at week 4 (P = .025) and week 16 (P = 0.001). The subjective cure rate was similar in both groups at week 16 (62.5% for control and 61.9% for VKD) (P = 0.742).

CONCLUSION: Using the VKD resulted in significant early improvement in SUI scores, and pelvic muscle strength had improved significantly by the end of the study. The VKD proved useful as an adjunct for pelvic floor training.

Matched MeSH terms: Biofeedback, Psychology/instrumentation*

Fulltext Inhibitory effects of biofeedback electrostimulation therapy on pain and cortisol levels in chronic neuropathic pain: A randomized-controlled trial

Mansor M, Shan Lee Z, San LP, Mei Ng M, Al-Abd N, Kassim M

Turk J Phys Med Rehabil, 2021 Mar;67(1):62-68.

PMID: 33948545 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2021.4672

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of biofeedback electrostimulation therapy (BEST) in chronic neuropathic pain and to evaluate changes in perceived level of pain and level of blood cortisol before and after treatment.

Patients and methods: This single-blind, prospective, randomized-controlled study included a total of 20 patients (8 males, 12 females; mean age: 53.5±13.8; range, 31 to 82 years) with chronic neuropathic pain between January 2014 and June 2014. The patients were randomized to BEST (n=10) or placebo (n=10) group. Pain was measured using the Visual Analog Scale, and serum cortisol levels were measured before and after treatment.

Results: There was no significant difference in the baseline demographics, diagnosis, and treatment modalities between the groups. Approximately 50% patients in the treatment group reported that the treatment was effective, compared to 30% in the placebo group. Pain score reduction after treatment in the BEST group was significant (p<0.05), while it was not significant in the placebo group (p=0.4). Cortisol levels significantly reduced only in the BEST group after treatment (p=0.013).

Conclusion: The BEST yields reduction in pain severity and cortisol levels. Based on these results, it seems to be effective in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain after a single treatment and may be more effective for long-term management.

Matched MeSH terms: Biofeedback, Psychology

Fulltext The Psychological Sequelae during mental health and COVID-19 Pandemic: learning from the past for today’s coping styles

Hatta, S.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):1-4.

MyJurnal

Psychophysiological effect associated to an event is inseparable with regard to the human’s mental health (Celik 2010; Cannon 1987; Roxo et al. 2011; Laird & Lacasse 2014). The manifestation of psychophysiological phenomenon in relation to an event has been observed during pre-modern era and inspired physician like Avicenna from the influence of the great thinker of Aristotle and Plato. Avicenna or IbnuSina, the Persian-born philosopher and physician from the Greco-Islamic era, has made his standpoint on the clinical importance of pulsology (Celik 2010). In his earlier concepts on pulse patterns, it was found that pulse would rise when he or she is anticipating an event, especially if an event is meaningful and related to him or her. Avicenna documented in dealing with such events, the psychophysiological changes that were observed, i.e. increased pulse from normal pulse. For example, a man who is approaching a house with a lady that he loved, started to experience tachycardia and palpitation. Sphygmology, a study of pulses is based on the contribution by Ibnu-Sina (Zarshenas et al. 2013). It is a relatively simple, practical and inexpensive means, having a significant diagnosis yield (Zarshenas et al. 2013). It has been recognised through the history of medicine, over the centuries, that we have a better understanding on the fundamental concept of coping with stress by observing our own pulses. Using this modest physiological approach, it has contributed to the modern way in dealing with distressed situation-the psychophysiology of biofeedback therapy and instilling the Buddhist teaching of mindfulness. For example in the former, biofeedback is a simple way of overcoming stress. Biofeedback therapy is a method that trains people to enhance their health by regulating certain bodily processes that normally happen involuntarily (Abgrall-Barbry & Consoli 2006). Once we are in a stressful state, our pulse and blood pressure will increase. Meditating, or self-dialogueand telling our brain that, “I am in control and can dictate my pulse from the highest to lowest possible beat,” can be helpful in dealing with our stress level via higher mental function coordination. Indeed, regulation of basic physiological phenomena and psychological input-“calming the mind” has both anatomical and neurophysiological explanation via the reticular activating system and thalamic integration. Understanding a simple way in managing with stress, especially during the difficult and stressful time can be gratifying and rewarding. This is especially true when it comes to inconveniences, hassle and problems due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and during the movement control order (MCO).

Matched MeSH terms: Biofeedback, Psychology

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