MyMedR

Janeway lesion and infective endocarditis

Cheo SW, Low QJ

QJM, 2021 05 19;114(3):219-220.

PMID: 32539138 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa196

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections*

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of end-stage liver disease complicated by infections

Chen T, Chen G, Wang G, Treeprasertsuk S, Lesmana CRA, Lin HC, et al.

Hepatol Int, 2024 Jun;18(3):817-832.

PMID: 38460060 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10637-3

End-stage liver disease (ESLD) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome and when complicated with infection the mortality is markedly increased. In patients with ESLD, bacterial or fungal infection can induce or aggravate the occurrence or progression of liver decompensation. Consequently, infections are among the most common complications of disease deterioration. There is an overwhelming need for standardized protocols for early diagnosis and appropriate management for patients with ESLD complicated by infections. Asia Pacific region has the largest number of ESLD patients, due to hepatitis B and the growing population of alcohol and NAFLD. Concomitant infections not only add to organ failure and high mortality but also to financial and healthcare burdens. This consensus document assembled up-to-date knowledge and experience from colleagues across the Asia-Pacific region, providing data on the principles as well as evidence-based current working protocols and practices for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with ESLD complicated by infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications; Bacterial Infections/diagnosis

Bloodstream infections in cancer patients with febrile neutropenia

Feld R

Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2008 Nov;32 Suppl 1:S30-3.

PMID: 18778919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.017

Bloodstream infections (bacteraemia) account for approximately 25-30% of febrile episodes in patients with febrile neutropenia (FN). In developed countries, Gram-positive pathogens predominate. Mortality is higher in Gram-negative bacteraemia. A recent study involving 2142 patients with FN was reviewed, including 168 patients with Gram-negative bacteraemia (mortality 18%), 283 patients with Gram-positive bacteraemia (mortality 5%) and 48 patients with polymicrobial bacteraemia (mortality 13%). Among patients who received prophylactic antibiotics, Gram-positive bacteraemia was far more common than Gram-negative bacteraemia (75% vs. 25%), compared with approximately 50% of each in patients without prophylactic antibiotics. Patients with a Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) score <15 had a 36% mortality compared with 3% if the MASCC score was >21. The MASCC score may help risk stratification of patients with FN and bacteraemia, although these data require confirmation. In two series of patients from developing countries (Lebanon and Malaysia), Gram-negative bacteraemia was more common and mortality was higher. In developing countries, Gram-negative bacteraemia may be more frequent due to less use of prophylactic antibiotics and central lines. Laboratory markers may have predictive and prognostic value for bacteraemia in patients at the onset of FN, including mannose-binding lectin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and procalcitonin, but further studies are required before they can be recommended. New therapies are required to lower the mortality in patients with FN with a high risk for bacteraemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/diagnosis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/diagnosis; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/epidemiology

Fulltext Use of extracorporeal blood purification therapy (ECBPT) as an adjuvant to high-dose corticosteroids in a severely ill COVID-19 patient with concomitant bacterial infection

Lim MX, Fong KK, Yeap TB

BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Oct 13;14(10).

PMID: 34645636 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245639

COVID-19 presents with a spectrum of severity, ranging from asymptomatic or mild symptoms to those with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Corticosteroids are widely used for their efficacy in reducing inflammatory responses. However, its use may be limited to patients with immunosuppression. An adjunct therapy for cytokine storm in COVID-19 is extracorporeal blood purification therapies using high adsorptive filters, such as oXiris, to remove cytokines. We share our experience in using continuous renal replacement therapy with oXiris haemofilter as a temporising measure to high-dose corticosteroids in managing cytokine storm in a deteriorating COVID-19 patient with concomitant bacterial infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections*

Nanoparticles approach to eradicate bacterial biofilm-related infections: A critical review

Al-Wrafy FA, Al-Gheethi AA, Ponnusamy SK, Noman EA, Fattah SA

Chemosphere, 2022 Feb;288(Pt 2):132603.

PMID: 34678351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132603

Biofilm represents one of the crucial factors for the emergence of multi-drug resistance bacterial infections. The high mortality, morbidity and medical device-related infections are associated with biofilm formation, which requires primarily seek alternative treatment strategies. Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising method for eradicating bacterial biofilm-related infection. The efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) against bacterial infections interest great attention, and the researches on the subject are rapidly increasing. However, the majority of studies continue to focus on the antimicrobial effects of NPs in vitro, while only a few achieved in vivo and very few registered as clinical trials. The present review aimed to organize the scattered available information regarding NPs approach to eradicate bacterial biofilm-related infections. The current review highlighted the advantages and disadvantages associated with this approach, in addition to the challenges that prevent reaching the clinical applications. It was appeared that the production of NPs either as antimicrobials or as drug carriers requires further investigations to overcome the obstacles associated with their kinetic and biocompatibility.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections*

The perspectives of the application of biofilm in the prevention of chronic infections

Ali Ahmed AB, Taha RM

Adv. Food Nutr. Res., 2011;64:403-16.

PMID: 22054964 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-387669-0.00031-4

Biofilms are a natural part of the ecology of the earth. Many biofilms are quite harmful and must be treated or controlled. Other biofilms are beneficial and can be used to help fix serious problems. Biofilms can grow on many different surfaces, including rocks in water, foods, teeth, and various biomedical implants. This bacterial colonization may present the need for additional operations, amputation, or it may even lead to death. The fundamental principles of bacterial cell attachment and biofilm formation are discussed. Biofilms represents a new, wide-open field practice and research that is only going to get hotter with time. Functional organic plasma polymerized coatings are also discussed for their potential as bio-sensitive interfaces, connecting metallic electronic devices with their physiological environments.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/microbiology*; Bacterial Infections/prevention & control*

Nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit

Hanifah YA, Yusof MY

Malays J Pathol, 1991 Jun;13(1):33-5.

PMID: 1795559

A total of 676 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur between January 1989 and March 1990. Fifty-one hospital-acquired infections were recorded, giving a rate of 7.6%. The most frequent site of infection was the respiratory tract (41.2%), followed by the urinary tract (27.5%). Most of the pathogens were gram-negative bacilli (71%). The three most common pathogens were Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/microbiology; Bacterial Infections/epidemiology*

Fulltext The role of group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) as a biomarker for the diagnosis of sepsis and bacterial infection in adults-A systematic review

Tan TL, Goh YY

PLoS One, 2017;12(7):e0180554.

PMID: 28671974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180554

INTRODUCTION: This paper investigates the role of Group II Secretory Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) as a biomarker for the diagnosis of sepsis and bacterial infection in adults. Sepsis and bacterial infection are common problems encountered by patients in the hospital and often carry adverse outcomes if not managed early.

METHODS: Two independent reviewers conducted a comprehensive search using Ovid MEDLINE published from years 1993 to 2016 and SCOPUS published from year 1985 to 2017 to screen for relevant studies. The main inclusion criteria included adult subjects, patients with suspected or confirmed signs of infection and relevant outcomes which looked into the role of sPLA2-IIA in detecting the presence of sepsis and bacterial infection in the subjects.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Four studies met the inclusion criteria. SPLA2-IIA was found to be effective in detecting the presence of sepsis and bacterial infection in adults. The levels of serum sPLA2-IIA also correlated well with the presence of sepsis and bacterial infection.

CONCLUSION: This systematic review highlights the role of sPLA2-IIA as a reliable tool to diagnose sepsis and bacterial infection in adult patients. Nonetheless, further studies should be done in the future to provide more compelling evidence on its application in the clinical setting.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/diagnosis*; Bacterial Infections/enzymology

Fulltext Ochrobactrum anthropi catheter-related bloodstream infection: the first case report in malaysia

Siti Rohani AH, Tzar MN

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):267-8.

PMID: 23749021 MyJurnal

A 60-year old Malay man presented with an intermittent lowgrade fever for 3 days and worsening of right ankle ulcers. He was known to have ischaemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension and end stage renal failure and was on regular haemodialysis. The organisms isolated from the peripheral and central blood specimens were identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi, a rarely encountered gramnegative bacillus with a unique antibiotic susceptibility profile. His condition improved after removal of the catheters and administration of antibiotic therapy. This case report highlights the importance of being wary of such rare, opportunistic pathogens and good communication between the microbiologists and the clinicians.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections*

Fulltext A fatal case of pulmonary chromobacterium violaceum infection in an adult

Cheong BM

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65(2):148-9.

PMID: 23756802 MyJurnal

Chromobacterium violaceum is a gram negative, facultative anaerobic coccobacillus. Human infections are rare and usually occur after exposure to contaminated soil or water. Infections can present with fulminant septicemia, multiple abscesses and rapidly spreading soft tissue infections. Here we present a fatal case of pulmonary Chromobacterium violaceum infection following aspiration of drain water. Treatment with fluroquinolones in combination with either co-trimoxazole or amikacin has been described in successfully treated cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections*

Fulltext A very rare and rapidly fatal case of Chromobacterium violaceum septicemia

Ang YM

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Oct;59(4):535-7.

PMID: 15779589

Chromobacterium violaceum infection is rare but causes a high mortality rate particularly in immunosuppressed persons. Since its clinical presentation is non-specific and the diagnosis basically relies upon blood culture and sensitivity, this infection should be considered among the organisms targeted empirically for antibiotic therapy when a cellulitis or rapidly progressive illness follows exposure to water or soil. This is a case of fulminant septicemia caused by this rarely encountered organism.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections*

Fulltext Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia in a patient with chronic active hepatitis

Segasothy M, Jamal F

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Sep;37(3):211-2.

PMID: 7176998

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications*

Oral manifestations of microbial diseases

Singh G, Krishnan S

Med J Malaysia, 1978 Mar;32(3):232-5.

PMID: 683048

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/complications*

Possible underestimation of SIBO in IBS patients: is lack of Glucose Breath Test standardization responsible?

Erdogan A, Rao SS, Gulley D, Jacobs C, Lee YY, Badger C

Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2015 Aug;27(8):1192-3.

PMID: 26220649 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12603

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/diagnosis*

Worldwide trend discovery of structural and functional relationship of metallo-β-lactamase for structure-based drug design: A bibliometric evaluation and patent analysis

Azman AA, Leow ATC, Noor NDM, Noor SAM, Latip W, Ali MSM

Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Jan;256(Pt 2):128230.

PMID: 38013072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128230

Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) is an enzyme produced by clinically important bacteria that can inactivate many commonly used antibiotics, making them a significant concern in treating bacterial infections and the risk of having high antibiotic resistance issues among the community. This review presents a bibliometric and patent analysis of MBL worldwide research trend based on the Scopus and World Intellectual Property Organization databases in 2013-2022. Based on the keywords related to MBL in the article title, abstract, and keywords, 592 research articles were retrieved for further analysis using various tools such as Microsoft Excel to determine the frequency analysis, VOSviewer for bibliometric networks visualization, and Harzing's Publish or Perish for citation metrics analysis. Standard bibliometric parameters were analysed to evaluate the field's research trend, such as the growth of publications, topographical distribution, top subject area, most relevant journal, top cited documents, most relevant authors, and keyword trend analysis. Within 10 years, MBL discovery has shown a steady and continuous growth of interest among the community of researchers. United States of America, China, and the United Kingdom are the top 3 countries contribute high productivity to the field. The patent analysis also shows several impactful filed patents, indicating the significance of development research on the structural and functional relationship of MBL for an effective structure-based drug design (SBDD). Developing new MBL inhibitors using SBDD could help address the research gap and provide new successful therapeutic options for treating MBL-producing bacterial infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections*

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [SBP]

Chutaputti A

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:12-4.

PMID: 16108166

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/diagnosis; Bacterial Infections/etiology; Bacterial Infections/prevention & control*

[Gastroenteritis due to Plesiomonas shigelloides--rare cases in the Western world]

Knebel U, Sloot N, Eikenberg M, Borsdorf H, Höffler U, Riemann JF

Med. Klin. (Munich), 2001 Feb 15;96(2):109-13.

PMID: 11253281

BACKGROUND: Plesiomonas shigelloides is a common pathogen in tropical regions, whereas it is rarely isolated in temperate climates. It is most often found in surface water and fish. During the last 10 years it was found to cause gastroenteritis 6 times in Ludwigshafen. Not all of these patients reported a trip to foreign countries.

CASE REPORT: A 54-year-old male patient was hospitalized after a trip to Malaysia with strong greenish watery diarrhea and chills. On physical examination we saw a dehydrated patient in severely reduced general condition. The stool frequency was 30/d. The laboratory examinations only showed elevated parameters of inflammation. Plesiomonas shigelloides was cultivated in the stool cultures. With appropriate substitution of fluid and electrolytes, and antidiarrheal therapy the patient resumed a normal diet without any complications. Three days later his bowel movements were normal and his general condition was greatly improved. We withheld antibiotic therapy because of the noncomplicated course of illness.

CONCLUSION: In Germany infections with Plesiomonas shigelloides are rare, an increase is observed because of increasing tourism to tropical regions. The course of infection is sometimes asymptomatic, but usually patients develop an acute gastroenteritis. Especially immunocompromised patients can show serious courses of infection. Plesiomonas shigelloides should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis after journeys to tropical regions. Some of our patients, however, denied traveling to tropical regions. They also denied consuming seafood, which indicates a risk of infection in Germany. Still an infection with Plesiomonas shigelloides seems to be rare in northern European countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology*; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/therapy

Fulltext Bacteraemic infections in a neonatal intensive care unit--a nine-month survey

Lim NL, Wong YH, Boo NY, Kasim MS, Chor CY

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):59-63.

PMID: 7752978

A survey was conducted to determine the rate, outcome, and culture and sensitivity patterns of bacteraemic infections in a large Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Over a nine-month period, 136 episodes of infection occurred in 132 (6.9%) out of 1926 admissions. Early onset infection accounted for 35 episodes (25.7%) and was associated with a higher mortality rate compared to late onset infection (45.7% vs 23.8%, p < 0.02). Very low birthweight (VLBW) infants had significantly higher rates of infection (19.4% vs 5.3%, p < 0.001) and mortality (45.2% vs 23.3%, p < 0.02) compared to bigger babies. Gram negative bacilli accounted for 25 early and 90 late isolates while gram positive organisms accounted for 10 early and 16 late isolates. The two main organisms (Acinetobacter and Klebsiella) showed a 69.0 to 85.3% resistance to aminoglycosides and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Ten of 13 isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and 3 of 4 Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin resistant. Multiply resistant infections were a major problem in this NICU and efforts to eradicate them needed to be intensified.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/microbiology; Bacterial Infections/mortality; Bacterial Infections/epidemiology*

Fournier's gangrene: its aetiology and management

Thambi Dorai CR, Kandasami P

Aust N Z J Surg, 1991 May;61(5):370-2.

PMID: 2025192

The clinical features and management of 12 patients with Fournier's gangrene are described. The patients differed from the usual description of Fournier's gangrene in that they were older, the disease had a less abrupt onset and a definite predisposing factor was identified in 10 of the 12 patients. The importance of early diagnosis and excision of necrotic tissue is emphasized.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/etiology; Bacterial Infections/pathology*; Bacterial Infections/surgery

Fulltext Global Antimicrobial Stewardship with a Focus on Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Pierce J, Apisarnthanarak A, Schellack N, Cornistein W, Maani AA, Adnan S, et al.

Int J Infect Dis, 2020 Jul;96:621-629.

PMID: 32505875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.126

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health crisis. Antimicrobial Stewardship involves adopting systematic measures to optimize antimicrobial use, decrease unnecessary antimicrobial exposure and to decrease the emergence and spread of resistance. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a disproportionate burden of antimicrobial resistance and also face challenges related to resource availability. Although challenges exist, the World Health Organization has created a practical toolkit for developing Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) that will be summarized in this article.

Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/drug therapy*; Bacterial Infections/economics; Bacterial Infections/microbiology

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