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Parental awareness of side effects associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids in Malaysian asthmatic children

Chan PW

J Paediatr Child Health, 2000 Oct;36(5):522.
PMID: 11036818
Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects*
Acute myopathy after status asthmaticus: steroids, myorelaxants or carbon dioxide?

Goh AY, Chan PW

Respirology, 1999 Mar;4(1):97-9.
PMID: 10339738

Acute myopathy complicating treatment of status asthmaticus has been increasingly recognized since its original description in 1977. We report a case of an 11-year-old boy with severe asthma requiring mechanical ventilation. He was given high doses of parenteral steroids and neuromuscular blockade with non-depolarizing agents in order to achieve controlled hypoventilation with an ensuing hypercapnoea. He developed rhabdomyolysis with elevated creatinine kinase and renal impairment secondary to myoglobinuria. Electrophysiological studies revealed myopathic abnormalities. The aetiology for this myopathy appears to be related to therapy with parenteral steroids, muscle-relaxant agents and respiratory acidosis. Patients treated with steroids and neuromuscular blocking agents should be regularly monitored for development of myopathy.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects*
Fulltext Effects of aspirin and non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the incidence of recurrent colorectal adenomas: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials

Veettil SK, Lim KG, Ching SM, Saokaew S, Phisalprapa P, Chaiyakunapruk N

BMC Cancer, 2017 Nov 14;17(1):763.
PMID: 29137605 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3757-8

BACKGROUND: Beneficial effects of aspirin and non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) against recurrent colorectal adenomas have been documented in systematic reviews; however, the results have not been conclusive. Uncertainty remains about the appropriate dose of aspirin for adenoma prevention. The persistence of the protective effect of NSAIDs against recurrent adenomas after treatment cessation is yet to be established.
METHODS: Our objective was to update and systematically evaluate the evidence for aspirin and other NSAIDs on the incidence of recurrent colorectal adenomas taking into consideration the risks of random error and to appraise the quality of evidence using GRADE (The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. Retrieved trials were evaluated using Cochrane risk of bias instrument. Meta-analytic estimates were calculated with random-effects model and random errors were evaluated with trial sequential analysis (TSA).
RESULTS: In patients with a previous history of colorectal cancer or adenomas, low-dose aspirin (80-160 mg/day) compared to placebo taken for 2 to 4 years reduces the risk of recurrent colorectal adenomas (relative risk (RR), 0.80 [95% CI (confidence interval), 0.70-0.92]). TSA indicated a firm evidence for this beneficial effect. The evidence indicated moderate GRADE quality. Low-dose aspirin also reduces the recurrence of advanced adenomas (RR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.44-0.99]); however, TSA indicated lack of firm evidence for a beneficial effect. High-dose aspirin (300-325 mg/day) did not statistically reduce the recurrent adenomas (RR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.68-1.18]). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors (e.g. celecoxib 400 mg/day) were associated with a significant decrease in the recurrence of both adenomas (RR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.59-0.72]) and advanced adenomas (RR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.33-0.57]); however, this association did not persist and there was a trend of an increased risk of recurrent adenomas observed 2 years after the withdrawal.
CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm the beneficial effect of low-dose aspirin on recurrence of any adenomas; however, effect on advanced adenomas was inconclusive. COX-2 inhibitors seem to be more effective in preventing recurrence of adenomas; however, there was a trend of an increased risk of recurrence of adenomas observed after discontinuing regular use.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects*
Heparins in ulcerative colitis: proposed mechanisms of action and potential reasons for inconsistent clinical outcomes

Lean QY, Gueven N, Eri RD, Bhatia R, Sohal SS, Stewart N, et al.

Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 2015;8(6):795-811.
PMID: 26308504 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2015.1082425

Current drug therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC) are not completely effective in managing moderate-to-severe UC and approximately 20% of patients with severe UC require surgical interventions. Heparins, polydisperse mixtures of non-anticoagulant and anticoagulant oligosaccharides, are widely used as anticoagulants. However, heparins are also reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. Unfractionated heparin was initially used in patients with UC for the treatment of rectal microthrombi. Surprisingly, it was found to be effective in reducing UC-associated symptoms. Since then, several pre-clinical and clinical studies have reported promising outcomes of heparins in UC. In contrast, some controlled clinical trials demonstrated no or only limited benefits, thus the potential of heparins for the treatment of UC remains uncertain. This review discusses potential mechanisms of action of heparins, as well as proposed reasons for their contradictory clinical effectiveness in the treatment of UC.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects
Fulltext Warfarin--topical salicylate interactions: case reports

Ramanathan M

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Sep;50(3):278-9.
PMID: 8926909

This paper deals with two patients on warfarin in whom the use of topical methylsalicylate preparations led to clinically significant bleeding problems. The first patient required fresh frozen plasma to tide over the crisis while the second patient recovered spontaneously on stopping the warfarin temporarily. The possible mechanisms by which salicylates potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin are briefly outlined.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects*
Fulltext Palmatine as an Agent Against Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Complications: A Review

Ekeuku SO, Pang KL, Chin KY

Drug Des Devel Ther, 2020;14:4963-4974.
PMID: 33235437 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S280520

Palmatine is a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid with various pharmacological properties. Given its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, palmatine may be able to impede the effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its related diseases triggered by inflammation and oxidative stress. This review summarises the existing literature about the effects of palmatine supplementation on MetS and its complications. The evidence shows that palmatine could protect against MetS, and cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, which might be associated with MetS. These protective effects are mediated by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of palmatine. Although preclinical experiments have demonstrated the efficacy of palmatine against MetS and its related diseases, no human clinical trials have been performed to validate these effects. This research gap should be bridged to validate the efficacy and safety of palmatine supplementation in protecting humans against MetS and its related diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects
Cerebral tuberculoma with pulmonary tuberculosis in a patient with psoriasis treated with adalimumab, an anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agent

Selvarajah L, Choon SE, Tarekh NA, Chhetri AD

Int J Dermatol, 2016 Feb;55(2):e115-7.
PMID: 26566776 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13047
Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects*
A systematic review of the protective role of swertiamarin in cardiac and metabolic diseases

Leong XY, Thanikachalam PV, Pandey M, Ramamurthy S

Biomed Pharmacother, 2016 Dec;84:1051-1060.
PMID: 27780133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.044

BACKGROUND: Swertiamarin, is a secoiridoid glycoside found in genera of Enicostemma Species (Enicostemma littorale and Enicostemma axillare) belonging to the family of gentianaceae, which has been reported to cure many diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, arthritis, malaria and abdominal ulcers. However, to the best of our knowledge, till date systematic studies to understand the molecular basis of cardiac and metabolic disease preventing properties of swertiamarin has not been reported.
AIM OF THE REVIEW: The present review aims to compile an up-to-date information on the progress made in the protective role of swertiamarin in cardiac and metabolic diseases with the objective of providing a guide for future research on this bioactive molecule.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information on the swertiamarin was collected from major scientific databases (Pubmed, Springer, google scholar, and Web of Science) for publication between1974-2016. In this review, the protective role of swertiamarin on cardiac and metabolic diseases was discussed.
RESULTS: Swertiamarin reported to exhibit a wide range of biological activities such as anti-atherosclerotic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These activities were mainly due to its effect on various signaling pathways associated with cardiac remodeling events such as inhibition of NF-kB expression, LDL oxidation, apoptosis, inflammatory and lipid peroxidation markers and stimulation of antioxidant enzymes.
CONCLUSION: Sweriamarin exhibit a wide range of biological activities. This review presents evidence supporting the point of view that swertiamarin should be considered a potential therapeutic agent against cardiac and metabolic diseases, giving rise to novel applications in their prevention and treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects
Fulltext Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of Polygonum minus: a review of literature

Hamid AA, Aminuddin A, Yunus MHM, Murthy JK, Hui CK, Ugusman A

Rev Cardiovasc Med, 2020 Jun 30;21(2):275-287.
PMID: 32706215 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.02.50

Inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Natural products play an important role as nutritional supplements with potential health benefits in cardiovascular diseases. Polygonum minus (PM) is an aromatic plant that is widely used as a flavoring agent in cooking and has been recognized as a plant with various medicinal properties including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Phytoconstituents found in PM such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds contribute to the plant's antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. We conducted this review to systematically identify articles related to the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of PM. A computerized database search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and ACS publication, from 1946 until May 2020, and the following keywords were used: 'Kesum OR Polygonum minus OR Persicaria minor' AND 'inflammat* OR oxida* OR antioxida*'. A total of 125 articles were obtained. Another eight additional articles were identified through Google Scholar and review articles. Altogether, 17 articles were used for data extraction, comprising 16 articles on antioxidant and one article on anti-inflammatory activity of PM. These studies consist of 14 in vitro studies, one in vivo animal study, one combined in vitro and in vivo study and one combined in vitro and ex vivo study. All the studies reported that PM exhibits antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities which are most likely attributed to its high phenolic and flavonoid content.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects
Symptomatic spinal epidural lipomatosis after a single local epidural steroid injection

Tok CH, Kaur S, Gangi A

Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2011 Feb;34 Suppl 2:S250-5.
PMID: 20859631 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-010-9982-z

Spinal epidural lipomatosis is a rare disorder that can manifest with progressive neurological deficits. It is characterized by abnormal accumulation of unencapsulated epidural fat commonly associated with the administration of exogenous steroids associated with a variety of systemic diseases, endocrinopathies, and Cushing syndrome (Fogel et al. Spine J 5:202-211, 2005). Occasionally, spinal epidural lipomatosis may occur in patients not exposed to steroids or in patients with endocrinopathies, primarily in obese individuals (Fogel et al. Spine J 5:202-211, 2005). However, spinal lumbar epidural lipomatosis resulting from local steroid injection has rarely been reported. We report the case of a 45-year-old diabetic man with claudication that was probably due to symptomatic lumbar spinal lipomatosis resulting from a single local epidural steroid injection.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects*
Effects of Statin Treatment on Inflammation and Cardiac Function in Heart Failure: An Adjusted Indirect Comparison Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Bonsu KO, Reidpath DD, Kadirvelu A

Cardiovasc Ther, 2015 Dec;33(6):338-46.
PMID: 26280110 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12150

Statins are known to prevent heart failure (HF). However, it is unclear whether statins as class or type (lipophilic or hydrophilic) improve outcomes of established HF.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects
Anti-inflammatory activity of Crinum asiaticum Linne var. japonicum extract and its application as a cosmeceutical ingredient

Kim YH, Kim KH, Han CS, Park SH, Yang HC, Lee BY, et al.

J Cosmet Sci, 2008 Sep-Oct;59(5):419-30.
PMID: 18841306

Crinum asiaticum Linne var. japonicum has long been used as a rheumatic remedy, as an anti-pyretic and as an anti-ulcer treatment, and for the alleviation of local pain and fever in Korea and Malaysia. In order to investigate the possibility of Crinum asiaticum Linne var. japonicum extract as a cosmetic ingredient, we measured its anti-inflammatory effect by its inhibition of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and the release of PGE2, IL-6, and IL-8. We also measured its anti-allergic effect by its inhibition of beta-hexosamidase release. An HPLC experiment after extraction with 95% EtOH at pH 3.5 showed that Crinum asiaticum Linne var. japonicum was mainly composed of lycorine (up to 1%), a well-known immunosuppressor. The content of lycorine varied, depending on the type of plant tissue analyzed and the extraction method. In an anti-inflammatory assay for inhibition of nitric oxide formation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, the ethanol extract of Crinum asiaticum showed an inhibitory activity of NO production in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 58.5 microg/ml). Additional study by RT-PCR demonstrated that the extract of Crinum asiaticum significantly suppressed the expression of the iNOS gene. Moreover, the extract of Crinum asiaticum did not show any cytotoxicity, but did show a cell proliferation effect against LPS (a 10 approximately 60% increase in cell viability). In an assay to determine inhibition of the H2O2-activated release of PGE2, IL-6, and IL-8 in human normal fibroblast cell lines, the release of PGE2 and IL-6 was almost completely inhibited above concentrations of 0.05% and 1%, respectively. Moreover, the release of IL-8 was completely inhibited over the entire range of concentration (>0.0025%). In order to investigate the skin-sensitizing potentials of the extract of Crinum asiaticum, a human clinical test was performed after repeated epicutaneous 48-h applications under an occlusive patch (RIPT). The repeated and single cutaneous applications of Crinum asiaticum Linne var. japonicum extract under the occlusive patch did not provoke any cumulative irritation and sensitization reactions. The result showed that the extract of Crinum asiaticum Linne var. japonicum has a sufficient anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, Crinum asiaticum Linne var. japonicum extract may be useful for development as an ingredient in cosmetic products.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects