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Frequency of presentation of anorexia nervosa in Malaysia

Buhrich N

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 1981 Jun;15(2):153-5.
PMID: 6945106
Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis; Anorexia Nervosa/epidemiology*
Sinus bradycardia in anorexia nervosa--a case report

Habil MH, Loke KH

Med J Malaysia, 1990 Jun;45(2):177-8.
PMID: 2152023

This case report highlights one of the common but usually unrecognised causes of sinus bradycardia in clinical practice. The reasons for misdiagnosis and/or delay in diagnosis of such a condition is also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia Nervosa/complications*; Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis; Anorexia Nervosa/therapy
Eating disorders in Hong Kong

Goh SE, Ong SB, Subramaniam M

Br J Psychiatry, 1993 Feb;162:276-7.
PMID: 8435714
Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis; Anorexia Nervosa/epidemiology*; Anorexia Nervosa/psychology
Dissociative episode secondary to hypoglycemic state in anorexia nervosa: a case report

Ramli M, Hassan AS, Rosnani S

Int J Eat Disord, 2009 Apr;42(3):290-2.
PMID: 19016482 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20596

Hypoglycemic attack had been reported as one of the medical complications in anorexia nervosa.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia Nervosa/complications*
Early adaptive schemas, emotional regulation, and cognitive flexibility in eating disorders: subtype specific predictors of eating disorder symptoms using hierarchical linear regression

Mitchell JS, Huckstepp T, Allen A, Louis PJ, Anijärv TE, Hermens DF

Eat Weight Disord, 2024 Aug 29;29(1):54.
PMID: 39210038 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01682-4

PURPOSE: Understanding how early adaptive schemas, cognitive flexibility, and emotional regulation influence eating disorder (ED) symptoms, and whether this differs across diagnostic subtypes is critical to optimising treatment. The current study investigated the relationship between these variables and ED symptomology in individuals self-reporting an ED diagnosis and healthy controls.
METHODS: A dataset of 1576 online survey responses yielded subsamples for anorexia nervosa (n = 155), bulimia nervosa (n = 55), binge eating disorder (n = 33), other specified feeding or eating disorder (n = 93), and healthy participants (n = 505). The hierarchical linear regression analysis included Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0 Global Score as the dependent variable; Young Positive Schema Questionnaire, Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory subscale scores as the independent variables; and demographic measures as the covariates.
RESULTS: The number of significant predictors varied considerably by ED sub-group. Amongst the anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and healthy subsamples, the adaptive schema Self-Compassion and Realistic Expectations was associated with lower ED symptom severity. In comparison, age and body mass index were the strongest predictors for binge eating disorder, whilst the Expressive Suppression (a subscale of the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire) was the strongest predictor for other specified feeding or eating disorders.
CONCLUSION: Early adaptive schemas, cognitive flexibility, and emotional regulation vary across ED subtype, suggesting the need for tailored treatment that disrupts the self-reinforcing cycle of ED psychopathology. Future research investigating how early adaptive schemas may predict or be associated with treatment response across diagnostic subtypes is needed.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, evidence obtained from multiple time-series with or without the intervention, such as case studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis; Anorexia Nervosa/psychology
Appetite stimulation and weight gain with cyproheptadine (periactin) in tuberculosis patients (double-blind clinical study)

Rahman KM

Med J Malaysia, 1975 Jun;29(4):270-4.
PMID: 1105100
Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia/drug therapy*; Anorexia/etiology
Validity and reliability of the english version of the sick, control, one stone, fat, food (SCOFF) in Malaysia

Wan Wahida WMZ, Lai PSM, Abdul Hadi H

Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2017 Apr;18:55-58.
PMID: 29132739 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.02.001

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Several questionnaires to screen for eating disorders have been validated in Malaysia. However, these tools are lengthy, and require specialist interpretation. The sick, control, one stone, fat, food (SCOFF) is easy to administer by non-specialists, but has not been validated in Malaysia. Therefore, the aim of our study was to validate the SCOFF on a non-clinical sample of tertiary students to determine if it could identify individuals with an eating disorder.
METHODS: We recruited second year tertiary students from five faculties in a university in Malaysia, from June-November 2014, who could understand English. The SCOFF and the EAT-26 were administered at baseline. Two weeks later, the SCOFF was re-administered to assess for reliability.
RESULTS: A total of 292 students were approached, and all agreed to participate (response rate = 100%). There was moderate correlation between the total SCOFF score with the EAT-26's dieting domain (spearman's rho = 0.504, p < 0.001), bulimia and food preoccupation domain (spearman's rho = 0.438, p < 0.001), and total score (spearman's rho = 0.483, p < 0.001). The internal consistency of the SCOFF was low (Cronbach alpha = 0.470). At retest, kappa scores ranged from 0.211 to 0.591. The sensitivity of the SCOFF was 77.4%, and its specificity was 60.5%. The positive predictive value was 18.9%, and its negative predictive value was 95.8%.
CONCLUSIONS: The SCOFF was found to have adequate convergent validity and stable reliability. However, its internal consistency was low. The SCOFF can still be used in clinical practice. However, its positive results should be interpreted with caution due to its low positive predictive value.
KEYWORDS: Eating disorder; Malaysia; SCOFF; Sensitivity; Specificity; Validation

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis; Anorexia Nervosa/prevention & control
Neurobehavioral performances among lead exposed workers in Malaysia: an early detection of lead toxicity

Mazrura Sahani, Noor Hassim Ismail

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2005;2(1):1-9.
MyJurnal

The objectives of this study is to evaluate subjective symptoms and neurobehavioral performances among workers exposed to lead and its relation with blood lead levels. The methodology of this study was restricted to 141 Malaysian battery manufacturing factories male workers with mean (SD) age of 35.2 (9.6) years, years of employment 9.1 (7.1), current blood lead concentration 40.5 (16.8) μg/dl were given WHO neurobehavioral core test battery. Results showed that highly exposed group blood lead level (high ≥ 40 μg/dl) performed less well in 4 of 13 responses reported higher subjective symptoms of weakness of lower limbs and anorexia. Significant correlation was found between blood lead and Digit Symbol, Digit Forward, Digit Backward, Aiming Pursuit Test and Trail B. Regression analysis showed reduction in cognitive, memory and concentration functions at ≤ 30 μg/dl blood lead levels with maximum lead effect at Digit symbol’s score at 40 μg/dl. In conclusion, this study is consistent with the larger body of neurobehavioral tests in lead exposure and has proven the ability of these tests in detecting low level of lead toxicity.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia
Neurological disorders in sheep during signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) toxicity

Abdullah AS, Noordin MM, Rajion MA

Vet Hum Toxicol, 1989 Apr;31(2):128-9.
PMID: 2929118

Severe neurological dysfunction was observed in sheep 4 weeks after grazing on Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens). These neurological disorders included the stamping of forelegs, star-gazing, incoordination, head-pressing against the fence and circling movements. Histologically, numerous vacuolations of various sizes were observed in the white matter of the brain giving rise to a spongy appearance.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia/etiology; Anorexia/veterinary
Fulltext Assessing protein energy wasting in a Malaysian haemodialysis population using self-reported appetite rating: a cross-sectional study

Sahathevan S, Se CH, Ng SH, Chinna K, Harvinder GS, Chee WS, et al.

BMC Nephrol, 2015;16:99.
PMID: 26149396 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0073-x

Poor appetite could be indicative of protein energy wasting (PEW) and experts recommend assessing appetite in dialysis patients. Our study aims to determine the relationship between PEW and appetite in haemodialysis (HD) patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia/diagnosis*; Anorexia/metabolism; Anorexia/epidemiology
Fulltext An adolescent with anorexia nervosa - a case report

Khairani O, Majmin SH, Saharuddin A, Loh SF, Noor Azimah M, Hizlinda T

Malays Fam Physician, 2011;6(2):79-81.
PMID: 25606230 MyJurnal

This case report illustrates an adolescent with clinical presentation of moderate anorexia nervosa with no significant co-morbidities. It highlights the management of anorexia nervosa in the outpatient setting by a multi-disciplinary health care team which includes a family physician, a dietician, a psychologist and a child psychiatrist.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia Nervosa
Fulltext The Effect of Eurycoma Longifolia Jack (Tongkat Ali) on Carbon Tetrachloride -Induced Liver Damage in Rats

Al-Faqeh, H.H., Muhammad, B.Y., Nafie, E.M., Khorshid, A.

Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 2010;8(2):1-18.
MyJurnal

We attempted to investigate possible hepatoprotective effect of Eurycoma longifolia jack (ELJ) using carbon tetrachloride-induced (CC14) acute hepatotoxicity model in rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced by oral administration of 4.0mg/kg of CCI4 in corn oil (1:1) once to one experimental group of 5 rats and, in three other similar groups, challenged doses (300, 750 and 1500 mg/kg respectively) of ELJ were given one day before and one hour after 4.0 mg/kg CC14 and then once daily for three consecutive days. Three other groups of 5 rats each serving as controls were administered with distilled water, corn oil and ELJ (750mg/kg) only respectively. Rats were sacrificed on day three (corn oil & CC14 treated groups) and on day 4 (Distilled water, ELJ alone and CC14 with graded doses of ELJ treated groups) and samples of blood and liver tissue were taken for biochemical (serum) and histopathological examinations to assess hepatoprotection of ELJ against CC14-induced hepatotoxicity. In the low (300mg/kg) and medium (750 mg/kg) dose ELJ treated groups, CCI4 induced moderate inflammation, fatty acid change and necrosis of hepatocytes while in the high (1500mg/kg) dose ELJ, CC14 induced severe inflammation, fatty acid change and necrosis of hepatocytes. Biochemical measurements of ALT and ALP shows a moderate and insignificant reduction of serum levels in the low dose ELJ group but a more significant reduction in the medium and high dose ELJ groups when compared with the CC14 only group. The increase in serum total bilirubin caused by CC14 was non-significantly reduced by all the doses of ELJ. Animals treated with CC14 alone and in groups treated with both CC14 and graded doses of ELJ had a reduction in body weight, food and water intake but in ELJ (750mg/kg) only treated group, no such reduction in body weight, food and water intake was observed. This observation suggest that ELJ administered alone did not cause any toxic effect to the liver but in combination with CCI4, appeared to synergize the CC14-induced hepatotoxicity which increases as the dose of ELJ is increased. The anorexic, hypodypsic and reduced body weight evident in the CC14 alone and in ELJ plus CC14 treated groups but not in animals treated with ELJ alone, suggests that ELJ alone does not induce anorexia, hypodypsia or loss of weight. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that ELJ is not hepatotoxic when given alone and appeared to have some degree of protective effects in rats against CC14-induced hepatotoxicity.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia
Fulltext Cross-Cultural Adaptation And Validation Of The Bahasa Malaysia Version Of The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (Ede-Q)

Ramli, M., Jamaiyah, H., Noor Azimah, M., Khairani, O., Adam, B.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2008;17(2):1-8.
MyJurnal

Introduction: As eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and others are generally becoming more prevalent, it is essential to have a culturally accepted and locally validated questionnaire that is able to detect abnormal eating habits. Objective: To translate the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) into Bahasa Malaysia (BM) and to determine the construct validity, reliability and other psychometric properties of the BM version. Method: Two parallel forward and backward translations were done in BM in accordance to guideline. Its validation was determined by using confirmatory factor analysis among 298 secondary school children. Results: The BM EDE-Q had very good internal consistency with global Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.879. For construct validity, majority of the items managed to produce values of more than 0.4 for confirmatory factor analysis with four unforced distinct factors detected. Conclusions: Analyses of reliability and validity of this BM version of EDE-Q yielded satisfactory results. The BM version produced in this study had good psychometric properties and it is applicable to the Malaysian population. Findings indicated that cultural factors in eating habits certainly influences the effort to adapt the questionnaire within a Malaysian setting.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia Nervosa
Fulltext A case of a living doll: a case report on Anorexia Nervosa with co-morbid obsessive-compulsive disorder by proxy

Koh, B.Y.E., Norharlina, B.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2015;24(2):0-0.
MyJurnal

The authors report a case of co-morbid diagnosis Anorexia Nervosa (AN) with co-morbid diagnosis of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) by proxy. The patient is a 16-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with features of AN and also OCD. To reduce the anxiety of her AN, she incorporated her mother as a proxy to follow specific instructions. The patient received both inpatient and outpatient support, and her condition gradually improved with antidepressants and antipsychotics. This case illustrates a co-morbid presentation of OCD with AN and also the result of family accommodation that led to the family member aiding with the compulsion. Treatment for the case was also briefly discussed.
Study site: emergency department (unspecified)

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia Nervosa
Fulltext Epidemiology and clinico-pathological characteristics of current goat pox outbreak in North Vietnam

Pham TH, Lila MAM, Rahaman NYA, Lai HLT, Nguyen LT, Do KV, et al.

BMC Vet Res, 2020 May 06;16(1):128.
PMID: 32375821 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02345-z

BACKGROUND: In view of the current swine fever outbreak and the government aspiration to increase the goat population, a need arises to control and prevent outbreaks of goat pox. Despite North Vietnam facing sporadic cases of goat pox, this most recent outbreak had the highest recorded morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate. Thus, owing to the likelihood of a widespread recurrence of goat pox infection, an analysis of that outbreak was done based on selected signalment, management and disease pattern (signs and pathology) parameters. This includes examination of animals, inspection of facilities, tissue sampling and analysis for confirmation of goatpox along with questionaires.
RESULTS: It was found that the susceptible age group were between 3 and 6 months old kids while higher infection rate occurred in those under the free-range rearing system. The clinical signs of pyrexia, anorexia, nasal discharge and lesions of pocks were not restricted to the skin but have extended into the lung and intestine. The pathogen had been confirmed in positive cases via PCR as goat pox with prevalence of 79.69%.
CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiology of the current goat pox outbreak in North Vietnam denotes a significant prevalence which may affect the industry. This signals the importance of identifying the salient clinical signs and post mortem lesions of goat pox at the field level in order to achieve an effective control of the disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia
Objective and subjective nutritional assessment of patients with cancer in palliative care

Kwang AY, Kandiah M

Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 2010 Mar;27(2):117-26.
PMID: 19959839 DOI: 10.1177/1049909109353900

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with cancer in palliative care and to examine the interrelationship between objective and subjective nutritional assessment measures. Patients' nutritional status in a palliative care unit of a Malaysian government hospital and a hospice facility were assessed using anthropometric measurements, weight loss at 1/6 months, and the scored patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA). Moderate-to-severe malnutrition was observed in a range from 31% to 69% using both measurements. Common nutritional impact symptoms were pain, xerostomia, and anorexia. Patient-generated subjective global assessment scores were significantly correlated with anthropometric measurements (P < .050). The PG-SGA is equally informative as objective indicators and is recommended as a quickly applied tool for nutritional status assessment of patients with cancer in palliative care.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia/etiology
Fulltext COVID-19-Related Stress and Anxiety, Body Mass Index, Eating Disorder Symptomatology, and Body Image in Women from Poland: A Cluster Analysis Approach

Czepczor-Bernat K, Swami V, Modrzejewska A, Modrzejewska J

Nutrients, 2021 Apr 20;13(4).
PMID: 33924010 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041384

To limit the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), many countries have introduced mandated lockdown or social distancing measures. Although these measures may be successful against COVID-19 transmission, the pandemic and attendant restrictions are a source of chronic and severe stress and anxiety which may contribute to the emergence or worsening of symptoms of eating disorders and the development of negative body image. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to: (1) classify different conditions associated with COVID-19-related stress, COVID-19-related anxiety, and weight status; and (2) analyze and compare the severity of dimensions typically related to eating disorders symptomatology and body image in individuals with different COVID-19-related stress, COVID-19-related anxiety, and weight status. Polish women (N = 671, Mage = 32.50 ± 11.38) completed measures of COVID-19-related stress and anxiety along with body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and bulimia symptomatology subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory, and the appearance evaluation, overweight preoccupation, and body areas satisfaction subscales of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. The following four clusters were identified through cluster analysis: (a) Cluster 1 (N = 269), healthy body weight and low COVID-related stress (M = 3.06) and anxiety (M = 2.96); (b) Cluster 2 (N = 154), healthy body weight and high COVID-related stress (M = 5.43) and anxiety (M = 5.29); (c) Cluster 3 (N = 127), excess body weight and high COVID-related stress (M = 5.23) and anxiety (M = 5.35); (d) Cluster 4 (N = 121), excess body weight and low COVID-related stress (M = 2.69) and anxiety (M = 2.83). Our results showed that Clusters 3 and 4 had significantly greater body dissatisfaction and lower appearance evaluation and body areas satisfaction than Clusters 1 and 2. Cluster 3 also had a significantly higher level of drive for thinness, bulimia, and overweight preoccupation than Clusters 1 and 2. These preliminary findings may mean that the COVID-19 pandemic and attendant anxiety and stress caused by the pandemic are exacerbating symptoms of eating disorders and negative body image, with women with excess weight particularly at risk.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia Nervosa/epidemiology
Diagnostic pitfalls in the evaluation and management of amenorrhea in adolescents

Azurah AG, Zainuddin AA, Jayasinghe Y

J Reprod Med, 2013 Jul-Aug;58(7-8):324-36.
PMID: 23947083

Amenorrhea is a common menstrual problem seen in adolescents. Amenorrhea has been shown to have a negative impact on adolescents' quality of life. In this paper we discuss the various causes and investigations of amenorrhea in adolescents and address management dilemmas for specific conditions. Specific approaches in dealing with adolescents using the HEADSS (Home, Education, Activity, Drugs, Sexual activity, Suicidal) approach are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia Nervosa/complications; Anorexia Nervosa/therapy
Mirtazapine for anorexia nervosa with depression

Jaafar NR, Daud TI, Rahman FN, Baharudin A

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2007 Sep;41(9):768-9.
PMID: 17687663

To report the use of Mirtazapine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa with depression primarily regarding its propensity for weight gain.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia Nervosa/drug therapy*
Fulltext A case of acute kidney injury by near-drowning

Amir A, Lee YL

Malays Fam Physician, 2013;8(3):34-6.
PMID: 25893056 MyJurnal

Acute kidney injury following immersion or near-drowning is rarely described and no data from Malaysia have been found. We report a case of acute kidney injury following a near-drowning event. A 20-year-old man who recovered from near-drowning in a swimming pool 5 days earlier presented to our clinic with abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea and polyuria. Dipstick urinalysis showed a trace of blood. The serum creatinine level was 10-fold higher than the normal range. A bedside ultrasound showed features suggestive of acute tubular necrosis. He is then referred to the hospital with the diagnosis of acute kidney injury with the possibility of acute tubular necrosis secondary to near-drowning. We suggest that any patient presenting after immersion or near-drowning to be should assessed for potential acute kidney injury.

Matched MeSH terms: Anorexia

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