MyMedR

Fulltext Penicillium marneffei infection in an AIDS patient--a first case report from Malaysia

Rokiah I, Ng KP, Soo-Hoo TS

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):101-4.

We report a 39-year-old male who presented with tuberculous meningitis and was found also to be HIV-infected. In the course of his illness, he developed multiple opportunistic infections such as herpes genitalis, oesophageal candidiasis, CMV retinitis and finally succumbed to Penicillium marneffei septicaemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications*

Distal renal tubular acidosis in HIV/AIDS patient

Isa WY, Daud KM

Intern. Med., 2011;50(16):1765-8.

PMID: 21841342

We report a case of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in a patient with HIV infection and AIDS. A 33-year-old HIV-positive man with Hepatitis C and tuberculous lymphadenitis was admitted due to deep venous thrombosis and generalized muscle weakness. He had never received anti-retroviral medication. The blood gases and serum electrolytes showed hyperchloremic normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with severe hypokalemia and alkaline urine. Diagnosis of distal RTA was made. His renal function and serum globulin level remained within normal range throughout his illness. Clinicians should be alert to renal tubular disorders in HIV/AIDS patients even in the absence of anti-retroviral therapy or hypergammaglobulinemic state.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications

Fulltext AIDS presenting as unresolved pneumonia in a 9 year old boy

Lee JK

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):93-4.

PMID: 8341180

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications

Fulltext Psychiatric aspects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A case report

Maniam T, Abu Bakar AK

Med J Malaysia, 1988 Jun;43(2):166-9.

PMID: 3237133

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications*

Fulltext Mapping histoplasmosis in South East Asia - implications for diagnosis in AIDS

Baker J, Setianingrum F, Wahyuningsih R, Denning DW

Emerg Microbes Infect, 2019;8(1):1139-1145.

PMID: 31364950 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1644539

Histoplasmosis caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum is often lethal in patients with AIDS. Urine antigen testing is highly sensitive and much quicker for diagnosis than culture. Histoplasmosis has a patchy and incompletely appreciated distribution around the world especially in South East Asia. We conducted a systematic literature review of cases of all disease forms of histoplasmosis in SE Asia, not including the Indian sub-continent. We also reviewed all histoplasmin skin test mapping studies to determine localities of exposure. We found a total of 407 cases contracted or likely to have been contracted in SE Asia. Numbers of cases by country varied: Thailand (233), Malaysia (76), Indonesia (48) and Singapore (21), with few or no cases reported in other countries. Most cases (255 (63%)) were disseminated histoplasmosis and 177 (43%) cases were HIV associated. Areas of high histoplasmin skin test sensitivity prevalence were found in Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam - 86.4%, 26.0%, 63.6%, 36.0% and 33.7%, respectively. We have drawn maps of these data. Further study is required to ascertain the extent of histoplasmosis within SE Asia. Diagnostic capability for patients with HIV infection is urgently required in SE Asia, to reduce mortality and mis-diagnosis as tuberculosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications*

Fulltext Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients in Malaysia

Nissapatorn V, Lee CK, Cho SM, Rohela M, Anuar AK, Quek KF, et al.

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2003;34 Suppl 2:80-5.

PMID: 19238664

Three hundred and one sera of HIV/AIDS patients were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody by ELISA technique. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 41.2% (95% CI: 35.5-46.9) in HIV/AIDS patients. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in the Malay (57.9%) than the Chinese (38.7%), followed by the Indian patients (29.6%) (p<0.05). No possible risk factor, such as contact with cats, consumption of uncooked meat, and history of blood transfusions was found to have any significant association with the presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibody in the study sample (p>0.05). Multivariate analysis was employed to find any association between Toxoplasma seroprevalence and a single subject having single or multiple risk factors. It was found that the association was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Among the HIV/AIDS study samples, 124 (41.2%) samples were found to have positive anti-Toxoplasma antibody, the association between the presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibody and CD4 cell count was determined but no statistically significant association was found (p>0.05). During the study period, only one case of active CNS toxoplasmosis was registered and the diagnostic criteria included: clinical presentations, CT scan finding, serological evidence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody, and respose to anti-Toxoplasma therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications*

The transition to harm reduction: understanding the role of non-governmental organisations in Malaysia

Narayanan S, Vicknasingam B, Robson NM

Int J Drug Policy, 2011 Jul;22(4):311-7.

PMID: 21300533 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.01.002

The transition of drug policy from prohibition to harm reduction has never been easy. The deeply entrenched belief in prohibition shared by policy makers and religious leaders provided little room for alternatives, and change came only slowly. The non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Malaysia played a pivotal role in effecting such a change. Understanding how they did so may be instructive for other similarly placed countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications

Cutaneous manifestations of patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: A retrospective review of a tertiary referral centre with clinicopathological correlation

Han WH, Yong JY, Yong SS, Faheem NAA, Toh YF, Chew MF, et al.

Australas J Dermatol, 2021 Aug;62(3):286-291.

PMID: 33729571 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13580

INTRODUCTION: The majority of patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) will have cutaneous manifestation during their disease course. We report the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations and clinicopathological concordance in the diagnosis of skin diseases in patients with HIV.

METHODS: A retrospective review of all cutaneous manifestations of HIV-infected patients with skin biopsy-proven histopathological confirmation, treated in the University of Malaya Medical Centre, from 2016 till 2018, was performed. Clinical characteristics and histopathological correlation of these patients were reviewed.

RESULTS: A total of 38 cases were included where the median age was 40.5 (interquartile range (IQR) 13.3). The median duration of HIV diagnosis to the development of skin disease was 3 years (IQR 7.8). Majority of our patients were male (89.5%, n = 34), and the commonest mode of transmission is men who have sex with men (36.8%, n = 14). Most patients (92.1%, n = 35) had Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome when they presented with skin diseases, predominantly non-infectious types (51.4%, n = 19). Commonest skin diseases include eczema (n = 7) and pruritic papular eruption of HIV (n = 6). Papules and plaques were the commonest morphology for both infectious and non-infectious skin diseases. Duration of HIV diagnosis (P = 0.018) and non-compliance to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) (P = 0.014) were significantly associated with the development of non-infectious skin diseases. Overall, clinicopathological concordance was 84.2% in our centre.

CONCLUSION: A wide spectrum of cutaneous diseases can occur in HIV patients depending on the degree of immunosuppression. skin biopsy along with appropriate stains, and microbiological cultures are important in helping clinicians clinch the right diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications*

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