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α-Glucosidase inhibitors: consistency of in silico docking data with in vitro inhibitory data and inhibitory effect prediction of quercetin derivatives

Zhu J, Zhang B, Tan C, Huang Q

Food Funct, 2019 Sep 13.
PMID: 31517355 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01333d

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between in silico experimental data and in vitro inhibitory data of polyphenols against α-glucosidase. The CDOCKER protocol in Discovery Studio was used to dock various polyphenols to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase crystal structure. -CDOCKER energy values and the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital energy and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy were used to study its consistency with in vitro inhibitory data. The results showed that the correlation trend was trustworthy regardless of the data deviation and low correlation coefficient. Despite slight disagreements with some specific polyphenols, the docking data generally explained the effect of the groups (-OH, glycosyl, galloyl, and caffeoyl). The docking results showed that compound 7, a quercetin derivative, can be recommended as a lead antidiabetic compound, with additional anti-obesity effects. Galloyl and caffeoyl moieties are favorable to develop novel αG inhibitors.
Change in coronary heart disease hospitalization after chronic disease management: a programme policy in China

Zhu J, Wang W, Wang J, Zhu L

Health Policy Plan, 2023 Feb 13;38(2):161-169.
PMID: 36420873 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czac101

This study aims at examining changes in coronary heart disease (CHD) hospitalization associated with a novel county-scale chronic disease management (CDM) programme policy implemented in March 2019 in China during the 13th Five-Year period (2016-2020). The CDM programme was designed to improve the health of populations with chronic diseases by means of an integrated way involving both county-level public hospitals and primary care institutes. Data originated from the medical files of CHD inpatients discharged from a secondary hospital from January 2017 to December 2020. A total of 6111 CHD patient records were collected. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess changes in hospitalization direct medical costs and length of stay of CHD patients. The mean direct medical cost of CHD hospitalization was 8419.73 Yuan, and the mean length of stay was 7.57 days. Results suggested that the implementation of CDM reduced hospitalization direct medical cost and bed days by about 23% (1956.12 Yuan at means) and 11.5% (almost 1 day at means), respectively. In addition, a further decreasing trend in medical costs over time was associated with chronic disease management. It is implied that chronic disease management is an effective way of relieving the medical and financial burden of hospitalization.
Enhanced crystallinity and thermal properties of cellulose from rice husk using acid hydrolysis treatment

Hafid HS, Omar FN, Zhu J, Wakisaka M

Carbohydr Polym, 2021 May 15;260:117789.
PMID: 33712137 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117789

Cellulose was extracted from rice husk (RH) using an integrated delignification process using alkaline treatment and acid hydrolysis (concentrated HNO3) for lignocellulosic biomass dissolution. Cellulose yield and quality were assessed through analysis of lignocellulosic content, thermogravimetric, functional group, X-ray diffraction, and surface morphology. HNO3 treatment showed an increment (2.01-fold) in the cellulose content and some enhancement in the crystallinity of cellulose (up to 40.8%). A slight increase was observed in thermal properties from 334.6 °C to 339.3 °C. Economic analysis showed chlorine extraction produce higher cellulose recovery (58%) as compared to HNO3 (26.7%) with the total cost of operation using HNO3 was double compared to chlorine extraction. The economic feasibility of HNO3 can be improved using various progress in the pre-treatment process, chemical recycling and cellulose recovery process since adopting it is crucial for environmental sustainability.
Fulltext Volatile Organic Compounds of Scheffersomyces spartinae W9 Have Antifungal Effect against Botrytis cinerea on Strawberry Fruit

Zou X, Wei Y, Zhu J, Sun J, Shao X

Foods, 2023 Sep 28;12(19).
PMID: 37835272 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193619

This study aims to evaluate the antifungal effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by a marine biocontrol yeast, Scheffersomyces spartinae W9. The results showed that the VOCs from the yeast inhibited the growth of Botrytis cinerea mycelium and spore germination by 77.8% and 58.3%, respectively. Additionally, it reduced the disease incidence and lesion diameter of gray mold on the strawberry fruit surface by 20.7% and 67.4%, respectively. Electronic micrographs showed that VOCs caused damage to the morphology and ultrastructure of the hyphae. Based on headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS), S. spartinae W9 emitted 18 main VOCs, and the pure substance of VOCs, such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, and isoamyl acetate, showed antifungal effects against B. cinerea mycelium growth. Among them, 2-phenylethanol exhibited the strongest antifungal activity. It has been concluded that VOCs are the key antifungal mechanism of S. spartinae W9, and a promising strategy for controlling gray mold on strawberry fruit.
Fulltext Optimal stochastic power flow using enhanced multi-objective mayfly algorithm

Zhu J, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Luo Q, Huang H

Heliyon, 2024 Mar 15;10(5):e26427.
PMID: 38434358 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26427

For the classical multi-objective optimal power flow (MOOPF) problem, only traditional thermal power generators are used in power systems. However, there is an increasing interest in renewable energy sources and the MOOPF problem using wind and solar energy has been raised to replace part of the thermal generators in the system with wind turbines and solar photovoltaics (PV) generators. The optimization objectives of MOOPF with renewable energy sources vary with the study case. They are mainly a combination of 2-4 objectives from fuel cost, emissions, power loss and voltage deviation (VD). In addition, reasonable prediction of renewable power is a major difficulty due to the discontinuous, disordered and unstable nature of renewable energy. In this paper, the Weibull probability distribution function (PDF) and lognormal PDF are applied to evaluate the available wind and available solar power, respectively. In this paper, an enhanced multi-objective mayfly algorithm (NSMA-SF) based on non-dominated sorting and the superiority of feasible solutions is implemented to tackle the MOOPF problem with wind and solar energy. The algorithm NSMA-SF is applied to the modified IEEE-30 and standard IEEE-57 bus test systems. The simulation results are analyzed and compared with the recently reported MOOPF results.
Efficacy and safety of continuous nursing in improving functional recovery after total hip or knee arthroplasty in older adults: A systematic review

Sun J, Xu Y, Zhu J, Zhu B, Gao W

Int J Nurs Sci, 2024 Apr;11(2):286-294.
PMID: 38707686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2024.03.013

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous nursing care for the recovery of joint function in older adults with total hip or knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies of continuous nursing in older patients after joint replacement were searched from the database of Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase from their establishment to October 25, 2023. After literature screening, two researchers completed data extraction, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The risk analysis included in cohort studies was based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).
RESULTS: The study included a total of 15 articles, comprising 34,186 knee and hip replacement patients. In this review, the effects of continuous nursing on the recovery of joint function of knee replacement and hip replacement in older adults were classified and discussed. Continuous nursing interventions targeted for total hip replacement could greatly increase the range of joint mobility, enhance muscle strength during hip movements like flexion, extension, and abduction, maintain joint stability, relieve pain, improve daily activities, and lower the risk of complications. For older patients with knee arthroplasty, continuous nursing programs could markedly improve knee motion range, joint flexion, joint stability, daily activities, and pain management. Despite the implementation of interventions, the incidence of complications caused by total knee replacement did not decrease. Out of all the studies reviewed, only one used a theoretical framework for interventions provided to patients during the postoperative period of hip arthroplasty. The overall quality of the included studies was very high.
CONCLUSION: Continuous nursing can effectively improve the joint function of older patients after joint replacement. However, its effectiveness in terms of clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and medical cost of associated continuous nursing needs to be further clarified. In addition, continuous nursing has no significant advantage in the safety of postoperative complications and readmission rates in older adults after knee joint replacement. To enhance the efficacy and safety of continuous nursing effectively, it is crucial to refine the continuous nursing program in the future, thereby elevating the quality of nursing services.
Fulltext Identifying Significant Metabolic Pathways Using Multi-Block Partial Least-Squares Analysis

Deng L, Guo F, Cheng KK, Zhu J, Gu H, Raftery D, et al.

J Proteome Res, 2020 05 01;19(5):1965-1974.
PMID: 32174118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00793

In metabolomics, identification of metabolic pathways altered by disease, genetics, or environmental perturbations is crucial to uncover the underlying biological mechanisms. A number of pathway analysis methods are currently available, which are generally based on equal-probability, topological-centrality, or model-separability methods. In brief, prior identification of significant metabolites is needed for the first two types of methods, while each pathway is modeled separately in the model-separability-based methods. In these methods, interactions between metabolic pathways are not taken into consideration. The current study aims to develop a novel metabolic pathway identification method based on multi-block partial least squares (MB-PLS) analysis by including all pathways into a global model to facilitate biological interpretation. The detected metabolites are first assigned to pathway blocks based on their roles in metabolism as defined by the KEGG pathway database. The metabolite intensity or concentration data matrix is then reconstructed as data blocks according to the metabolite subsets. Then, a MB-PLS model is built on these data blocks. A new metric, named the pathway importance in projection (PIP), is proposed for evaluation of the significance of each metabolic pathway for group separation. A simulated dataset was generated by imposing artificial perturbation on four pre-defined pathways of the healthy control group of a colorectal cancer study. Performance of the proposed method was evaluated and compared with seven other commonly used methods using both an actual metabolomics dataset and the simulated dataset. For the real metabolomics dataset, most of the significant pathways identified by the proposed method were found to be consistent with the published literature. For the simulated dataset, the significant pathways identified by the proposed method are highly consistent with the pre-defined pathways. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for identification of significant metabolic pathways, which may facilitate biological interpretation of metabolomics data.
Low cost, robust, environmentally friendly, wood supported 3D-hierarchical Cu3SnS4 for efficient solar powered steam generation

Ali N, Abbas S, Cao Y, Fazal H, Zhu J, Lai CW, et al.

J Colloid Interface Sci, 2022 Feb 07;615:707-715.
PMID: 35168019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.012

Solar steam generation has great potential in alleviating freshwater crises, particularly in regions with accessible seawater and abundant insolation. Inexpensive, efficient, and eco-friendly photothermal materials are desired to fabricate sunlight-driven evaporation devices. Here, we have designed an economical strategy to fabricate a high-performance wood-based solar steam generation device. In current study, 3D-hierarchical Cu3SnS4 has been loaded on wood substrates of variable sizes via an in-situ solvothermal method. Considering the water transportation capacity and thermal insulation property of wood, an enhanced light absorption was achieved by a uniform coating of Cu3SnS4 on the inside and outside of the 3D porous structure of the wood. Thanks for the synergistic effect of Cu3SnS4 and wood substrate, the obtained composite endorsed high-performance solar steam generation with a steam generation efficiency of 90% and an evaporation rate as high as 1.35 kg m-2h-1 under one sun.
Selective toxicity of the mesoionic insecticide, triflumezopyrim, to rice planthoppers and beneficial arthropods

Zhu J, Li Y, Jiang H, Liu C, Lu W, Dai W, et al.

Ecotoxicology, 2018 May;27(4):411-419.
PMID: 29404868 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1904-x

The novel mesoionic insecticide triflumezopyrim was highly effective in controlling both imidacloprid-susceptible and resistant planthopper populations in Malaysia. However, the toxicity of triflumezopyrim to planthopper populations and their natural enemies has been under-investigated in China. In this study, the median lethal concentrations (LC50) of triflumezopyrim were determined in eight field populations of Nilaparvata lugens and one population of Sogatella furcifera from China under laboratory conditions. Triflumezopyrim showed higher toxicity to planthopper populations than the commonly-used insecticide, imidacloprid. Furthermore, the lethal effect of triflumezopyrim on eight beneficial arthropods of planthoppers was investigated in the laboratory and compared with three commonly-used insecticides, thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos and abamectin. Triflumezopyrim was harmless to Anagrus nilaparvatae, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis and Paederus fuscipes, while thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos and abamectin were moderately harmful or harmful to the insect parasitoid and predators. Triflumezopyrim and thiamethoxam were harmless to the predatory spiders Pirata subpiraticus, Ummeliata insecticeps, Hylyphantes graminicola and Pardosa pseudoannulata, and slightly harmful to Theridion octomaculatum. Chlorpyrifos caused slight to high toxicity to four spider species except U. insecticeps. Abamectin was moderately to highly toxic to all five spider species. Our results indicate that triflumezopyrim has high efficacy for rice planthoppers populations and is compatibile with their natural enemies in China.
Fulltext Sustainability assurance practices: a systematic review and future research agenda

Hazaea SA, Zhu J, Khatib SFA, Bazhair AH, Elamer AA

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Jan;29(4):4843-4864.
PMID: 34787810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17359-9

Although firms increasingly publish sustainability reports, assuring such reports is relatively new. This study reviews the literature of sustainability assurance to evaluate the intellectual development of the field and provide recommendations for future studies. It also demonstrates the role of assurance to enhance the credibility of sustainability reports and corporate reputation. This paper systematically reviews 94 papers obtained from the Scopus database between 1993 and August 2021. Our study shows that there is an increase in the number of studies published in recent years. We also found that some countries have received limited attention, such as the USA. The scant literature examining sustainability assurance in private institutions and non-profit organisations should be reinforced. Likewise, the sustainability research also provides limited evidence on the governance debate. The vast majority of research is not based on theoretical grounds. The need for assurance of sustainability reports not only enhances the reputation but also adds more value to the organisation's planning, monitoring, and accountability. We highlight several new research suggestions that may enhance the understanding of sustainability assurance practices.
Fulltext Development of Debiasing Technique for Lung Nodule Chest X-ray Datasets to Generalize Deep Learning Models

Horry MJ, Chakraborty S, Pradhan B, Paul M, Zhu J, Loh HW, et al.

Sensors (Basel), 2023 Jul 21;23(14).
PMID: 37514877 DOI: 10.3390/s23146585

Screening programs for early lung cancer diagnosis are uncommon, primarily due to the challenge of reaching at-risk patients located in rural areas far from medical facilities. To overcome this obstacle, a comprehensive approach is needed that combines mobility, low cost, speed, accuracy, and privacy. One potential solution lies in combining the chest X-ray imaging mode with federated deep learning, ensuring that no single data source can bias the model adversely. This study presents a pre-processing pipeline designed to debias chest X-ray images, thereby enhancing internal classification and external generalization. The pipeline employs a pruning mechanism to train a deep learning model for nodule detection, utilizing the most informative images from a publicly available lung nodule X-ray dataset. Histogram equalization is used to remove systematic differences in image brightness and contrast. Model training is then performed using combinations of lung field segmentation, close cropping, and rib/bone suppression. The resulting deep learning models, generated through this pre-processing pipeline, demonstrate successful generalization on an independent lung nodule dataset. By eliminating confounding variables in chest X-ray images and suppressing signal noise from the bone structures, the proposed deep learning lung nodule detection algorithm achieves an external generalization accuracy of 89%. This approach paves the way for the development of a low-cost and accessible deep learning-based clinical system for lung cancer screening.
Fulltext Fabrication of flexible chitosan film reinforced with pulping by-product lignosulfonates for cherry-tomato preservation

Zhu J, Fang Y, Wakisaka M, Saadiah Hafid H, Yang Z, Yin Y, et al.

Food Chem X, 2024 Mar 30;21:101181.
PMID: 38357373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101181

The massive production of food waste and plastic pollution necessitates innovative solutions. This study reports the first fabrication of a flexible chitosan (CH) film reinforced with lignosulfonate (LS) derived from pulping byproduct as a sustainable alternative to synthetic food packaging. The CH/LS composite film was prepared by a simple casting method with varying LS contents of 1 % and 2 %. Compared to CH film, the addition of 2 % LS increased the tensile strength by over 4 times and decreased water vapor permeability by 11 %. Moreover, the CH/LS film exhibited excellent UV-shielding properties. This novel use of LS to reinforce CH film presents an eco-friendly active packaging material. When used to package cherry tomatoes for 2 weeks, the CH/LS film effectively maintained fruit freshness and hardness while minimizing weight loss. This work provides new scientific evidence on the optimized preparation and application of CH/LS composite films from renewable resources for food preservation.
Fulltext Editorial: The immunological regulation of extracellular vesicles on chronic diseases

Wan R, Chen P, Guo S, Zhu J, Mei J, Mai CW, et al.

Front Immunol, 2024;15:1442387.
PMID: 38957467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1442387
Genetic characteristics of human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 circulating from 1999 to 2004 in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China

Li L, He Y, Yang H, Zhu J, Xu X, Dong J, et al.

J Clin Microbiol, 2005 Aug;43(8):3835-9.
PMID: 16081920

The genetic and phylogenetic characteristics of human enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) sampled from children with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, over a 6-year period (1999 to 2004) were examined with reverse transcription-PCR and DNA sequencing. Out of 147 stool specimens, 60 showed positive signals when screened with EV71- and CA16-specific primers. EV71 was identified in 19 specimens, and CA16 was identified in 41 specimens; coinfection by EV71 and CA16 was not observed. Phylogenetic analysis of all EV71 strains isolated from the mainland Chinese samples established C4 as the predominant genotype. Only one other known strain (3254-TAI-98; AF286531), isolated in Taiwan in 1998, was identified as belonging to genotype C4. Phylogenetic analysis of CA16 strains allowed us to identify three new genetic lineages (A, B, and C), with lineage C recently predominating in Asian countries, such as the People's Republic of China, Malaysia, and Japan. These new observations indicate that CA16 circulating in the People's Republic of China is genetically diverse, and additional surveillance is warranted.
Spinal Cord Injury: From MicroRNAs to Exosomal MicroRNAs

Xu X, Liu R, Li Y, Zhang C, Guo C, Zhu J, et al.

Mol Neurobiol, 2024 Aug;61(8):5974-5991.
PMID: 38261255 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03954-7

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an unfortunate experience that may generate extensive sensory and motor disabilities due to the destruction and passing of nerve cells. MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that do not code for proteins but instead serve to regulate protein synthesis by targeting messenger RNA's expression. After SCI, secondary damage like apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy occurs, and differentially expressed microRNAs show a function in these procedures. Almost all animal and plant cells release exosomes, which are sophisticated formations of lipid membranes. These exosomes have the capacity to deliver significant materials, such as proteins, RNAs and lipids, to cells in need, regulating their functions and serving as a way of communication. This new method offers a fresh approach to treating spinal cord injury. Obviously, the exosome has the benefit of conveying the transported material across performing regulatory activities and the blood-brain barrier. Among the exosome cargoes, microRNAs, which modulate their mRNA targets, show considerable promise in the pathogenic diagnosis, process, and therapy of SCI. Herein, we describe the roles of microRNAs in SCI. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of exosomal microRNAs in this disease.
Regional comparison on ciguatoxicity, hemolytic activity, and toxin profile of the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus from Kiribati and Malaysia

Zhu J, Lee WH, Yip KC, Wu Z, Wu J, Leaw CP, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2023 May 10;872:162236.
PMID: 36791857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162236

The dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa can produce Ciguatoxins (CTXs) and Maitotoxins (MTXs) that lead to ciguatera poisoning (CP). The CP hotspots, however, do not directly relate to the occurrence of the ciguatoxic Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. Species-wide investigations often showed no association between CTX level and the molecular identity of the dinoflagellates. In the Pacific region, Kiribati is known as a CP hotspot, while Malaysia has only three CP outbreaks reported thus far. Although ciguatoxic strains of Gambierdiscus were isolated from both Kiribati and Malaysia, no solid evidence on the contribution of ciguatoxic strains to the incidence of CP outbreak was recorded. The present study aims to investigate the regional differences in CP risks through region-specific toxicological assessment of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. A total of 19 strains of Gambierdiscus and a strain of Fukuyoa were analyzed by cytotoxicity assay of the neuro-2a cell line, hemolytic assay of fish erythrocytes, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Gambierdiscus from both Kiribati and Malaysia showed detectable ciguatoxicity; however, the Kiribati strains were more hemolytic. Putative 44-methylgambierone was identified as part of the contributors to the hemolytic activity, and other unknown hydrophilic toxins produced can be potentially linked to higher CP incidence in Kiribati.
Mitigation of oxidative stress damage caused by abiotic stress to improve biomass yield of microalgae: A review

Zhu J, Cai Y, Wakisaka M, Yang Z, Yin Y, Fang W, et al.

Sci Total Environ, 2023 Oct 20;896:165200.
PMID: 37400020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165200

Microalgae have been recognized as emerging cell factories due to the high value-added bio-products. However, the balance between algal growth and the accumulation of metabolites is always the main contradiction in algal biomass production. Hence, the security and effectiveness of regulating microalgal growth and metabolism simultaneously have drawn substantial attention. Since the correspondence between microalgal growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level has been confirmed, improving its growth under oxidative stress and promoting biomass accumulation under non-oxidative stress by exogenous mitigators is feasible. This paper first introduced ROS generation in microalgae and described the effects of different abiotic stresses on the physiological and biochemical status of microalgae from these aspects associated with growth, cell morphology and structure, and antioxidant system. Secondly, the role of exogenous mitigators with different mechanisms in alleviating abiotic stress was concluded. Finally, the possibility of exogenous antioxidants regulating microalgal growth and improving the accumulation of specific products under non-stress conditions was discussed.
Enhancing Gpx1 palmitoylation to inhibit angiogenesis by targeting PPT1

Ma Y, Yuan X, Wei A, Li X, Patar A, Su S, et al.

Redox Biol, 2024 Oct 05;77:103376.
PMID: 39423458 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103376

The significance of protein S-palmitoylation in angiogenesis has been largely overlooked, leaving various aspects unexplored. Recent identification of Gpx1 as a palmitoylated protein has generated interest in exploring its potential involvement in novel pathological mechanisms related to angiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that Gpx1 undergoes palmitoylation at cysteine-76 and -113, with PPT1 playing a crucial role in modulating the depalmitoylation of Gpx1. Furthermore, we find that PPT1-regulated depalmitoylation negatively impacts Gpx1 protein stability. Interestingly, inhibiting Gpx1 palmitoylation, either through expression of a non-palmitoylated Gpx1 mutant or by expressing PPT1, significantly enhances neovascular angiogenesis. Conversely, in PPT1-deficient mice, angiogenesis is notably attenuated compared to wild-type mice in an Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy (OIR) model, which mimics pathological angiogenesis. Physiologically, under hypoxic conditions, Gpx1 palmitoylation levels are drastically reduced, suggesting that increasing Gpx1 palmitoylation may have beneficial effects. Indeed, enhancing Gpx1 palmitoylation by inhibiting PPT1 with DC661 effectively suppresses retinal angiogenesis in the OIR disease model. Overall, our findings highlight the pivotal role of protein palmitoylation in angiogenesis and propose a novel mechanism whereby the PPT1-Gpx1 axis modulates angiogenesis, thereby providing a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting PPT1 to combat angiogenesis.
Fulltext Pulmonary toxicity of instilled silver nanoparticles: influence of size, coating and rat strain

Seiffert J, Hussain F, Wiegman C, Li F, Bey L, Baker W, et al.

PLoS One, 2015;10(3):e0119726.
PMID: 25747867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119726

Particle size and surface chemistry are potential determinants of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) respiratory toxicity that may also depend on the lung inflammatory state. We compared the effects of intratracheally-administered AgNPs (20 nm and 110 nm; polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and citrate-capped; 0.1 mg/Kg) in Brown-Norway (BN) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In BN rats, there was both a neutrophilic and eosinophilic response, while in SD rats, there was a neutrophilic response at day 1, greatest for the 20 nm citrate-capped AgNPs. Eosinophilic cationic protein was increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in BN and SD rats on day 1. BAL protein and malondialdehyde levels were increased in BN rats at 1 and 7 days, and BAL KC, CCL11 and IL-13 levels at day 1, with increased expression of CCL11 in lung tissue. Pulmonary resistance increased and compliance decreased at day 1, with persistence at day 7. The 20 nm, but not the 110 nm, AgNPs increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness on day 1, which continued at day 7 for the citrate-capped AgNPs only. The 20 nm versus the 110 nm size were more proinflammatory in terms of neutrophil influx, but there was little difference between the citrate-capped versus the PVP-capped AgNPs. AgNPs can induce pulmonary eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, features characteristic of asthma.
Fulltext A three-dimensional, anatomy-based nephrometry score to guide nephron-sparing surgery for renal sinus tumors

Huang Q, Gu L, Zhu J, Peng C, Du S, Liu Q, et al.

Cancer, 2020 May 01;126 Suppl 9:2062-2072.
PMID: 32293724 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32748

BACKGROUND: A quantitative nephrometry scoring system specifically for renal sinus tumors will assist in classifying surgical complexity and treatment planning.
METHODS: By using preoperative computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 3-dimensional image reconstruction, 5 critical components were assessed: the ratio of the sinus area occupied by the tumor in relation to the whole sinus area (R), the compression of the renal segmental vessels or collection system by the tumor (O), the anteroposterior relation of the tumor relative to the segmental vessels or collection system (A), the tumor diameter (D), and whether the tumor affects a solitary kidney (S) ("ROADS"). The ROADS score, indicating low, moderate, or high surgical complexity, was then used to guide surgical strategy planning, including cooling techniques, surgical approaches, and parenchyma incision techniques. A cohort of 134 patients with renal sinus tumors was treated based on their ROADS score and was retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS: The authors successfully performed 113 nephron-sparing surgeries and 21 radical nephrectomies with a complication rate of 7.9%. During follow-up, 3 cases were classified according to surgical margin status because they lacked an intact tumor capsule. There was only 1 case of local recurrence, and there were no cases of metastasis. A high ROADS score was correlated with greater operative complexity, such as longer operation and ischemia times and higher estimated blood loss and complication rates. However, renal function and short-term oncologic outcomes were not related to the score.
CONCLUSIONS: The ROADS scoring system provides a standardized, quantitative, 3-dimensional anatomic classification to guide surgical strategy in renal sinus tumors.

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