MyMedR

Displaying all 6 publications

Abstract:

Sort:

Investigation of Salivary RANKL and OPG Levels in Periodontitis Patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Asif S, Ahmad B, Hamza SA, Taib H, Kassim NK, Zainuddin SLA

Eur J Dent, 2021 Sep 27.
PMID: 34571567 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731930

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to determine the levels of salivary receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its association with periodontal status among periodontitis patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed and performed at the Dental Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Random sampling was employed to identify 88 participants into three groups: 30 mild periodontitis, 30 moderate to severe periodontitis, and 28 healthy (nonperiodontitis) patients. Periodontal parameters: periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque score (PS), and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded. In total, 4 mL of unstimulated whole saliva was collected to determine the levels of salivary RANKL and OPG proteins by using ELISA technique. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 24.0.
RESULTS: Mean values for PPD (5.3 ± 0.5) and CAL (5.6 ± 0.5) were observed higher for moderate to severe periodontitis as compared with values (4.4 ± 0.2) (4.5 ± 0.2) in mild periodontitis patients. The mean salivary RANKL and OPG was 0.23 ± 0.07 ng/mL and 1.78 ± 0.70 ng/mL respectively in moderate to severe periodontitis. Only salivary RANKL levels were significantly and positively correlated with all the clinical periodontal parameters.
CONCLUSION: The levels of salivary RANKL were higher as opposed to lower OPG levels in periodontitis patients in contrast to healthy (nonperiodontitis) patients. RANKL levels were significantly associated with the periodontal parameters. Therefore, we can conclude that RANKL can potentially aid as an adjunctive diagnostic protein in evaluating periodontal disease.
Fulltext Phytochemical Compounds of Raw Versus Methanol-Extracted Kelulut, Tualang, and Manuka Honeys

Chu LI, Berahim Z, Mohamad S, Shahidan WNS, Yhaya MF, Zainuddin SLA

Cureus, 2023 Apr;15(4):e38297.
PMID: 37255896 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38297

Honey has been widely used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. It is produced by stinging bees or stingless bees by processing the collected nectar or plant sap in their bodies into raw honey. Extraction of honey will result in the pooling of crude volatile bioactive materials that could enhance its benefits. This work aims to compare the phytochemical characteristics of raw and methanol-extracted honeys in the Kelulut, Tualang and Manuka honeys. All types of raw honey samples were extracted by using the methanol extraction method and both groups were analysed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) at the National Poison Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. The findings showed that 23 compounds were identified in raw Kelulut honey and 18 compounds in methanol-extracted Kelulut honey; 28 compounds were identified in raw Tualang honey and 29 compounds in methanol-extracted Tualang honey; 19 compounds in raw Manuka honey and 22 compounds in methanol-extracted Manuka honey. There were differences in the phytochemical substances detected in raw and methanol-extracted honeys. The major compounds in raw honeys were mostly from the ketone, alcohol, and ester groups, whereas the ketone group was dominant in methanol-extracted honeys. Most bioactive substances identified in the methanol-extracted variant of honeys were more concentrated than the raw variant. A majority of these substances have antimicrobial characteristics.
Effectiveness of Conventional Periodontal Treatment With Tetracycline Fiber Versus Minocycline Gel Application Subgingivally in Periodontitis Patients

Zainuddin SLA, Latib N, Taib H, Ahmad B, Sabarudin MA, Wan Mohamad WM

Cureus, 2024 Feb;16(2):e55167.
PMID: 38558744 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55167

BACKGROUND: Locally delivered antibiotics are adjunctive therapies for the selective removal or inhibition of pathogenic microbes in combination with scaling and root planing (SRP) for the management of periodontitis.
OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tetracycline fibers against minocycline gel when used as local drug delivery in conjunction with SRP for treating periodontitis.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: This is a pilot randomized open single, blinded trial study comparing three treatment modalities: SRP with topical tetracycline fibers (SRP+T), SRP with topical minocycline HCL 2% gel (SRP+M), and SRP only as a control group. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) percentages were recorded at baseline, one month, and at the end of three months. The data were subjected to analysis using IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the clinical outcomes between the three treatment groups, accounting for the repeated measurements at baseline, one month, and three months. A p-value less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was deemed statistically significant.
RESULTS: There were statistically significant changes within the groups in all the clinical parameters, including pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing score, at different time intervals, with the greatest mean pocket depth changes seen in the tetracycline group after one month (mean changes = 1.4 mm, P < 0.001) and over three months (mean changes = 1.79 mm, p < 0.001). For clinical attachment loss, after one month, the highest improvement in clinical level was seen in the minocycline group (mean changes = 0.7mm, p < 0.05), and the overall improvement was seen in the control group (mean changes = 1.1mm, p < 0.05). The minocycline group showed greater mean changes in bleeding on probing percentage, with the greatest changes after one month (mean changes = 19.34%, p < 0.001) and over three months (mean changes = 26.42%, p <0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the groups.
CONCLUSION: Locally delivered tetracycline and minocycline gel are effective as adjuncts to SRP and may improve the healing outcome in the management of periodontitis.
Fulltext Periodontal Health of Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in a Northeast Peninsular Malaysia Tertiary Hospital

Ibrahim HA, Kassim NK, Jamsari FZ, Zainuddin SLA, Hanafi MH, Adnan AS

Malays J Med Sci, 2020 Feb;27(1):106-114.
PMID: 32158350 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.1.11

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with periodontal disease due to its hyperinflammatory state. Limited studies have explored the prevalence of periodontal disease among CKD patients in Malaysia.
Objective: To assess the periodontal status of pre-dialysis CKD patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Methods: A total of 46 pre-dialysis CKD patients who attended the nephrology clinic at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia were enrolled in this study. Periodontal examination was performed using the periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and plaque index.
Results: The majority of the CKD patients were Malay (95.7%) and 80.4% were males. The mean age of the patients was 58.5 years. Using PPD measurement, 37 (74.0%) of the patients had mild periodontitis, 9 (20.0%) had moderate periodontitis and 3 (6.0%) had no periodontitis. Based on CAL measurement, 12 (26%) patients had mild periodontitis, 29 (63.0%) had moderate periodontitis and 5 (11%) had severe periodontitis. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) value of mild and moderate-to-severe periodontitis by PPD measurement were 4.26 (0.26) and 5.24 (0.36), respectively. The mean of mild and moderate-to-severe periodontitis by CAL measurement were 2.66 (0.62) and 4.98 (0.73), respectively. There was no correlation between the periodontal parameters and estimated glomerular filtration rate (PPD: r = -0.160, P = 0.914; CAL: r = -0.135, P = 0.372; plaque index: r = 0.005, P = 0.974).
Conclusion: This study revealed a greater prevalence and severity of chronic periodontitis among CKD patients. Thus, the periodontal health of CKD patients' needs to be screened and monitored.
Fulltext Potential Effects of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Periodontal Parameters, Inflammatory Markers, and Kidney Function Indicators in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

Chaudhry A, Kassim NK, Zainuddin SLA, Taib H, Ibrahim HA, Ahmad B, et al.

Biomedicines, 2022 Oct 29;10(11).
PMID: 36359271 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112752

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic periodontitis (CP) contribute to the increased level of inflammatory biomarkers in the blood. This study hypothesized that successful periodontal treatment would reduce the level of inflammatory biomarkers in CKD patients. This prospective study recruited two groups of CP patients: 33 pre-dialysis CKD patients and 33 non-CKD patients. All patients underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Their blood samples and periodontal parameters were taken before and after six weeks of NSPT. The serum level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and periodontal parameters were compared between groups. On the other hand, kidney function indicators such as serum urea and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were only measured in CKD patients. Clinical periodontal parameters and inflammatory markers levels at baseline were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the CKD group than in the non-CKD group and showed significant reduction (p < 0.05) after six weeks of NSPT. CKD patients demonstrated a greater periodontitis severity and higher inflammatory burden than non-CKD patients. Additionally, CKD patients with CP showed a good response to NSPT. Therefore, CKD patients’ periodontal health needs to be screened for early dental interventions and monitored accordingly.
Fulltext Investigating the Antioxidant and Cytocompatibility of Mimusops elengi Linn Extract over Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells

Bhavikatti SK, Karobari MI, Zainuddin SLA, Marya A, Nadaf SJ, Sawant VJ, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 07 04;18(13).
PMID: 34281099 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137162

Background-chlorhexidine (CHX) is most commonly used as a chemical plaque control agent. Nevertheless, its adverse effects, including teeth discoloration, taste alteration and calculus build-up, limit its use and divert us to medicinal herbs. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and cytotoxic effects of Mimusops elengi Linn extract (ME) over normal human cultured adult gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methods-in vitro phytochemical screening, total flavonoid content, antioxidant potential by DPPH and Nitric Oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxic effects of ME extracts over HGF were explored. The viability of HGF cells was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red uptake, and trypan blue assay after treatment with different concentrations of CHX and ME (0.3125 to 10 µg/mL). Results-ME showed some alkaloids, glycosides, saponins and flavonoids exhibited relatively moderate-to-good antioxidant potential. Increasing the concentration of CHX and ME from 0.3125 to 10 µg/mL reduced cell viability from 29.71% to 1.07% and 96.12% to 56.02%, respectively. At higher concentrations, CHX reduced the viability of cells by 52.36-fold compared to ME, revealed by MTT assay. At 10 µg/mL concentration, the mean cell viability of CHX and ME-treated cells was 2.24% and 57.45%, respectively, revealed by a neutral red assay. The viability of CHX- and ME-treated HGF cells estimated at higher concentrations (10 µg/mL) using trypan blue assay was found to be 2.18% and 47.36%, respectively. A paired t-test showed significance (p < 0.05), and one-way ANOVA difference between the mean cell viability of CHX- and ME-treated cells at different concentrations. One-way ANOVA confirmed the significant difference between the viability of CHX- and ME-treated cells. Conclusions-The cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of ME emphasize its potential benefits. Therefore, it could emerge as a herbal alternative and adjunct to conventional oral hygiene methods, that can diminish periodontal tissue destruction.