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  1. Lapatinib nano-delivery systems: a promising future for breast cancer treatment
    Bonde GV, Yadav SK, Chauhan S, Mittal P, Ajmal G, Thokala S, et al.
    Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2018 05;15(5):495-507.
    PMID: 29521126 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1449832
    INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer stands the second prominent cause of death among women. For its efficient treatment, Lapatinib (LAPA) was developed as a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of receptors, overexpressed by breast cancer cells. Various explored delivery strategies for LAPA indicated its controlled release with enhanced aqueous solubility, improved bioavailability, decreased plasma protein binding, reduced dose and toxicity to the other organs with maximized clinical efficacy, compared to its marketed tablet formulation.

    AREAS COVERED: This comprehensive review deals with the survey, performed through different electronic databases, regarding various challenges and their solutions attained by fabricating delivery systems like nanoparticles, micelle, nanocapsules, nanochannels, and liposomes. It also covers the synthesis of novel LAPA-conjugates for diagnostic purpose.

    EXPERT OPINION: Unfortunately, clinical use of LAPA is restricted because of its extensive albumin binding capacity, poor oral bioavailability, and poor aqueous solubility. LAPA is marketed as the oral tablet only. Therefore, it becomes imperative to formulate alternate efficient multiparticulate or nano-delivery systems for administration through non-oral routes, for active/passive targeting, and to scale-up by pharmaceutical scientists followed by their clinical trials by clinical experts. LAPA combinations with capecitabine and letrozole should also be tried for breast cancer treatment.

  2. Fulltext Global validation of the WSES Sepsis Severity Score for patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections: a prospective multicentre study (WISS Study)
    Sartelli M, Abu-Zidan FM, Catena F, Griffiths EA, Di Saverio S, Coimbra R, et al.
    World J Emerg Surg, 2015;10:61.
    PMID: 26677396 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-015-0055-0
    BACKGROUND: To validate a new practical Sepsis Severity Score for patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) including the clinical conditions at the admission (severe sepsis/septic shock), the origin of the cIAIs, the delay in source control, the setting of acquisition and any risk factors such as age and immunosuppression.
    METHODS: The WISS study (WSES cIAIs Score Study) is a multicenter observational study underwent in 132 medical institutions worldwide during a four-month study period (October 2014-February 2015). Four thousand five hundred thirty-three patients with a mean age of 51.2 years (range 18-99) were enrolled in the WISS study.
    RESULTS: Univariate analysis has shown that all factors that were previously included in the WSES Sepsis Severity Score were highly statistically significant between those who died and those who survived (p 
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