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Fulltext Post-operative Hypertension following Correction of Flexion Deformity of the Knees in a Spastic Diplegic Child: A Case Report

Vipin M, Sujendra DM, Imthiaz VK, Hitesh-Shah

Malays Orthop J, 2016 Nov;10(3):46-48.
PMID: 28553449 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1611.006

An adolescent boy with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy presented with crouch gait. He had bilateral severe flexion deformities of knees and hips. He was treated with single event multilevel surgery for the correction of deformities. Surgical procedures included bilateral adductor release, iliopsoas lengthening, bilateral femoral shortening and patella plication. Persistent hypertension was noted in the post-operative period. All causes of secondary hypertension were ruled out. Having persistent hypertension following the femoral shortening procedure is unusual. Antihypertensive medication controlled his blood pressure 15 months after surgery. Hypertension following correction of knee flexion deformity and limb lengthening is well known. Hypertension has not been described with the shortening osteotomy of the femur. Hypertension is a rare complication following the corrective surgery for the treatment of crouch gait. Blood pressure should be monitored during the post-operative period to detect such a rare complication.
Fulltext Comparison of Dill Seed Oil Mouth Rinse and Chlorhexidine Mouth Rinse on Plaque Levels and Gingivitis - A Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Eshwar S, K R, Jain V, Manvi S, Kohli S, Bhatia S

Open Dent J, 2016;10:207-13.
PMID: 27386006 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010207

INTRODUCTION: Mouthrinses have been in use for centuries as breath fresheners, medicaments, and antiseptics. Dill is said to be a good source of calcium, manganese and iron. It contains flavonoids known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Dill can help with microbial infections in the mouth; and its anti-oxidants minimize damage caused by free radicals to the gums and teeth. Being a good source of calcium, dill also helps with bone and dental health.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of commercially available 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse and dill seed oil mouthrinse on plaque levels and gingivitis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A randomized controlled, double blind parallel arm study was conducted over 90 days on 90 subjects. The subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups and baseline data was collected using Loe and Silness gingival index and Quigley Hein plaque index and oral prophylaxis was performed on all the subjects. The mouthrinses included in the present study were dill seed oil and Hexodent (0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate). Intervention regarding the mouthrinsing was given to the subjects and were followed up for 45 days and 90 days, after this post intervention changes were assessed using the respective indices.
RESULTS: It was observed that there is no significant difference in gingival & plaque scores among two mouthrinses from baseline to 45 days and 90 days. It was observed that there is statistical difference in gingival and plaque scores when compared with baseline to 45 days (p<0.001), baseline to 90 days (p<0.001) and 45 days to 90 days (p<0.001) when intergroup comparisons were done.
CONCLUSION: It was concluded that dill seed oil and Hexodent (0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate) mouthrinse have similar antiplaque and antigingival effectiveness.
Mucoadhesive microspheres of glutaraldehyde crosslinked mucilage of Isabgol husk for sustained release of gliclazide

Sharma VK, Sharma PP, Mazumder B, Bhatnagar A, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria S, et al.

J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 2021 08;32(11):1420-1449.
PMID: 33941041 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1925389

Mucoadhesive microspheres have their own significant amongst the various sustained release drug delivery systems. The prolonged residence time of these delivery devices at drug absorption site results in steep concentration gradient and enhanced bioavailability. In this study, the mucilage of Isabgol husk was applied as polymeric backbone to develop gliclazide loaded microspheres by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The formulations were studied for surface morphology, swelling behavior, particle size, in vitro release, release kinetics, in vitro mucoadhesion and gamma scintigraphy in rabbits. The release of gliclazide from microspheres was controlled by swelling of crosslinked microspheres followed by diffusion. Gamma scintigraphic images acquired for microspheres retention in gastrointestinal track of rabbits indicated the residence of formulation upto 24 h after oral administration. Gliclazide retained its integrity in polymeric matrix of microspheres as observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometry. The sustained release of gliclazide and prolonged retention of microspheres in gastrointestinal track disclosed the rationality of mucoadhesive Isabgol husk microspheres in controlling the hyperglycemia in diabetes.
Fulltext Immunomodulatory and AntiOxidant Potential of Polyherbal Dhatryadi Rasayana in the Form of Churna and Granules

Rani S, Sharma U, Deshmukh MP, Kumar V, Sharma KC, Malik MK, et al.

ACS Omega, 2024 Apr 02;9(13):14781-14790.
PMID: 38585048 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06784

Dhatryadi Rasayana revitalizes the human body and helps in maintaining health with the elimination of ill effects of various diseases. The effective delivery systems for Rasayana may affect the profound effect of active principles in the body. The present study deals with investigation and evaluation of phytochemical constituents, physicochemical characteristics, along with antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of Dhatryadi Rasayana in churna (powder) and granule formulations. Dhatryadi Rasayana churna and its granules were studied for various physicochemical parameters, e.g., moisture content, ash-value, acid-insoluble ash content, water-soluble extractive, alcohol-soluble extractive, bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr's index, Hausner's ratio, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, heavy metals, total microbial load, etc. In vitro antioxidant potential of Dhatryadi Rasayana churna and its granules was determined by scavenging the DPPH and FRAP assays. The immunomodulatory activities of Dhatryadi Rasayana churna and its granules were studied in Wistar albino rats and the complete blood count (CBC), delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH), and hemagglutination antibody titer were assessed. Dhatryadi Rasayana churna contained alkaloids (0.50 ± 0.298% w/w), tannins (9.84 ± 1.527% w/w), saponins (4.18 ± 2.126% w/w), and flavonoids (9.34 ± 1.026% w/w), while its granules contained 11.08 ± 2.468% w/w total tannins, 2.40 ± 1.132% w/w alkaloids, and 12.46 ± 2.645% w/w total flavonoids. The DPPH scavenging effect was determined by IC50 (churna - 23.89 μg/mL; granules - 9.33 μg/mL), and the antioxidant capacity assessed by FRAP was 77.0 mmol/100 g equivalent of ascorbic acid for churna and 50 mmol/100 g equivalent of ascorbic acid for granules. Dhatryadi Rasayana churna and its granules reflected a significant immunostimulatory effect on both the cell-mediated and humoral immune systems in Wistar albino rats. Moreover, churna and granules of Dhatryadi Rasayana revealed significant antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities and these may be applied for treating different diseases as well as improving the immunity of the body.
Fulltext Film Coating of Phosphorylated Mandua Starch on Matrix Tablets for pH-Sensitive Release of Mesalamine

Malik MK, Kumar V, Kumarasamy V, Singh OP, Kumar M, Dixit R, et al.

Molecules, 2024 Jul 05;29(13).
PMID: 38999160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133208

Chemically modified mandua starch was successfully synthesized and applied to coat mesalamine-loaded matrix tablets. The coating material was an aqueous dispersion of mandua starch modified by sodium trimetaphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate. To investigate the colon-targeting release competence, chemically modified mandua starch film-coated mesalamine tablets were produced using the wet granulation method followed by dip coating. The effect of the coating on the colon-targeted release of the resultant delivery system was inspected in healthy human volunteers and rabbits using roentgenography. The results show that drug release was controlled when the coating level was 10% w/w. The release percentage in the upper gastric phase (pH 1.2, simulated gastric fluid) was less than 6% and reached up to 59.51% w/w after 14 h in simulated colonic fluid. In addition to in vivo roentgenographic studies in healthy rabbits, human volunteer studies proved the colon targeting efficiency of the formulation. These results clearly demonstrated that chemically modified mandua starch has high effectiveness as a novel aqueous coating material for controlled release or colon targeting.
Fulltext Improvement in Digestion Resistibility of Mandua Starch (Eleusine coracana) after Cross-Linking with Epichlorohydrin

Malik MK, Kumar V, Sharma PP, Singh J, Fuloria S, Subrimanyan V, et al.

ACS Omega, 2022 Aug 09;7(31):27334-27346.
PMID: 35967061 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02327

Starch, being a polymer of excessive demand for the development of products of pharmaceutical importance, has been tremendously treated in many ways for improving the desired characteristics such as viscosity, paste clarity, digestibility, swelling, syneresis, and so forth. In the present study, alkali-extracted starch of mandua grains (Eleusine coracana; family Poaceae) was treated with epichlorohydrin for cross-linking and the modified starch was assessed for swelling, solubility, water binding capacity, moisture content, and degree of cross-linking. The digestion resistibility of modified starch was analyzed in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8), and simulated colonic fluid (pH 7.4). The structural modifications in treated mandua starch were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and C13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The results of the study reflected the significant modification in mandua starch after treatment with epichlorohydrin (1.0% w/w sdb, solid dry basis). The degree of cross-linking of treated mandua starch was 85.15%, and the swelling capacity of mandua starch changed from 226.51 ± 2.175 to 103.14 ± 1.998% w/w after cross-linking with epichlorohydrin. A remarkable increment in digestion resistibility was observed in modified mandua starch. The XRD pattern and FTIR spectra revealed the presence of resistant starch after chemical modification. The decomposition pattern of modified mandua starch was also different from extracted mandua starch. All the results reflected the effective modification of mandua starch by epichlorohydrin and the formation of resistant starch to a significant content. The treated mandua starch may have the potential in developing various preparations of food, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals.
Fulltext Green Synthesis of ZnO and Black TiO2 Materials and Their Application in Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants

Nawaz R, Ullah H, Ghanim AAJ, Irfan M, Anjum M, Rahman S, et al.

ACS Omega, 2023 Oct 03;8(39):36076-36087.
PMID: 37810725 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04229

ZnO and black TiO2 have been selected as the most efficient materials for organic pollution abatement due to their increased efficiency when compared to other materials. However, the concept of green chemistry makes it desirable to design green synthesis approaches for their production. In this study, black TiO2 was synthesized using an environmentally safe synthetic technique with glycerol as a reductant. ZnO was prepared by using ionic-liquid-based microwave-assisted extracts of Polygonum minus. To investigate the materials' potential to photodegrade organic pollutants, methylene blue (MB) and phenol were chosen as model organic pollutants. Both materials were found to exhibit spherical morphologies and a mesoporous structure and were efficient absorbers of visible light. ZnO exhibited electron-hole pair recombination lower than that of black TiO2. Black TiO2 was discovered to be an anatase phase, whereas ZnO was found to have a hexagonal wurtzite structure. In contrast to black TiO2, which had a surface area of 239.99 m2/g and a particle size of 28 nm, ZnO had a surface area of 353.11 m2/g and a particle size of 32 nm. With a degradation time of 60 min, ZnO was able to eliminate 97.50% of the 40 mg/L MB. Black TiO2, on the other hand, could reduce 90.0% of the same amount of MB in 60 min. When tested for phenol degradation, ZnO and black TiO2 activities were reduced by nearly 15 and 25%, respectively. A detailed examination of both ZnO and black TiO2 materials revealed that ZnO has more potential and versatility for the degradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation.
Fulltext Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Sudhakar K, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam KV, Azad AK, Swain SS, et al.

Nanomaterials (Basel), 2021 Sep 29;11(10).
PMID: 34685005 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102557

A selected active pharmaceutical ingredient must be incorporated into a cargo carrier in a particular manner so that it achieves its goal. An amalgamation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) should be conducted in such a manner that it is simple, professional, and more beneficial. Lipids/polymers that are known to be used in nanocarriers for APIs can be transformed into a vesicular formulation, which offers elegant solutions to many problems. Phospholipids with other ingredients, such as ethanol and water, form suitable vesicular carriers for many drugs, overcoming many problems related to poor bioavailability, poor solubility, etc. Ultraflexible liposomes are novel carriers and new frontiers of drug delivery for transdermal systems. Auxiliary advances in vesicular carrier research have been made, enabling polymer-coated ethanolic liposomes to avoid detection by the body's immune system-specifically, the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Ultraflexible liposomes act as a cargo system and a nanotherapeutic approach for the transport of therapeutic drugs and bioactive agents. Various applications of liposome derivatives in different diseases are emphasized in this review.
Avian Haemosporidian (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) Status in Two Bird Groups (Old-World Flycatchers and Thrushes) of India and Their Phylogenetic Relationships with Other Lineages of the World

Vipin, Singh A, Sharma V, Tripathi NK, Dixit R, Singh B, et al.

Acta Parasitol, 2022 Dec;67(4):1756-1766.
PMID: 36306015 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00626-1

PURPOSE: Avian haemosporidian may affect the host from body damage to the extinction of a population. Knowledge of their status may help in future avifauna conservation plans. Hence, their status in two bird groups of India and their phylogenetic relationships with other known lineages of the world were examined.
METHODS: Cytochrome b gene sequences (479 bp) generated from India and available at MalAvi database were used to study the avian haemosporidian prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of lineages at local and world levels.
RESULTS: One common (COLL2) and only once in the study (CYOPOL01, CHD01, CYORUB01, EUMTHA01, GEOCIT01) haemosporidian lineages were discovered. 5.88% prevalence of haemosporidian infection was found in 102 samples belonging to 6 host species. Haemoproteus prevalence was 4.90% across five host species (Phylloscopus trochiloides, Cyornis poliogenys, C. hainanus dialilaemus, C. rubeculoides, Eumiyas thalassinus) and Plasmodium prevalence was 0.98% in Geokichla citrina. Spatial phylogeny at the global level showed that COLL2 lineage, found in C. poliogenys in India, was genetically identical to H. pallidus lineages (COLL2) in parts of Africa, Europe, North America, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The Plasmodium lineage (GEOCIT01) was related to PADOM16 in Egypt, but the sequences were only 93.89% alike.
CONCLUSIONS: Four new lineages of Haemoproteus and one of Plasmodium were reported. COLL2 similarity with other H. pallidus lineages may suggest their hosts as possible infection sources.