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  1. Jong HY, Rauf RA, Abdullah JM, Reza F, Tye J, Karageorghis CI, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2023 Aug;30(4):132-146.
    PMID: 37655149 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.4.12
    BACKGROUND: Adolescents with syntactic specific language impairment (S-SLI) fail to comprehend which object questions. We hypothesised that rhythmic music training is more effective in treating this condition than conventional methods because music is often perceived as having a clear, isochronous beat or pulse. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of rhythmic music training on the syntactic structure processing of Malay which questions among native adolescents.

    METHODS: In this research study, the participants were three groups of Malay adolescents aged 13 years old-15 years old: i) adolescents with S-SLI with music training, ii) adolescents with S-SLI without music training and iii) typically developing adolescents. Before and after music training, the participants were given a sentence-picture matching task. Accuracy measures and reaction times were captured using E-Prime 2.0.

    RESULTS: The results indicated that with music training, the accuracy and reaction time associated with which object questions among the two SLI groups were significantly higher and lower, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: The implications of using rhythmic music training in enhancing syntactic structure processing are also discussed.

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