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Fulltext Bone health comparison in seven Asian countries using calcaneal ultrasound

Kruger MC, Todd JM, Schollum LM, Kuhn-Sherlock B, McLean DW, Wylie K

BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2013 Mar 05;14:81.

PMID: 23497143 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-81

BACKGROUND: Bone density measurements by DXA are not feasible for large population studies, whereas portable ultrasound heel scanners can provide a practical way of assessing bone health status. The purpose of this study was to assess bone health in seven Asian countries using heel ultrasound.

METHODS: Stiffness index (SI) was measured and T-scores generated against an Asian database were recorded for 598,757 women and 173,326 men aged over 21 years old using Lunar Achilles (GE Healthcare) heel scanners. The scanners were made available in public centres in Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines.

RESULTS: The mean SI was higher for men than women. In women SI as well as T-scores declined slowly until approximately 45 years of age, then declined rapidly to reach a mean T-score of 80 years.

CONCLUSIONS: The heel scan data shows a high degree of poor bone health in both men and women in Asian countries, raising concern about the possible increase in fractures with ageing and the expected burden on the public health system.

Fulltext Fortified Milk Supplementation Improves Vitamin D Status, Grip Strength, and Maintains Bone Density in Chinese Premenopausal Women Living in Malaysia

Kruger MC, Chan YM, Lau C, Lau LT, Chin YS, Kuhn-Sherlock B, et al.

Biores Open Access, 2019;8(1):16-24.

PMID: 30842890 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2018.0027

This study compared the effects of a high-calcium vitamin D fortified milk with added FOS-Inulin versus regular milk on serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D status, grip strength (GS), as well as bone density in Chinese premenopausal women over 52 weeks. Premenopausal women (n = 133), mean age 41 (±5.1) years were randomized into control (n = 66; regular milk at 500 mg calcium per day) or intervention (Int; n = 67; fortified milk at 1200 mg calcium, 15 μg vitamin D, and 4 g FOS-Inulin per day) groups. Assessments were at baseline, weeks 12, 24, 36, and 52 for changes in vitamin D status, levels of PTH, and GS. Bone mineral densities (BMDs) of the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and whole body (WB) were assessed at baseline and week 52 using GE Lunar iDEXA (GE Healthcare, Madison, WI). At baseline, WB lean mass was positively associated with LS BMD (r = 0.30, p

Differential effects of calcium- and vitamin D-fortified milk with FOS-inulin compared to regular milk, on bone biomarkers in Chinese pre- and postmenopausal women

Kruger MC, Chan YM, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Lau LT, Lau C, Chin YS, et al.

Eur J Nutr, 2016 Aug;55(5):1911-21.

PMID: 26264387 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1007-x

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of a high-calcium vitamin D-fortified milk with added FOS-inulin versus regular milk on serum parathyroid hormone, and bone turnover markers in premenopausal (Pre-M) and postmenopausal (PM) women over 12 weeks.

METHODS: Premenopausal women (n = 136, mean age 41 (±5) years) and postmenopausal women [n = 121, mean age 59 (±4) years] were recruited, and each age group randomised into two groups to take two glasses per day of control = regular milk (500 mg calcium per day) or intervention (Int) = fortified milk (1000 mg calcium for pre-M women and 1200 mg calcium for PM women, 96 mg magnesium, 2.4 mg zinc, 15 µg vitamin D, 4 g FOS-inulin per day). At baseline, week 4 and week 12 serum minerals and bone biochemical markers were measured and bone density was measured at baseline.

RESULTS: Mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) vitamin D3] levels among groups were between 49 and 65 nmol/L at baseline, and over the 12 weeks of supplementation, the fortified milk improved vitamin D status in both Int groups. CTx-1 and PINP reduced significantly in both Pre-M and PM groups over the 12 weeks, with the changes in CTx-1 being significantly different (P

Calcium and vitamin D fortified milk reduces bone turnover and improves bone density in postmenopausal women over 1 year

Kruger MC, Chan YM, Lau LT, Lau CC, Chin YS, Kuhn-Sherlock B, et al.

Eur J Nutr, 2018 Dec;57(8):2785-2794.

PMID: 28975432 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1544-6

PURPOSE: In Malaysia, hip fracture incidence is higher in Chinese women than other ethnic groups. This study compared the effects of a high-calcium vitamin D fortified milk with added FOS-inulin versus regular milk over 1 year on aspects of bone health in Chinese postmenopausal women in Malaysia.

METHODS: One-hundred and twenty-one women (mean age 59 (± 4) years) were randomized into two groups: control (n = 60; regular milk, 428 mg calcium per day) or intervention (n = 61; fortified milk at 1200 mg calcium, 96 mg magnesium, 2.4 mg zinc, 15 μg vitamin D and 4 g FOS-inulin per day). At baseline, weeks 12, 24, 36 and 52, parathyroid hormone (PTH), C-Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (CTx-1), Procollagen I Intact N-Terminal propeptide (PINP) and vitamin D levels were assessed. Bone density (BMD) was measured at baseline and week 52 using a GE Lunar iDXA.

RESULTS: Body mass index, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD did not differ between groups at baseline. Over 52 weeks, mean plasma 25 (OH) D3 levels increased to 74.8 nmol/L (intervention group) or remained at 63.1 nmol/L (control group) (p

Fulltext Red cell folate and predicted neural tube defect rate in three Asian cities

Green TJ, Skeaff CM, Venn BJ, Rockell JE, Todd JM, Khor GL, et al.

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2007;16(2):269-73.

PMID: 17468082

Periconceptional folic acid reduces neural tube defect (NTD) risk. Red blood cell folate concentration is inversely associated with NTD risk. In many countries there is a lack of information on NTD rates. Red cell folate status in women of childbearing age may be a surrogate for NTD rates and may be helpful in identifying countries or regions most likely to benefit from improved folate status.

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