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Non-invasive diagnosis of risk in dengue patients using bioelectrical impedance analysis and artificial neural network

Ibrahim F, Faisal T, Salim MI, Taib MN

Med Biol Eng Comput, 2010 Nov;48(11):1141-8.
PMID: 20683676 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0669-z

This paper presents a new approach to diagnose and classify early risk in dengue patients using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and artificial neural network (ANN). A total of 223 healthy subjects and 207 hospitalized dengue patients were prospectively studied. The dengue risk severity criteria was determined and grouped based on three blood investigations, namely, platelet (PLT) count (less than or equal to 30,000 cells per mm(3)), hematocrit (HCT) (increase by more than or equal to 20%), and either aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (raised by fivefold the normal upper limit) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (raised by fivefold the normal upper limit). The dengue patients were classified according to their risk groups and the corresponding BIA parameters were subsequently obtained and quantified. Four parameters were used for training and testing the ANN which are day of fever, reactance, gender, and risk group's quantification. Day of fever was defined as the day of fever subsided, i.e., when the body temperature fell below 37.5°C. The blood investigation and the BIA data were taken for 5 days. The ANN was trained via the steepest descent back propagation with momentum algorithm using the log-sigmoid transfer function while the sum-squared error was used as the network's performance indicator. The best ANN architecture of 3-6-1 (3 inputs, 6 neurons in the hidden layer, and 1 output), learning rate of 0.1, momentum constant of 0.2, and iteration rate of 20,000 was pruned using a weight-eliminating method. Eliminating a weight of 0.05 enhances the dengue's prediction risk classification accuracy of 95.88% for high risk and 96.83% for low risk groups. As a result, the system is able to classify and diagnose the risk in the dengue patients with an overall prediction accuracy of 96.27%.
Body mass index (BMI)-for-age and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among high school students in Tehran

Jalali-Farahani S, Chin YS, Amiri P, Mohd Taib MN

Child Care Health Dev, 2014 Sep;40(5):731-9.
PMID: 23952615 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12103

The study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI)-for-age and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among high school students in Tehran.
The effect of water activity on modified lipase during esterification

Salleh AB, Taib M, Basri M, Ampon K, Yunus WM, Razak CN

Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1996 Oct 12;799:328-31.
PMID: 8958097
Fulltext Modeling of hemoglobin in dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever using bioelectrical impedance

Ibrahim F, Ismail NA, Taib MN, Wan Abas WA

Physiol Meas, 2004 Jun;25(3):607-15.
PMID: 15253113 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/25/3/002

This paper describes a model for predicting hemoglobin (Hb) by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in dengue patients in the Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM). Bioelectrical impedance measurements were conducted on 83 (47 males and 36 females) serologically confirmed dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients during their hospitalization. The predictive equation for Hb was derived using multivariate analysis. We investigated all the parameters in BIA, patients' symptom and demographic data. In this developed model, four predictors (reactance (XC), sex, weight and vomiting) were found to be the best predictive factors for modeling Hb in dengue patients. However, the model can only explain approximately 42% of the variation in Hb status, thus single frequency bio-impedance stand-alone technique is insufficient to monitor Hb for the DF and DHF patients. Further investigation using multi-frequency BIA is recommended in modeling Hb to achieve the most parsimonious model.
Early outcome of cardiac surgery in dialysis-dependent end-stage renal failure patients

Chong KS, Pau CP, Azmi MI, Taib ME, Dillon J

Med J Malaysia, 2020 01;75(1):43-46.
PMID: 32008019

INTRODUCTION: Preoperative dialysis-dependent renal failure is a strong independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality and morbidity after open heart surgery. This retrospective study analyses the early outcome in dialysis-dependent renal failure patients who underwent elective open-heart surgery in the Institut Jantung Negara (IJN).
METHODS: We retrospectively analyse a series of 228 consecutive postoperative patients with dialysis-dependent (end stage renal failure (ESRF)) admitted to the adult cardiothoracic ICU in IJN between January 2012 and December 2016.
RESULTS: The overall early mortality rate included 34 patients (15.8%). Patients with ESRF underwent combined procedure recorded a very high mortality rate at 56.3%. Twenty-four patients (11.2%) needed resternotomy for postoperative bleeding or cardiac temponade. Postoperative mediastinitis rate was high, involving 13 patients (6%). The neurological and gastrointestinal complications rate were recorded at 2.3% (5 patients) and 6% (13 patients) respectively. In the group of patients (n=199) with sinus rhythm during the preoperative period, 100 patients (50.3%) developed postoperative AF. 77 patients (35.8%) stayed in hospital for more than 14 days.
CONCLUSIONS: dialysis-dependent patients undergoing cardiac surgery poses higher perioperative risk of mortality and morbidity of 3-4 times higher compared to those patients with normal renal function. IJN shows acceptable perioperative risk of mortality and morbidity which is comparable to other centres.
Microwave non-destructive testing technique for characterization of HPMC-PEG 3000 films

Wong TW, Deepak KG, Taib MN, Anuar NK

Int J Pharm, 2007 Oct 1;343(1-2):122-30.
PMID: 17597317

The capacity of microwave non-destructive testing (NDT) technique to characterize the matrix property of binary polymeric films for use as transdermal drug delivery system was investigated. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3000 were the choice of polymeric matrix and plasticizer, respectively with loratadine as the model drug. Both blank and drug loaded HPMC-PEG 3000 films were prepared using the solvent-evaporation method. These films were conditioned at the relative humidity of 25, 50 and 75% prior to physicochemical characterization using the established methods of ultra-violet spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods, as well as, novel microwave NDT technique. Blank films exhibited a greater propensity of polymer-polymer interaction at the O-H domain upon storage at a lower level of relative humidity, whereas drug loaded films exhibited a greater propensity of polymer-polymer, polymer-plasticizer and/or drug-polymer interaction via the O-H, C-H and/or aromatic C=C functional groups when they were stored at a lower or moderate level of relative humidity. The absorption and transmission characteristics of both blank and drug loaded films for microwave varied with the state of polymer-polymer, polymer-plasticizer, and/or drug-polymer interaction of the matrix. The measurements of microwave NDT test at 8 and 12 GHz were sensitive to the polar fraction of film involving functional group such as O-H moiety and the less polar environment of matrix consisting of functional groups such as C-H and aromatic C=C moieties. The state of interaction between polymer, plasticizer and/or drug of a binary polymeric film can be elucidated through its absorption and transmission profiles of microwave.
First report on sensitization to allergens of a house dust mite, Suidasia pontifica (Acari: Saproglyphidae)

Mariana A, Ho TM, Gendeh BS, Iskandar H, Zainuldin-Taib M

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2000 Dec;31(4):722-3.
PMID: 11414419

A species of house dust mite, Suidasia pontifica, was recently shown to produce allergens affecting man. The species may be as important as other allergen producing mite in sensitization and causing allergic symptoms in Malaysians. Surveys conducted demonstrated that 80% of the houses surveyed were positive for this mite with densities ranged from 2 to 50 mites per gram of dust. Colonies of the species has been successfully established and materials from those colonies have been used to produce extracts for studies on sensitization to the mites. A total of 85 suspected allergic rhinitis patients were tested and 74.1% demonstrated positive reactions. Extract of this mite should be considered for routine diagnostic testing and possible immunotherapy.
Socio-economic determinants of nutritional status of children in rural peninsular Malaysia

Marjan ZM, Taib MN, Lin KG, Siong TE

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1998 Dec;7(3/4):307-10.
PMID: 24393689

The data presented is part of the findings from a four-year collaborative research project between Universiti Putra Malaysia, the Institute for Medical Research and the Ministry of Health Malaysia. The project assessed the nutritional status of the major functional groups in Peninsular Malaysia. Mukim Sayong and Pulau Kemiri in the District of Kuala Kangsar, Perak were two of the subdistricts selected to represent small rubber holdings in Peninsular Malaysia. This paper attempts to analyse the socio-economic profile of the households and the nutritional status of children below 9 years of age. A total of 307 households were studied. Approximately 63% of the households were involved in rubber activities and the majority of them were hired tappers. The average monthly income of the households was RM467 and the income ranged between RM30 to RM2120. Based on the per capita poverty line income of RM84.38, it was found that 14.1% of the households earned less than RM42.19, which can be considered as hard-core poor, while 32.7% were poor (monthly per capita income between RM42.19 and RM84.38). Slightly more than half (52.7%) earned income above the poverty line. The average family size was 4.5, ranging from 1 through to 16. The majority of the heads of households (56.6%) had between 3 and 6 years of education, and 14.5% did not receive any formal education. The prevalence of stunting among children 0-5 years of age was 26%, while 31.5% were underweight and 3.8% wasted. Among children aged between 5 and 9 years, almost the same pattern of nutritional status was noted. The overall percentages of stunting, underweight and wasting among these children were 29.2%, 26.1% and 0.62%, respectively. Analysis on nutritional status according to income level showed a noticeable difference in the prevalence of malnutrition in children above and below the poverty line income. The Student's t-test indicated significant differences in weight-for-age and weight-for-height between the two poverty line income for children below 5 years of age. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between height-for-age with household size (r = -0.26, p<0.05), and monthly per capita income with weight-for-height (r = 0.25, p<0.05). There was a highly significant correlation between acreage of land cultivated and weight-for-height (r = 0.42, p<0.01), and weight-for-age (r = 0.25, p<0.05). The findings indicated the influence of socio-economic factors on the nutritional status of children.
Associations between parents' perception of neighbourhood environments and safety with physical activity of primary school children in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia

Tung SE, Ng XH, Chin YS, Mohd Taib MN

Child Care Health Dev, 2016 Jul;42(4):478-85.
PMID: 27272607 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12355

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate parental perception of neighbourhood environments and safety in association with children's physical activity among primary school children in Klang, Selangor, Malaysia.
METHODS: A total of 250 children (9-12 years of age) and their parents participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and Neighbourhood Environmental Walkability Scale as well as questions on constrained behaviours (avoidance and defensive behaviours) were used to assess the children's physical activity and parental perception of neighbourhood environment and safety, respectively.
RESULTS: More than one-third (36.0%) of the children were physically inactive compared with only a small percentage (4.8%) who were physically active, with boys achieving higher physical activity levels than girls (t = 2.564, P = 0.011). For the environmental scale, parents' perception of land-use mix (access) (r = 0.173, P = 0.006), traffic hazards (r = -0.152, P = 0.016) and defensive behaviour (r = -0.024, P = 0.143) correlated significantly with children's physical activity. In multiple linear regression analysis, child's gender (β = -0.226; P = 0.003), parent's education (β = 0.140; P = 0.001), household income (β = 0.151; P = 0.024), land-use mix (access) (β = 0.134; P = 0.011) and defensive behaviour (β = -0.017; P = 0.038) were significantly associated with physical activity in children (R = 0.349, F = 6.760; P
Classification of intelligence quotient via brainwave sub-band power ratio features and artificial neural network

Jahidin AH, Megat Ali MS, Taib MN, Tahir NM, Yassin IM, Lias S

Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2014 Apr;114(1):50-9.
PMID: 24560277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2014.01.016

This paper elaborates on the novel intelligence assessment method using the brainwave sub-band power ratio features. The study focuses only on the left hemisphere brainwave in its relaxed state. Distinct intelligence quotient groups have been established earlier from the score of the Raven Progressive Matrices. Sub-band power ratios are calculated from energy spectral density of theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. Synthetic data have been generated to increase dataset from 50 to 120. The features are used as input to the artificial neural network. Subsequently, the brain behaviour model has been developed using an artificial neural network that is trained with optimized learning rate, momentum constant and hidden nodes. Findings indicate that the distinct intelligence quotient groups can be classified from the brainwave sub-band power ratios with 100% training and 88.89% testing accuracies.
Analysis of water compartment in dengue patients

Ibrahim F, Ooi KF, Ismail NA, Taib MN, Wan Abas WA

Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2007 2 7;2005:4130-3.
PMID: 17281142

This paper describes the water compartments in healthy subjects and dengue patients on the day of defervescence of fever using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A total of 223 healthy subjects (65 males and 158 females) and 210 dengue patients (119 males and 91 females) in Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM), were studied. The ages for healthy subjects vary between 14 and 60 years old with mean age of 26.05 years while the ages for the dengue patients vary between 12 and 83 years old with mean age of 30.14 years. The parameters of water compartments investigated were total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW). There were significant difference between healthy subjects and dengue patients for both male (p<0.05) and female (p<0.001) beginning on fever day 0 till fever day 4. The mean TBW and ECW values of dengue patients obtained were found to be higher than the normal healthy subjects while the mean ICW was lower. The mean TBW and ICW for male were higher than female while the mean ECW for male was lower than female for healthy subjects and dengue patients.
Modified enzymes for reactions in organic solvents

Salleh AB, Basri M, Taib M, Jasmani H, Rahman RN, Rahman MB, et al.

Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2002 10 25;102-103(1-6):349-57.
PMID: 12396136

Recent studies on biocatalysis in water-organic solvent biphasic systems have shown that many enzymes retain their catalytic activities in the presence of high concentrations of organic solvents. However, not all enzymes are organic solvent tolerant, and most have limited and selective tolerance to particular organic solvents. Protein modification or protein tailoring is an approach to alter the characteristics of enzymes, including solubility in organic solvents. Particular amino acids may play pivotal roles in the catalytic ability of the protein. Attaching soluble modifiers to the protein molecule may alter its conformation and the overall polarity of the molecule. Enzymes, in particular lipases, have been chemically modified by attachment of aldehydes, polyethylene glycols, and imidoesters. These modifications alter the hydrophobicity and conformation of the enzymes, resulting in changes in the microenvironment of the enzymes. By these modifications, newly acquired properties such as enhancement of activity and stability and changes in specificity and solubility in organic solvents are obtained. Modified lipases were found to be more active and stable in organic solvents. The optimum water activity (a(w)) for reaction was also shifted by using modified enzymes. Changes in enantioselective behavior were also observed.
Reflectance aptasensor based on metal salphen label for rapid and facile determination of insulin

Taib M, Tan LL, Abd Karim NH, Ta GC, Heng LY, Khalid B

Talanta, 2020 Jan 15;207:120321.
PMID: 31594568 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120321

An optical aptasensor-based sensing platform for rapid insulin detection was fabricated. Aminated porous silica microparticles (PSiMPs) were synthesized via a facile mini-emulsion method to provide large surface area for covalent immobilization of insulin-binding DNA aptamer (IGA3) by glutaraldehyde cross-linking protocol. A Nickel-salphen type complex with piperidine side chain [Ni(II)-SP] was synthesized with a simple one-pot reaction, and functionalized as an optical label due to strong π-π interaction between aromatic carbons of G-quadruplex DNA aptamer and planar aromatic groups of Ni(II)-SP to form the immobilized IGA3-Ni(II)-SP complex, i.e. the dye-labeled aptamer, thereby bringing yellow colouration to the immobilized G-quartet plane. Optical characterization of aptasensor towards insulin binding was carried out with a fiber optic reflectance spectrophotometer. The maximum reflectance intensity of the immobilized IGA3-Ni(II)-SP complex at 656 nm decreased upon binding with insulin as aptasensor changed to brownish orange colouration in the background. This allows optical detection of insulin as the colour change of aptasensor is dependent on the insulin concentration. The linear detection range of the aptasensor is obtained from 10 to 50 μIU mL-1 (R2 = 0.9757), which conformed to the normal fasting insulin levels in human with a limit of detection (LOD) at 3.71 μIU mL-1. The aptasensor showed fast response time of 40 min and long shelf life stability of >3 weeks. Insulin detection using healthy human serums with informed consent provided by participants suggests the DNA aptamer biosensor was in good agreement with ELISA standard method using BIOMATIK Human INS (Insulin) ELISA Kit.

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