MyMedR

Medical image compression using 3-D Hartley transform

Shyam Sunder R, Eswaran C, Sriraam N

Comput Biol Med, 2006 Sep;36(9):958-73.

In this paper, 3-D discrete Hartley transform is applied for the compression of two medical modalities, namely, magnetic resonance images and X-ray angiograms and the performance results are compared with those of 3-D discrete cosine and Fourier transforms using the parameters such as PSNR and bit rate. It is shown that the 3-D discrete Hartley transform is better than the other two transforms for magnetic resonance brain images whereas for the X-ray angiograms, the 3-D discrete cosine transform is found to be superior.

Fulltext Retinoblastoma Registry report--Hospital Kuala Lumpur experience

Jamalia R, Sunder R, Alagaratnam J, Goh PP

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65 Suppl A:128-30.

PMID: 21488473

Retinoblastoma is a childhood ocular cancer. The aim of this paper is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with retinoblastoma in a major paediatric ophthalmology center in the country. Retrospective information was collected through the retinoblastoma registry. Late presentation with advanced staging is a major problem.

Fulltext Surgical treatment of children with raised intra ocular pressures associated with sturge weber syndrome at Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Premadeva CS, Norazah AR, Sunder R, Jamalia R, Joseph A

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Jun;69(3):142-3.

PMID: 25326358 MyJurnal

No abstract available.

Fulltext Tay-Sach disease with "cherry-red spot"--first reported case in Malaysia

Chan LY, Balasubramaniam S, Sunder R, Jamalia R, Karunakar TV, Alagaratnam J

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):497-8.

PMID: 22390110

We present a rare case of Tay-Sachs disease with retinal 'cherry-red spots' in a 19-month-old Malay child. Molecular genetic studies confirmed the diagnosis. The case highlights that 'cherry-red spot' is a useful clinical clue in Tay-Sachs disease and several other lysosomal storage disorders. It serves as an ideal illustration of the eye as a window to inborn error of metabolism.

Factors determining the outcome of paediatric exotropia surgery

Lai YKI, Ting SL, Cheah WL, Sunder R, Jamalia R

Med J Malaysia, 2019 08;74(4):266-269.

PMID: 31424031

OBJECTIVE: To determine the socio-demographic and clinical profile of exotropia surgery outcomes amongst paediatric patients.

METHODS: This is a descriptive, retrospective, clinical study of surgeries performed between 2014 and 2016 at the Sarawak Heart Centre, Malaysia. Medical records of patients with primary and secondary exotropia were reviewed. The following factors that affected the surgical outcomes were collected: onset age of squint, age at the time of surgery, the interval between diagnosis and surgery, the type of exotropia, visual acuity, presence of amblyopia, previous patching, anisometropia, refractive error, type of surgery, preoperative and postoperative deviation, pre-existing ocular comorbidity and systemic illness.

RESULT: A total of 15 patients were studied with more than two thirds being females. Seven patients had primary exotropia while eight patients had secondary exotropia. Average interval between diagnosis and surgery was 1.3 years (±0.82) for primary exotropia and 1.2 years (±0.84) for secondary exotropia. Average pre-operative angle for primary exotropia was 50.57PD (±10.83) whereas secondary exotropia was 39.38PD (±8.63). Seven patients had successful surgical outcomes of within 10 prism dioptres, five for primary exotropia and two for secondary exotropia. The response to surgery was 3.0PD/mm (±0.59) for primary exotropia and 2.2PD/mm (±0.74) for secondary exotropia.

CONCLUSION: In our study, primary exotropia had larger preoperative angle than secondary exotropia. The response to surgery was positively correlated with the preoperative angle of deviation. Primary exotropia showed better surgical outcome.

Fulltext Ultrasonographic findings in eyes with retinopathy of prematurity in malaysia

Lee KF, Abdul Rahim A, Raja Azmi MN, Wan Hazabbah WH, Embong Z, Noramazlan R, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2013;68(1):39-43.

PMID: 23466765 MyJurnal

RetCam is an excellent screening tool for the detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). However, affordability is a barrier when adopting the use of RetCam in developing countries. We aimed to describe different stages of ROP using ultrasonographic B-scan and to evaluate the association between funduscopic examinations and ultrasonographic B-scan findings in premature neonates with ROP in Malaysia. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 90 eyes of 47 premature neonates with different stages of ROP in three tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. Experienced ophthalmologists performed detailed funduscopic examinations using binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO). A masked examiner performed a 10 MHz ultrasonographic B-scan evaluation with 12 meridian position images within 48 hours of clinical diagnosis. Data from the clinical examination and ultrasonographic findings were collected and analysed. We recruited 37 eyes (41.1%) with stage 1 ROP, 29 eyes (32.3%) with stage 2, 18 eyes (20.0%) with stage 3, and 3 eyes (3.3%) with stages 4 and 5 based on the clinical assessment. Ultrasonography correctly identified 3 (8.1%) stage 1 eyes, 17 (58.6%) stage 2 eyes, 13 (72.2%) stage 3 eyes, and 3 each (100%) of the stage 4 and 5 eyes. There was a significant association between the funduscopic signs and the ultrasound findings for stage 2 ROP and above (Fisher's exact test, p <0.001). In conclusion, all stages of ROP were detected and described with a 10 MHz ultrasonic B-scan system. A significant association was observed between funduscopic signs and ultrasonographic findings in premature Malaysian neonates with stage 2 ROP and above.

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