Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 167 in total

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  1. Fulltext An exotic fruit with high nutritional value: Kadsura coccinea fruit
    Sun, J., Jiang, Y., Amin, I., Li, Z., Prasad, K.N., Duan, X., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(2):651-657.
    MyJurnal
    This research was to determine nutritional composition, essential and toxic elemental content, and major phenolic acid with antioxidant activity in Kadsura coccinea fruit. The results indicated that Kadsura coccinea fruit exhibited the high contents of total protein, total fat, ash and essential elements such as calcium (Ca), ferrum (Fe) and phosphorus (P). The levels of four common toxic elements, i.e. cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), were lower than legal limits. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, gallic acid was identified as major phenolic acid in peel and pulp tissues. Its contents were no significant difference in both tissues. In comparison with two commercial antioxidants, the major phenolic acid extracted from Kadsura coccinea exhibited stronger 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity and reducing power. Kadsura coccinea fruit is a good source of nutrition and natural antioxidant. It is worthwhile to popularize this exotic fruit around the world.
  2. Visualization Analysis of Medicinal Mushrooms Research Topic Based on Web of Science
    Yuan BZ, Sun J
    Int J Med Mushrooms, 2023;25(1):29-44.
    PMID: 36734917 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2022046684
    This study analyzed 1,739 papers on medicinal mushrooms published from 1999 to July 18, 2022 based on Web of Science (WoS). Papers were mainly written in English (1,733, 99.655%), from 6,502 authors, 92 countries or territories, 1,862 organizations and published in 311 journals and 3 book series. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms published 1,069 (61.472%) papers. Top 5 countries or regions were P.R. China, India, Taiwan, USA, and Malaysia; each published more than 87 papers. From the average citations, papers from Ukraine, Israel, Netherlands, Serbia, and Thailand show the highest citations per paper (more than 22.9 times per paper). The top five affiliations were Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Malaya, University of Haifa, National Chung Hsing University, and Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, each with more than 49 papers. Top five authors are Wasser SP, Hyde KD, Mau JL, Sabaratnam V, Yang Y; each published more than 26 papers. The paper with the most was Wasser SP in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (2002), which has 1442 citations and the average number of citations is 68.67 times per year. Based on the ESI database, there are 13 top papers with 13 highly cited papers and 1 hot paper. All keywords in medicinal mushrooms research were separated into ten clusters according to different research topics. The results will help researchers clarify the current situation and provide guidance for future research.
  3. Revision of the leafhopper genus Dusuna Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae), with description of one new species from China
    Sun J, Webb M, Zhang Y
    Zootaxa, 2014;3821(5):575-82.
    PMID: 24989768 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.5.5
    The leafhopper genus Dusuna Distant is revised to include seven species including one new species D. anacantha sp. nov. from China and one new combination D. distanti (Schmidt) n. comb. All species are described and illustrated. A checklist to species of the genus is provided together with a key to separate the two species known from the male. Figures of an unknown species from Malaysia (possibly new) are also included.
  4. Phylogenetic and genetic analyses of the emerging Nipah virus from bats to humans
    Shi J, Sun J, Hu N, Hu Y
    Infect Genet Evol, 2020 11;85:104442.
    PMID: 32622923 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104442
    Little is known about the genetic features of Nipah virus (NiV) associated with virulence and transmission. Herein, phylogenetic and genetic analyses for all available NiV strains revealed sequence variations between the two genetic lineages of NiV with pathogenic differences, as well as among different strains within Bangladesh lineage. A total of 143 conserved amino acid differences, distributed among viral nucleocapsid (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F) and glycoprotein (G), were revealed. Structural modeling revealed one key substitution (S3554N) in the viral G protein that might mediate a 12-amino-acid structural change from a loop into a β sheet. Multiple key amino acids substitutions in viral G protein were observed, which may alter viral fitness and transmissibility from bats to humans.
  5. Purification and characterization of a novel polysaccharide-peptide complex from Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves
    Huang D, Li Y, Cui F, Chen J, Sun J
    Carbohydr Polym, 2016 Feb 10;137:701-708.
    PMID: 26686182 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.102
    A novel polysaccharide-peptide complex CNP-1-2 with molecular weight of 9.17 × 10(4) Da was obtained from Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and purification with Superdex 200 and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography. CNP-1-2 exhibited the highest growth inhibitory effect on human gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 with inhibition ratio of 92.34% and stimulated activation of macrophages with NO secretion level of 47.53 μmol/L among the polysaccharide fractions. CNP-1-2 comprised approximately 87.25% carbohydrate and 9.37% protein. Monosaccharide analysis suggested that CNP-1-2 was composed of L-rhamnose, l-arabinose, D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose with a molar ratio of 1.30:1.00:2.56:4.95:5.09. Methylation analysis, FT-IR, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy analysis revealed that CNP-1-2 might have a backbone consisting of 1,4-linked Glcp, 1,3-linked Glcp, 1,3-linked Manp, 1,4-linked Galp, 1,2,6-linked Galp and 1,2,6-linked Galp. Its side chain might be composed of 1-linked Araf, 1,6-linked Galp and 1-linked Rhap residues. AFM (atomic force micrograph) analysis revealed that CNP-1-2 had the molecular aggregation along with branched and entangled structure.
  6. Soy husk extract improves physical and biochemical parameters of obese-diabetic rats through the regulation of PPARγ expression
    Tan ST, Ismail A, Hamid M, Chong PP, Sun J
    J Food Biochem, 2019 05;43(5):e12843.
    PMID: 31353513 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12843
    Unhealthy eating habits and lack of physical activities are among the contributing factors for obesity and diabetes. It has been reported that consumption of naturally occurring phenolics could exert beneficial effects toward these diseases. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the ability of phenolic-rich soy husk powder extract (SHPE) in modifying the physical and biochemical parameters for obesity and diabetes. Forty-nine Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups, including three supplementary/treatment groups. Rats in supplementary/treatment groups were provided with either 4 mg/kg BW Rosiglitazone Maleate, 250 mg SHPE/kg BW, or 500 mg SHPE/kg BW. The effectiveness of SHPE in alleviating obesity-diabetes was evaluated by measuring body weight (physical parameter), blood glucose metabolisms (biochemical parameters), and PPARγ expression. Findings in the present study revealed that short-term SHPE and Rosiglitazone Maleate administration improved the physical and biochemical parameters of obese-diabetic rats. In addition, SHPE was also demonstrated to upregulate PPARγ expression in adipocytes. These findings suggest that soy husk could emerge as a potential hypoglycemic and anti-adipogenic nutraceutical in future. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This was the first study to evaluate the potential effects of soy husk against the parameters of obese-diabetes in rats. In addition, promising effects derived from this study might explore the possibility of soy husk to be utilized as an antidiabetes nutraceutical.
  7. Comparison of fertilizer use efficiency in grain production between developing countries and developed countries
    Liu Q, Wu TY, Pu L, Sun J
    J Sci Food Agric, 2021 Oct 09.
    PMID: 34626124 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11579
    BACKGROUND: Study of chemical fertilization intensity (FI) and efficiency can provide basal data for the decision-making of food production and environmental impact assessment of fertilization. This research aimed to compare trends of the FI and efficiency during 1961-2018 in developed and developing countries with a simple method.

    RESULTS: The FI in China increased rapidly from about 5 kg ha-1 in 1961 to the highest value of 282 kg ha-1 in 2014, then decreased to about 231 kg ha-1 in 2018. Although the fertilizer allocation efficiency (FAE) showed a slight downward trend, slight upward trend was observed for the fertilizer integrated efficiency (FIE). FIs in India, Iran and Turkey continuously rose from5 kg ha-1 in 1961to 116, 49(148 in 2006),120kg ha-1 in 2018, respectively, while FAEs showed a significant fluctuation around horizontal direction or downward trends and their FIEs showed a slight fluctuation downward. FIs of Britain, Germany and France except USA, increased rapidly from about 200-400 kg ha-1 in 1960s to peaks of 430-530 kg ha-1 in 1980s, then dropped to 150-340 kg ha-1 around 2010, and then up to current level of 200-350 kg ha-1 , while FAEs and FIEs increased rapidly.

    CONCLUSION: France and Germany were found to have moderate chemical fertilizer input and the highest FIE. Thus, their experiences of ecological agricultures in both countries could provide good examples for the developing countries to follow. In short, models of FAE and FIE were easier way to reflect the fertilizer efficiencies in developed and developing countries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  8. Fulltext Volatile Organic Compounds of Scheffersomyces spartinae W9 Have Antifungal Effect against Botrytis cinerea on Strawberry Fruit
    Zou X, Wei Y, Zhu J, Sun J, Shao X
    Foods, 2023 Sep 28;12(19).
    PMID: 37835272 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193619
    This study aims to evaluate the antifungal effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by a marine biocontrol yeast, Scheffersomyces spartinae W9. The results showed that the VOCs from the yeast inhibited the growth of Botrytis cinerea mycelium and spore germination by 77.8% and 58.3%, respectively. Additionally, it reduced the disease incidence and lesion diameter of gray mold on the strawberry fruit surface by 20.7% and 67.4%, respectively. Electronic micrographs showed that VOCs caused damage to the morphology and ultrastructure of the hyphae. Based on headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS), S. spartinae W9 emitted 18 main VOCs, and the pure substance of VOCs, such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, and isoamyl acetate, showed antifungal effects against B. cinerea mycelium growth. Among them, 2-phenylethanol exhibited the strongest antifungal activity. It has been concluded that VOCs are the key antifungal mechanism of S. spartinae W9, and a promising strategy for controlling gray mold on strawberry fruit.
  9. Efficacy and safety of continuous nursing in improving functional recovery after total hip or knee arthroplasty in older adults: A systematic review
    Sun J, Xu Y, Zhu J, Zhu B, Gao W
    Int J Nurs Sci, 2024 Apr;11(2):286-294.
    PMID: 38707686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2024.03.013
    OBJECTIVE: This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous nursing care for the recovery of joint function in older adults with total hip or knee arthroplasty.

    METHODS: Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies of continuous nursing in older patients after joint replacement were searched from the database of Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase from their establishment to October 25, 2023. After literature screening, two researchers completed data extraction, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The risk analysis included in cohort studies was based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).

    RESULTS: The study included a total of 15 articles, comprising 34,186 knee and hip replacement patients. In this review, the effects of continuous nursing on the recovery of joint function of knee replacement and hip replacement in older adults were classified and discussed. Continuous nursing interventions targeted for total hip replacement could greatly increase the range of joint mobility, enhance muscle strength during hip movements like flexion, extension, and abduction, maintain joint stability, relieve pain, improve daily activities, and lower the risk of complications. For older patients with knee arthroplasty, continuous nursing programs could markedly improve knee motion range, joint flexion, joint stability, daily activities, and pain management. Despite the implementation of interventions, the incidence of complications caused by total knee replacement did not decrease. Out of all the studies reviewed, only one used a theoretical framework for interventions provided to patients during the postoperative period of hip arthroplasty. The overall quality of the included studies was very high.

    CONCLUSION: Continuous nursing can effectively improve the joint function of older patients after joint replacement. However, its effectiveness in terms of clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and medical cost of associated continuous nursing needs to be further clarified. In addition, continuous nursing has no significant advantage in the safety of postoperative complications and readmission rates in older adults after knee joint replacement. To enhance the efficacy and safety of continuous nursing effectively, it is crucial to refine the continuous nursing program in the future, thereby elevating the quality of nursing services.

  10. A phone-counseling smoking-cessation intervention for male Chinese restaurant workers
    Burton D, Zeng XX, Chiu CH, Sun J, Sze NL, Chen Y, et al.
    J Community Health, 2010 Dec;35(6):579-85.
    PMID: 20186474 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-010-9244-7
    We sought to develop a smoking-cessation intervention for male Chinese restaurant workers in New York City that required no seeking out by participants; provided support over a relatively long period of time; and was responsive to participants' cultural backgrounds and daily lives. The resulting intervention consisted of a minimum of 9 proactive phone counseling sessions within a 6-month period for each participant recruited at his worksite. All activities were conducted in Chinese languages. The efficacy of this proactive phone-counseling intervention was assessed in a pretest/posttest design comparing baseline smoking with smoking 6 months after the intervention ended. Of 137 male employees recruited at their restaurants, 101 (median age 40.5) participated in the phone-counseling intervention in 2007-2008, with 75 completing the program with at least 9 counseling calls. We found a linear increase in smoking cessation from 0% at Call 1 to 50.7% at Call 9 for 75 men who completed the program, and we found for all 101 participants a 32.7% intent-to-treat cessation rate for 6 months post-end of program, adjusted to 30.8% by saliva cotinine assessments. The results indicate that combining field outreach with phone counseling over an extended period of time can facilitate smoking cessation for population groups whose environments do not support efforts to quit smoking.
  11. Transcriptome analysis in the skin of Carassius auratus challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila
    Wang R, Hu X, Lü A, Liu R, Sun J, Sung YY, et al.
    Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2019 Nov;94:510-516.
    PMID: 31541778 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.039
    Skin plays an important role in the innate immune responses of fish, particularly towards bacterial infection. To understand the molecular mechanism of mucosal immunity of fish during bacterial challenge, a de novo transcriptome assembly of crucian carp Carassius auratus skin upon Aeromonas hydrophila infection was performed, the latter with Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform. A total of 118111 unigenes were generated and of these, 9693 and 8580 genes were differentially expressed at 6 and 12 h post-infection, respectively. The validity of the transcriptome results of eleven representative genes was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. A comparison with the transcriptome profiling of zebrafish skin to A. hydrophila with regards to the mucosal immune responses revealed similarities in the complement system, chemokines, heat shock proteins and the acute-phase response. GO and KEGG enrichment pathway analyses displayed the significant immune responses included TLR, MAPK, JAK-STAT, phagosome and three infection-related pathways (ie., Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae and pathogenic Escherichia coli) in skin. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the transcriptome analysis of C. auratus skin during A. hydrophila infection. The outcome of this study contributed to the understanding of the mucosal defense mechanisms in cyprinid species.
  12. Fulltext A modified method for genomic DNA extraction from the fish intestinal microflora
    Han Z, Sun J, Lv A, Sung Y, Sun X, Shi H, et al.
    AMB Express, 2018 Apr 02;8(1):52.
    PMID: 29610998 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0578-3
    A modified genomic DNA extraction method named the combination of lysozyme and ultrasonic lysis (CLU) method was used to analyze the fish intestinal microflora. In this method, the physical disruption and chemical lysis steps were combined, and some parameters in the key steps were adjusted. In addition, the results obtained by this method were compared with the results obtained by the Zirmil-beating cell disruption method and the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit. The OD260/OD280ratio and concentration of the DNA extracted using the CLU method were 2.02 and 282.8 µg/µL, respectively; when the incubation temperatures for lysozyme and RNase were adjusted to 37 °C, those values were 2.08 and 309.8 µg/µL, respectively. On the agarose gel, a major high-intensity, discrete band of more than 10 kb was found for the CLU method. However, the smearing intensity of degraded DNA was lower when the incubation temperatures were 60 °C for lysozyme and 30 °C for RNase than when incubation temperatures of 37 °C for lysozyme and 37 °C for RNase were used. The V3 variable region of the prokaryotic 16S rDNA was amplified, and an approximately 600-bp fragment was observed when the DNA extracted using the CLU method was used as a template. The CLU method is simple and cost effective, and it yields high-quality, unsheared, high-molecular-weight DNA, which is comparable to that obtained with a commercially available kit. The extracted DNA has potential for applications in critical molecular biology techniques.
  13. Proteomic Profiling of Zebrafish Challenged by Spring Viremia of Carp Virus Provides Insight into Skin Antiviral Response
    Liu R, Hu X, Lü A, Song Y, Lian Z, Sun J, et al.
    Zebrafish, 2020 04;17(2):91-103.
    PMID: 32176570 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1843
    Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) causes the skin hemorrhagic disease in cyprinid species, but its molecular mechanism of skin immune response remains unclear at the protein level. In the present study, the differential proteomics of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) skin in response to SVCV infection were examined by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. A total of 3999 proteins were identified, of which 320 and 181 proteins were differentially expressed at 24 and 96 h postinfection, respectively. The expression levels of 16 selected immune-related differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were confirmed by qPCR analysis. Furthermore, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed that DEPs were significantly associated with complement, inflammation, and antiviral response. The protein-protein interaction network of cytoskeleton-associated proteins, ATPase-related proteins, and parvalbumins from DEPs was shown to be involved in skin immune response. This is first report on the skin proteome profiling of zebrafish against SVCV infection, which will contribute to understand the molecular mechanism of local mucosal immunity in fish.
  14. Fulltext What China can learn from Malaysia to achieve the goal of "eliminate hepatitis C as a public health threat" by 2030 - a narrative review
    Sun J, Cheng H, Hassan MRA, Chan HK, Piedagnel JM
    Lancet Reg Health West Pac, 2021 Nov;16:100261.
    PMID: 34590064 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100261
    Background: To discuss a range of strategic options for China to improve the accessibility of direct antiviral agents (DAAs) as the treatment for hepatitis C. Methods: We adopted a narrative review approach for comprehensive comparisons and in-depth analyses of the country context, and barriers of increasing the DAA treatment rate of hepatitis C in Malaysia and China, and how the two countries have been navigating the hepatitis C agenda. Findings: Malaysia adopted a series of successful strategies to scale up the diagnosis of hepatitis C and DAA treatment, which have valuable implications for China. Interpretation: The potential game-changing strategies for China to adapt from Malaysian experiences range from the stepping-up of political commitment and leadership, enhanced market competition, simplified and decentralized treatment at the strengthened primary care level, integrated healthcare services, coordinated government initiatives, to multi-organizational participation and civil society's active role in raising public awareness, and training of non-specialist physicians. Embarking on scale-up of hepatitis C treatment marks another contribution of China to improve the health of not only the Chinese citizens but also mankind, which is an important component for building healthy Chinese and global communities. Funding: No funding supported this study.
  15. Transcriptome profiling of immune-responsive genes in the intestine of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther challenged with Shewanella algae
    Han Z, Sun J, Lv A, Xian JA, Sung YY, Sun X, et al.
    Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2018 Sep;80:291-301.
    PMID: 29886138 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.007
    To better understand gene expression in the intestine after Shewanella algae infection and provide insights into its immune roles in the tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, sequencing-based high-throughput RNA analysis (RNA-Seq) for the intestines between the control group and 12 h post-injection group was performed. After assembly, there was an average of 23,957,159 raw sequencing reads, and 23,943,491 clean reads were obtained after filtering out low-quality reads. Then, 383 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the intestines in response to S. algae infection were identified. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the DEGs were conducted to further explore their functions. Among all of the pathways involved, sixteen pathways were related to the immune system, among which the complement and coagulation cascades pathway was the most prominent for immunity-related DEGs, followed by the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway. Furthermore, the expression levels of twelve selected DEGs in the immune-related pathways were identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, substantiating the reliability and reproducibility of the RNA-Seq results. In summary, this study represents an important genomic resource for understanding the potential immune role of the tongue sole intestine from the perspective of gene expression.
  16. Impact of DNA extraction methods on the observed microbial communities from the intestinal flora of the penaeid shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
    Jiang B, Sun J, Lv A, Hu X, Shi H, Sung Y, et al.
    FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2019 05 01;366(9).
    PMID: 31074797 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz099
    Two DNA extraction methods, the Zirmil-beating cell disruption method (ZBC) and the QIAamp fast DNA stool mini kit (QIA), were used to extract DNA from the intestinal flora of the penaeid shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, and their microbial communities were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Results were obtained in terms of the number of reads, alpha diversity indexes, beta diversity indexes and taxonomic composition. The alpha diversity indexes of the community, according to the ZBC method, were higher than those according to the QIA method. Furthermore, results from the three samples using the ZBC method were less consistent than those where the QIA method was used. Further, using the latter method led to substantive clustering. It is suggested that the QIA method is more stable and repeatable than the ZBC method. Although the two extraction methods shared the major abundant microflora based on 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, bias associated with diversity analysis indexes and certain species was observed.
  17. Fulltext Unlocking Access To Novel Medicines In China-A Review From A Health System Perspective
    Diao Y, Li M, Huang Z, Sun J, Chee YL, Liu Y
    Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 2019;12:357-367.
    PMID: 31908552 DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S226379
    China's healthcare reform aims to provide affordable and equitable basic healthcare for all by 2020. Access to medicines is an essential part of the healthcare. The efforts of promoting access to medicines have been moving from meeting the needs of the basic healthcare, towards increasingly dedicated resources to offer breakthrough therapies. Looking at access to novel medicines from a health system perspective, and placing the changes China has made into that system context, this paper makes a comprehensive review of the progress of access to novel medicines in China. The review drew on two sources of information, which included desk review of published and grey literature, and key informant interview. Five hurdles were identified which create barriers of access to novel medicines, ranging from regulation and financing of medicines, intellectually property rights protection, and development of innovation capacity, to other health system components. Multiple policies have been implementing in China to remove the multiple access barriers gradually. Universal access to medicines has been moving from towards the basic common conditions to the world breakthrough technologies. We see cause for optimism, but recognize that there is a long way to go. Achieving broader and better access to modern medicines for Chinese patients will require multiple and coordinated government efforts, which would need to target the whole lifecycle regulation of novel medicines with a health system perspective, from balancing IP protection, strengthening R&D and public health, to appropriate regulatory approach and financing mechanism, and to supply chain management, as well as smart use.
  18. Fulltext Phenotypic and genomic characterization of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain causing disease in Penaeus vannamei provides insights into its niche adaptation and pathogenic mechanism
    Zhang X, Sun J, Chen F, Qi H, Chen L, Sung YY, et al.
    Microb Genom, 2021 05;7(5).
    PMID: 33952389 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000549
    The virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is variable depending on its virulence determinants. A V. parahaemolyticus strain, in which the virulence is governed by the pirA and pirB genes, can cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimps. Some V. parahaemolyticus that are non-AHPND strains also cause shrimp diseases and result in huge economic losses, while their pathogenicity and pathogenesis remain unclear. In this study, a non-AHPND V. parahaemolyticus, TJA114, was isolated from diseased Penaeus vannamei associated with a high mortality. To understand its virulence and adaptation to the external environment, whole-genome sequencing of this isolate was conducted, and its phenotypic profiles including pathogenicity, growth characteristics and nutritional requirements were investigated. Shrimps following artificial infection with this isolate presented similar clinical symptoms to the naturally diseased ones and generated obvious pathological lesions. The growth characteristics indicated that the isolate TJA114 could grow well under different salinity (10-55 p.p.t.), temperature (23-37 °C) and pH (6-10) conditions. Phenotype MicroArray results showed that this isolate could utilize a variety of carbon sources, amino acids and a range of substrates to help itself adapt to the high hyperosmotic and alkaline environments. Antimicrobial-susceptibility test showed that it was a multidrug-resistant bacterium. The whole-genomic analysis showed that this V. parahaemolyticus possessed many important functional genes associated with multidrug resistance, stress response, adhesions, haemolysis, putative secreted proteases, dedicated protein secretion systems and a variety of nutritional metabolic mechanisms. These annotated functional genes were confirmed by the phenotypic profiles. The results in this study indicated that this V. parahaemolyticus isolate possesses a high pathogenicity and strong environmental adaptability.
  19. Weedy rice, a hidden gold mine in the paddy field
    Wu D, Qiu J, Sun J, Song BK, Olsen KM, Fan L
    Mol Plant, 2022 Jan 12.
    PMID: 35032686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.01.008
  20. Health-related life satisfaction and its influencing factors: A cross-sectional study in China
    Wang SQ, Ying J, Zhang ML, Shi Y, Li Y, Xing ZJ, et al.
    Jpn J Nurs Sci, 2018 Oct;15(4):285-297.
    PMID: 29363255 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12201
    AIM: With the rapid development of science and technology, the pace of life has accelerated. Health and life satisfaction issues of persons are gaining more attention. China, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan conducted international cooperative research on health of four regional populations. This research was a part of the study in mainland China, which aimed to explore health-related life satisfaction and its influencing factors on large samples in mainland China.

    METHODS: A random group of 1404 persons from universities, factories, companies, and elderly centers in Changchun completed a structured questionnaire. This study centered on life satisfaction indicators, which included the current whole life, income, family relationships, peer relationships, relationships with the neighbors, living environment, personal health, family health, spare time, and housework share. Other collected data included the Body Mass Index, blood pressure, self-rated health, Breslow's seven health practices, medical treatment within the past 6 months, physical examinations, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12 Scale, social activities, networking relationships with persons around the community, social support, and sociodemographic variables. Associations between life satisfaction, demographics, and health-related variables were analyzed through a multiway ANOVA.

    RESULTS: The living environment and income of Chinese persons were related to their low life satisfaction. The multiway ANOVA showed that the independent relationship of self-rated health, regular physical examinations, GHQ-12 Scale, trust in the community, communication with the neighbors, education, and age related with life satisfaction accounting for 20.3% of the variance. Education and age showed interactive effects on life satisfaction.

    CONCLUSION: This study identified seven factors that influenced the life satisfaction of persons in mainland China. Life satisfaction can be enhanced through interventions to improve self-rated health, regular physical examinations, mental health, trust in the community, communication with the neighbors, education, and improvement in the health service.

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