Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was employed for the extraction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in MD2 pineapple (Ananas comosus L. var. comosus cv. MD2). Optimisation of HS-SPME operating parameters was conducted using three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken response surface experimental design to evaluate the interactive effects of temperature (30 – 50 ºC), extraction time (10 – 30 min) and salting effect (1 – 3 g of salt addition) on the amount of selected VOCs. Determination of VOCs was done using gas chromatography with spectrometry detector (GC-MSD). Extraction temperature was found to be significant (p < 0.05) in increasing the amount of selected VOCs (ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyrate and butanoic acid methyl ester). Based on the maximum amount of these VOCs, the optimum operating extraction conditions for HS-SPME were set up at temperature of 30 °C, time of 29 min and salt addition of 1 g. The optimized HS-SPME conditions were employed for the extraction of VOCs from pineapple of different varieties.
Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was used to isolate volatile compounds (VOCs) from mangoes (Harumanis cv.). Among the four SPME fibres investigated, the mixed phase coating, 65 μm polydimethyl siloxane–divinylbenzene (DVB/PDMS) showed the highest efficiency in extracting VOCs as 26 compounds were detected with the total area of 9.6 x 109. The optimization of SPME factors was conducted in 2 stages using multivariate design. The first stage involved screening of the significant factors using the Plackett–Burman (P–B) design, followed by the optimization of the significant factors utilizing Central Composite Design (CCD). The experimental design for both P-B and CCD design was generated using Design-Expert version 6.0.4 (Stat Ease Software). Extraction time and temperature appeared to be the most significant factors in extracting VOCs in mangoes, with the optimum conditions prevailing at 55°C and 34 minutes respectively.