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  1. Interactions of pre-symbolic children with developmental disabilities with their mothers and siblings
    Singh SJ, Iacono T, Gray KM
    Int J Lang Commun Disord, 2015 Mar-Apr;50(2):202-14.
    PMID: 25585674 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12128
    Depending on the severity of their disabilities, children with Down syndrome (DS) and with cerebral palsy (CP) may remain pre-symbolic for prolonged periods of time. When interacting with pre-symbolic children, communication partners have a role in identifying which of their behaviours are communicative, to be able to respond to those behaviours and maintain reciprocal interaction. To date, most research on these children's communication development has been conducted within the context of mother-child interaction. Seldom have they been observed interacting with other family members, and in interactions other than dyadic, despite these interactions also occurring daily.
  2. Fulltext Application of the Logic Model to the School-Based Fit and Smart Adolescent Smoking Cessation Programme
    Abdul Halim NA, Wee LH, Mohd Saat NZ, Jit Singh SJ, Siau CS, Chan CMH
    Malays J Med Sci, 2022 Oct;29(5):133-145.
    PMID: 36474542 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2022.29.5.14
    BACKGROUND: School-based smoking cessation intervention programmes are challenging to implement and evaluate. This study aimed to explain the process of developing the Fit and Smart Adolescent Smoking Cessation Programme (FSSCP). Logic model is a visual tool that helps programme planners to create an activity action plan that suits the target group to achieve programme objectives and goals.

    METHODS: This two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial was implemented between January 2018 and November 2018. Six schools were selected using stratified random sampling, whereby students were purposively selected and invited. The criteria of inclusion to the programme were secondary school students (aged 13 years old-17 years old) who smoked conventional cigarettes (CC) and electronic cigarettes (EC).

    RESULTS: A total of 422 students from six schools participated in this study. Three schools were designated as intervention (n = 250) and the other three as control schools (n = 172). Formative evaluation of participants in the FSSCP using the logic model showed that participants were satisfied with the overall programme (91.5%), were motivated to stop smoking (90.4%) and were prevented from relapse (89.2%). The quit rate at a 3-month follow-up was 41.8%.

    CONCLUSION: The logic model supported the development of the programme, with details on the processes, dissemination activities, identification of barriers, evaluation criteria and outcomes provided.

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