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Fulltext Blood pressure in rural and urban adult healthy females of Jat Sikh community in Punjab, North India: an epidemiologic profile

Sidhu S, Badaruddoza, Kaur A

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Jun;59(2):233-41.
PMID: 15559175

Blood pressure readings were collected from 1042 adult females of rural and urban Jat Sikh community of Punjab, a north Indian State. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight and skinfold thickness were also collected. The difference between rural and urban females in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure was found to be statistically significant. All anthropometric variables and age have a significant positive association with blood pressure. The effects of anthropometric variables on blood pressure were assessed simultaneously through stepwise multiple regression analysis. All 'F' ratios have been found highly significant (p < 0.001) among both rural and urban female population.
Role of carbohydrate in central fatigue: a systematic review

Khong TK, Selvanayagam VS, Sidhu SK, Yusof A

Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2017 Apr;27(4):376-384.
PMID: 27714855 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12754

Carbohydrate (CHO) depletion is linked to neuromuscular fatigue during exercise. While its role at peripheral level is relatively well understood, less is known about its impact centrally. The aim of this systematic review was to critically analyze the effects of CHO on central fatigue (CF) assessed by various neurophysiological techniques. Four databases were searched using PRISMA guidelines through February 2016. The inclusion criteria were: CHO as intervention against a placebo control, fatigue induced by prolonged exercise and assessed using neurophysiological measures [voluntary activation (VA), superimposed twitch (SIT), M-wave, electromyography], alongside maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Seven papers were reviewed, where exercise duration lasted between 115 and 180 min. CHO improved exercise performance in three studies, whereby two of them attributed it to CF via attenuation of VA and SIT reductions, while the other indicated peripheral involvement via attenuation of M-wave reduction. Although a few studies suggest that CHO attenuates CF, data on its direct effects on neurophysiological outcome measures are limited and mixed. Generally, measures employed in these studies were inadequate to conclude central contribution to fatigue. Factors including the techniques used and the lack of controls render additional confounding factors to make definitive deductions. Future studies should employ consistent techniques and appropriate neurophysiological controls to distinguish CHO effect at central level. The use of pharmacological intervention should be incorporated to elucidate involvement of central mechanisms.
Fulltext Adrenal Insufficiency in Children With Nephrotic Syndrome on Corticosteroid Treatment

Abu Bakar K, Khalil K, Lim YN, Yap YC, Appadurai M, Sidhu S, et al.

Front Pediatr, 2020;8:164.
PMID: 32351921 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00164

Background: Adrenal insufficiency can result from impaired functions at all levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We here studied risk factors associated with adrenal insufficiency in children receiving prolonged exogenous steroid treatment for nephrotic syndrome. Method:We performed low-dose Synacthen tests (LDSTs, 0.5 μg/m2) in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome 4-6 weeks after discontinuation of the corticosteroid therapy. We measured early morning serum cortisol levels at baseline and at intervals of 10, 20, 30, and 60 min following the stimulation test. We defined normal HPA axis stimulation responses as those with peak cortisol cut-off values >550 nmol/L. Result:We enrolled 37 children for this study research. All children enrolled had normal early morning cortisol levels. However, 13 (35.1%) demonstrated HPA axis suppression (by LDST) 4-+6 weeks after discontinuation of oral prednisolone. Nephrotic syndrome diagnosed before 5 years of age (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57-0.99; p = 0.043), and steroid-dependence [OR, 5.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-29.34; p = 0.042] were associated with increased risk of developing adrenal suppression after steroid discontinuation. Conclusion:HPA axis suppression, may go unnoticed without proper screening. A normal early morning cortisol level (275-555 nmol/L) does not exclude adrenal insufficiency in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Further screening with LDSTs, particularly in children younger than 5 years at diagnosis, may be warranted.
Fulltext Urology services in a tertiary hospital: continuing work during the COVID-19 Movement Control Order in Malaysia

Khor V, Sidhu S, Muhammad Afiq MFO, Pushpanathan M, Fahmy O, Khairul Asri MG, et al.

Singapore Med J, 2024 Mar 01;65(Suppl 1):S35-S40.
PMID: 35139632 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2022008
Fulltext Early B-cell Factor 3-Related Genetic Disease Can Mimic Urofacial Syndrome

Harkness JR, Beaman GM, Teik KW, Sidhu S, Sayer JA, Cordell HJ, et al.

Kidney Int Rep, 2020 Oct;5(10):1823-1827.
PMID: 33102976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.07.001
Health-related quality of life amongst children with chronic kidney disease in Malaysia: performance of the Bahasa Melayu version of the PedsQL 3.0 ESRD Module : (PedsQL 3.0 VerBATIM: version in Bahasa Melayu. Translated for use in Malaysia)

Bakar KA, Muhamad NA, Sarpin MA, Shaharudin S, Sidhu S, Yap SL, et al.

Pediatr Nephrol, 2023 Jun;38(6):1897-1905.
PMID: 36272027 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05774-0

BACKGROUND: The PedsQL 3.0 End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Module is a well-accepted instrument internationally but it is not available in the local language. We aimed to validate the Bahasa Melayu (Malay language) version and determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores amongst children with CKD in Malaysia.
METHODS: The source questionnaire in English was translated into Bahasa Melayu. Linguistic validation guidelines by the MAPI Research Institute were followed. The already validated Bahasa Melayu PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales was used for comparison. Sociodemographic data were collected during the interview. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0.
RESULTS: Sixty-nine children aged 8 to 18 with CKD stages 4 and 5, with or without dialysis, and their caregivers were recruited. Mean age was 12.62 ± 2.77 (SD). Evaluation of the PedsQL 3.0 ESRD Module Bahasa Melayu version demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha 0.82). There was good agreement between child self-report and parent proxy report in all domains; average intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.78, 95% CI (0.71, 0.84). Scores obtained from Generic 4.0 scales correlated with the disease-specific ESRD 3.0 scale, Spearman's rho = 0.32, p = 0.007. The Kruskal-Wallis H test indicated that there were no significant differences between stages of CKD and their respective mean HRQoL score, χ2(2) = 2.88, p = 0.236.
CONCLUSIONS: The PedsQL 3.0 ESRD Module Bahasa Melayu version is a reliable and feasible tool for cross-cultural adaptation. A longer prospective study may help better illustrate the quality of life in this group of children.