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  1. Fulltext Isolation of Janthinobacterium lividum from early onset neonatal sepsis patients in Malaysia
    Shinkafi SH, Umar S, Neela VK, Noordin SM, Noordin SA, Hudu SA, et al.
    Afr Health Sci, 2019 Sep;19(3):2378-2389.
    PMID: 32127808 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i3.11
    Background: The term early onset neonatal septicaemia (EONS) refers to invasive bacterial infections that primarily involve the blood stream of neonates during the first 3 days of life. Although early onset neonatal septicaemia is relatively uncommon, it may be associated with case fatality rates of 15-30% and substantial morbidity in surviving infants.

    Objectives: This study describes an unusual septicaemia cases with Janthinobacterium lividum in neonatal Intensive Care Units.

    Methods: Bacterial causes of early onset neonatal sepsis in Kuala Lumpur Hospital Malaysia were investigated using broad range 16S rDNA PCR and sequencing. The bacterial DNA was isolated directly from blood without pre-incubation. All samples collected were equally cultured and incubated in automated BACTEC system.

    Results: Two hundred and fifty two neonates were recruited in this study with mean (SD) gestational age of 35.9. Neonates with J. lividum infection lacked microbiological evidence of septicaemia as their blood culture yielded no bacterial growth. However, the PCR analysis of these samples yielded 1100bp corresponding to bacteria species.

    Conclusion: This study demonstrates the value of PCR in detecting bacteria where special growth requirement is involved.

  2. Fulltext Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Schistosoma haematobium among primary school children in Kebbi State, Nigeria
    Umar S, Shinkafi SH, Hudu SA, Neela V, Suresh K, Nordin SA, et al.
    Ann Parasitol, 2017;63(2):133-139.
    PMID: 28822206 DOI: 10.17420/ap6302.97
    Schistosomiasis is the major source of morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. It is estimated that 207 million people are infected, of which 97% are in Africa. The aim of this study was the determining of prevalence as well as the phylogeny of S. haematobium among school children in Argungu Emirate, Kebbi State Nigeria. A total of 325 urine samples was collected from school children between 7 to 14 years. S. heamatobium eggs was examined under dissecting microscope and DNA was extracted from urine sample and COX1 gene was amplified by nested PCR. The PCR products were purified, sequenced and analysed. This study showed a prevalence of 32.09%, with male pupils having the highest prevalence. S. haematobium infections in children who fetch water in the river have 24 times higher risk of being infected while those who bath in the river have 158 times higher risk of being infected. Our sequences were phylogenetically related to S. haematobium isolate U82266 from Kenya and consistence with the predominant species in Africa. This was the first S. haematobium and S. mansoni co-infection reported in Nigeria. S. haematobium infection is prevalent among school age and significantly associated with water contact.
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