Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 21 in total

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  1. Fulltext The association of FDG-PET (Suvmax) and inflammatory marker in predicting tumour aggressiveness
    Ahmad Saad, F.F., Abdullah, N.S., Shaharuddin, S., Nordin, A.J.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2018;26(3):953-964.
    MyJurnal
    Chronic inflammation is associated with processes that contribute to the onset or progression of cancer. This study examined the correlation between dichotomised patients with malignant tumours and inflammatory markers based on the altered glucose metabolism measured by the FDG SUVmax that underpins the degree of tumour aggressiveness. Thirty-one patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for various carcinoma along with blood inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL6), lipid profile and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were obtained in retrospective study. Patients were dichotomised by the cut-off SUVmax value of 6.0 dl/ml derived from curve analysis (P=-0.025). The mean age of the subjects were 53.16 ± 12.06 years and mean SUVmax of 8.80±6.27 g/ml. Significant correlation was noted between the SUVmax and CRP and IL6 (r=0.361; P
  2. Microencapsulation of alginate-immobilized bagasse with Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 442: enhancement of survivability and thermotolerance
    Shaharuddin S, Muhamad II
    Carbohydr Polym, 2015 Mar 30;119:173-81.
    PMID: 25563958 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.045
    The aim of this research was to enhance the survivability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 442 against heat exposure via a combination of immobilization and microencapsulation processes using sugarcane bagasse (SB) and sodium alginate (NaA), respectively. The microcapsules were synthesized using different alginate concentration of 1, 2 and 3% and NaA:SB ratio of 1:0, 1:1 and 1:1.5. This beneficial step of probiotic immobilization before microencapsulation significantly enhanced microencapsulation efficiency and cell survivability after heat exposure of 90°C for 30s. Interestingly, the microcapsule of SB-immobilized probiotic could obtain protection from heat using microencapsulation of NaA concentration as low as 1%. SEM images illustrated the incorporation of immobilized L. rhamnosus within alginate matrices and its changes after heat exposure. FTIR spectra confirmed the change in functional bonding in the presence of sugarcane bagasse, probiotic and alginate. The results demonstrated a great potential in the synthesis of heat resistant microcapsules for probiotic.
  3. Fulltext Effects of preparation methods on the properties of pineapple fibers
    Muhamad, I. I., Md Katan, N. S., Shaharuddin, S., Abang Zaideld, D. N.
    Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2015;4(1):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    The present study reports on the preparation processes and characterization of fibers from pineapple cores. The effects of different washing techniques (tap-water and hot-water washing) and particle sizes (0.2, 0.5 and 1 mm) on two important characteristics of dietary fiber, i.e. water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC), were investigated. It was found that the washing pre-treatment significantly improved WHC. Meanwhile larger particle sizes of fiber gave better WHC and OHC for all types of fibers. Tap-water washing was the most appropriate pretreatment method compared to hot-water washing and unwashed method. However, there was no difference in morphologies of the fibers before and after being prewashed at different particle sizes. The fiber morphology was preserved best after the drying process using microwave freeze dryer (MFD) and microwave vacuum dryer (MVD). This study demonstrates the potential of pre-treatment and drying methods in functional fiber preparation for food enrichment.
  4. Assessing Retrospective Data on the Management of Ischemic Stroke
    Zulkifly H, Othman PN, Shaharuddin S, Long CM
    Value Health, 2015 Nov;18(7):A381.
    PMID: 26532154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.810
  5. Nutritional values of Baccaurea pubera and comparative evaluation of SHS treatment on its antioxidant properties
    Shaharuddin S, Husen R, Othman A
    J Food Sci Technol, 2021 Jun;58(6):2360-2367.
    PMID: 33967332 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04748-0
    Baccaurea pubera is a blood red coloured fruit found exclusively in Borneo. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of superheated steam treatment on its antioxidant properties and mineral content as well as to determine nutritional values of the fruit. The fruits were treated with superheated steam at 170 °C for 15 min prior to extraction and freeze drying. The results showed that, in comparison to the control, superheated steam treatment enhanced the total phenolic content by 147.8% (287.16 mg GAE/100 g vs. 115.87 mg GAE/100 g) and DPPH radical scavenging activity by 23.7% (66.94% vs. 54.13%). However, there were reductions, as compared to the control treatments, in total flavonoid content by 16.5% (8.29 mg QE/100 g vs. 9.93 mg QE/100 g), lycopene content by 28.6% (0.020 μg/100 g vs. 0.028 μg/100 g) and ferric reducing antioxidant power by 22.2% (844.41 mg TE/100 g vs. 1085.15 mg TE/100 g). The superheated steam treatment was also observed to reduce the mineral content of the fruit, from as little as 3.6% to as high as 52% depending upon the specific mineral.
  6. Fulltext Be Cautious Of Triple Whammy!!!
    Zulkifly H, Abdul WM, Shaharuddin S, Chiau ML, Mat ZH
    Value Health, 2014 Nov;17(7):A467.
    PMID: 27201328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1312
  7. Common bile duct perforation due to tuberculosis: a case report
    Jarmin R, Alwi RI, Shaharuddin S, Salleh KM, Gunn A
    Asian J Surg, 2004 Oct;27(4):342-4.
    PMID: 15564193
    A young man with HIV presented with biliary peritonitis secondary to spontaneous common bile duct perforation. Investigation revealed that the perforation was due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of the bile duct is uncommon and usually presents with obstructive jaundice due to stricture. Bile duct perforation due to tuberculosis is extremely rare. Its management is discussed.
  8. Fulltext Inguinal hernia repair by surgical trainees at a Malaysian teaching hospital
    Chan KY, Rohaizak M, Sukumar N, Shaharuddin S, Jasmi AY
    Asian J Surg, 2004 Oct;27(4):306-12.
    PMID: 15564185
    To assess the outcome of inguinal hernia repaired by surgical trainees at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Hospital.
  9. Fulltext Safety and quality preservation of starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) at ambient shelf life using synergistic pectin-maltodextrin-sodium chloride edible coating
    Mohd Suhaimi NI, Mat Ropi AA, Shaharuddin S
    Heliyon, 2021 Feb;7(2):e06279.
    PMID: 33681497 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06279
    The demand for fresh, safe, and healthy fruits by consumers has increased, which concurrently occurs with an increase in initiatives on reducing food wastage. Starfruit consists of good nutrition and valuable sensory attributes, but its shelf life is short and can only be preseved for a few days at ambient storage. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of synergistic edible coatings (pectin [Pe] and maltodextrin [M] and 100, 200, and 300 ppm of sodium chloride [SC]) on the quality and safety criterion of starfruits throughout a shelf life analysis of 14 days at ambient temperature. Consumer acceptability of the edible-coated starfruit was also evaluated. The coating process was performed using a dipping method. The uncoated (control) and coated samples were evaluated for the characteristics of weight, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), water activity, color, texture, microbial growth, FTIR, and sensory evaluation. From the results, the starfruit coated with Pe + M + 100 ppm SC had a significantly lower weight-loss trend compared to the other samples. On day 14, pH of the coated starfruits were 3.02, 3.14, and 3.31 for 100, 200, and 300 ppm of SC, respectively, were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05) from the control (pH 3.49). The control had a significantly higher value of total soluble solids (6.00 ⁰Brix) compared to the coated starfruits (6.00, 5.47, and 5.33 ⁰Brix, respectively). The coated samples have significantly higher values of firmness than control especially in initial days of storage. It was observed that Pe + M + 100 ppm SC could minimize the spoilage of fruits by reducing the growth of yeast and mold, as well as bacteria, up to 0.86 and 2.02 log CFU/ml, respectively. FTIR results confirmed the presence of the coating on the starfruit. In the sensory evaluation, no significance different (p > 0.05) were obtained for all the sensory attributes and overall acceptability for day 0 and 3. In conclusion, starfruit coated with synergistic Pe + M + 100 ppm SC appeared to be the best sample in extending its shelf life and maintaining the physicochemical characteristics of starfruits up to more than 14 days.
  10. Fulltext Relation of the time in therapeutic range (TTR) of warfarin to bleeding incidences in patients with atrial fibrillation [Abstract]
    Jasmi MA, Mazlan MN, Shaharuddin S, Zulkifly HH, Long CM, Hashim R, et al.
    Value Health, 2014 Nov;17(7):A478.
    PMID: 27201388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1375
    Conference abstract;
    Objectives: Warfarin use in atrial fibrillation has been established for preventing occurrence of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, safety and clinical monitoring of warfarin use is crucial due to its risk of bleeding complications. This study aims to compare and establish relation of time in therapeutic range (TTR) of warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation in the first 6 months and 6 month thereafter of anticoagulation therapy.
    Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at a tertiary-care hospital with anticoagulation clinic in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Data collected included patients’ demographics, co-morbidities, and international normalized ratio (INR). TTR were determined using Rosendaal method based on records found in database (INR Desk 4.0 system) and patients’ hemorrhage events were also recorded. Samples of the study were patient who started warfarin from January 2009 until March 2013.
    Results: A total of 167 patients with atrial fibrillation were enrolled and only 6% (n=10) achieved TTR of more than 75% for the first 6 months of warfarin use as compared to 16.8% (n=28) of TTR more than 75% 6 months thereafter. As for bleeding incidences, 29% (n=45) of patients in the group of TTR less than 75% in the first 6 months had bleeding complications as compared to 18.7% (n=26) in patients of TTR less than 75% 6 months after.
    Conclusions: A more regular follow up is necessary during the first 6 months of new warfarin users as they tend to be out of the TTR and have a higher bleeding risk.
    Study site: anticoagulation clinic, tertiary hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
  11. Spatial pattern analysis for water quality in free-surface constructed wetland
    Mohammadpour R, Shaharuddin S, Chang CK, Zakaria NA, Ab Ghani A
    Water Sci Technol, 2014 10 18;70(7):1161-7.
    PMID: 25325539 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.343
    Free-surface constructed wetlands are known as a low-energy green technique to highly decrease a wide range of pollutants in wastewater and stormwater before discharge into natural water. In this study, two spatial analyses, principal factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HACA), were employed to interpret the effect of wetland on the water quality variables (WQVs) and to classify the wetland into groups with similar characteristics. Eleven WQVs were collected at the 17 sampling stations twice a month for 13 months. All sampling stations were classified by HACA into three clusters, with high, moderate, and low pollution areas. To improve the water quality, the performance of Cluster-III (micropool) is more significant than Cluster-I and Cluster-II. Implications of this study include potential savings of time and cost for long-term data monitoring purposes in the free-constructed wetland.
  12. Developing a practice-based master in clinical pharmacy program at the Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
    Hadi MA, Ming LC, Leng LW, Shaharuddin S, Adam A
    Am J Pharm Educ, 2010 Mar 10;74(2):32d.
    PMID: 20414448
  13. Intestinal obstruction due to rectal endometriosis: a surgical enigma
    Jarmin R, Idris MA, Shaharuddin S, Nadeson S, Rashid LM, Mustaffa WM
    Asian J Surg, 2006 Jul;29(3):149-52.
    PMID: 16877213
    Obstructed rectal endometriosis is an uncommon presentation. The clinical and intraoperative presentation may present as malignant obstruction. The difficulty in making the diagnosis may delay the definitive management of the patient. We report a unique case of rectal endometriosis mimicking malignant rectal mass causing intestinal obstruction and discuss the management of the case.
  14. Preliminary study of safety and efficacy of warfarin versus dabigatran in atrial fibrillation patients in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia [Abstract]
    Mohd Hajiri M, Shaharuddin S, Long CM, Hashim R, Zulkifly HH, Kasim SS, et al.
    Value Health, 2015 Nov;18(7):A378.
    PMID: 26532133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.795
    Conference abstract:
    Objectives: Warfarin has been used for more than 50 years as stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation. New oral anticoagulant, Dabigatran, was developed and shown to be safer and more efficacious compared to Warfarin due to its lower tendency of bleeding and in reducing stroke incidences. This study aims to compare the pattern of anticoagulants used and to assess their safety and efficacy by evaluating bleeding and stroke occurrences in both groups.
    Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at a hospital with hematology clinic in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The samples of the study were patients with atrial fibrillation, prescribed with warfarin or dabigatran. Data collected includes patients’ demographics, co-morbidities, and stroke and haemorrhage events.
    Results: A total of 71 patients were recruited in this study with 21, 21 and 29 patients were on Warfarin, Dabigatran 110 mg and Dabigatran 150 mg respectively. Out of 50 Dabigatran users, 36 of them are warfarin-experienced. 1 out of 21 patients on warfarin experienced stroke while none in both 110 and 150mg dabigatran group. A total of 11 (52.4%) of warfarin patients experienced bleeding with 2 of them having major bleeding whereas, only 4 (8%) out of 50 dabigatran patients experienced minor bleeding, 1 in patient who were on Dabigatran 150mg and 3 patients who were on Dabigatran 110mg.
    Conclusions: The pattern of anticoagulant used for stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation is slowly changing from Warfarin to Dabigatran. Evaluation of safety and efficacy profile of Warfarin shows that Warfarin requires more extensive management and monitoring in order to achieve therapeutic goals with fewer side effects. Comparison between both anticoagulants show that Dabigatran is safer and more effective compared to warfarin
    Study site: Haematology clinic, hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
  15. Relationship of Time in Therapeutic Range (Ttr) with Bleeding and Stroke Incidences of Warfarinised Patients with Pulmonary Embolism in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia
    Sudirman N, Shaharuddin S, Long CM, Hashim R, Zulkifly HH, Kasim SS, et al.
    Value Health, 2015 Nov;18(7):A378.
    PMID: 26532135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2015.09.794
  16. Fulltext Molecular phylogenetic analysis of wild Tiger’s milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) collected from Pahang, Malaysia and its nutritional value and toxic metal content
    Lai WH, Loo SS, Rahmat N, Shaharuddin S, Daud F, Zamri Z, et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(5):2301-2307.
    MyJurnal
    Tiger’s Milk mushroom has been used for medicinal purposes by local aborigines to treat asthma, breast cancer, cough, fever and food poisoning. Molecular phylogenetic analysis utilizing RNA polymerase II, second largest subunit (RPB2) gene, identified the wild Tiger’s Milk mushrooms collected from the state of Pahang in Malaysia for this study as Lignosus rhinocerus in the order Polyporales. The tuber, stipe and pileus of this mushroom were analyzed for their basic nutritional composition (fat, protein, and carbohydrate) and toxic metal content profile (Cadmium, Lead and Mercury). The moisture content of these mushroom parts varied from 32.22% (pileus) – 46.31% (stipe). The dry matter of the mushrooms contained 2.76% (stipe) – 6.60% (pileus) proteins, 0.21% (pileus) – 0.30% (tuber) fat, 1.76% (stipe) – 4.38% (tuber) ash and 38.47% (stipe) – 56.30% (pileus) carbohydrates. The toxic metal content of the mushroom samples ranged from 0.03–0.12 mg/kg for Cd, 0.80–1.94 mg/kg for Pb and 0.05–0.10 mg/kg for Hg. The present study demonstrated that L. rhinocerus is a potential source of food due to its high carbohydrate content. In addition, the trace levels of toxic metals in this mushroom are within the safe level for consumption.
  17. Prediction of water quality index in constructed wetlands using support vector machine
    Mohammadpour R, Shaharuddin S, Chang CK, Zakaria NA, Ab Ghani A, Chan NW
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2015 Apr;22(8):6208-19.
    PMID: 25408070 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3806-7
    Poor water quality is a serious problem in the world which threatens human health, ecosystems, and plant/animal life. Prediction of surface water quality is a main concern in water resource and environmental systems. In this research, the support vector machine and two methods of artificial neural networks (ANNs), namely feed forward back propagation (FFBP) and radial basis function (RBF), were used to predict the water quality index (WQI) in a free constructed wetland. Seventeen points of the wetland were monitored twice a month over a period of 14 months, and an extensive dataset was collected for 11 water quality variables. A detailed comparison of the overall performance showed that prediction of the support vector machine (SVM) model with coefficient of correlation (R(2)) = 0.9984 and mean absolute error (MAE) = 0.0052 was either better or comparable with neural networks. This research highlights that the SVM and FFBP can be successfully employed for the prediction of water quality in a free surface constructed wetland environment. These methods simplify the calculation of the WQI and reduce substantial efforts and time by optimizing the computations.
  18. Contextual and culturally appropriate video narratives: A potential health promotion tool for young adults
    En TC, Yee YZ, Zhi WCS, Shaharuddin S, Appalasamy JR
    Health Promot J Austr, 2023 Oct;34(4):791-798.
    PMID: 36529522 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.687
    ISSUE ADDRESSED: There is an increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the young adult population worldwide, with a high prevalence of undiagnosed DM in. This study aims to evaluate the preliminary effects of a culturally appropriate DM audio-visual among young adults.

    METHODS: This study involved two phases; the first to develop and validate the videos followed by the second phase exploring the engagement level among 80 young adults. The variables of interest included the participants' knowledge and their planned action after watching the video.

    RESULTS: Most of the participants (60%) were between the age of 21 and 25 years and had a family history of DM. The majority of participants (80.0%) demonstrated good awareness of DM. Slightly more than half of them (58.8%) thought that DM was curable, which contradicts their knowledge measure. Nevertheless, 88.8% of participants were interested to learn more about DM.

    CONCLUSIONS: The use of a strategic storyboard and creative editing of the promotional video was a potential trigger to raise the young adults' curiosity to find out more about DM.

  19. Fulltext Investigating the prevalence of diabetic complications in overweight/obese patients: a study in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia
    Shaharuddin S, Thuraisingam S, Daud NA, Shafie SD, Krishnan S, Kow CS, et al.
    Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries, 2022 Sep 30.
    PMID: 36196225 DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01131-x
    BACKGROUND: In Malaysia, although diabetes accounts for more than 70% of all deaths, it is unclear how it relates to BMI and diabetic complications. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obesity and diabetic complications among diabetic patients in Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study using an existing clinical registry was performed from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 at Hospital Serdang, Malaysia. Adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had their medical records examined for disease complications, as reported by the patient at first contact with the DMTAC pharmacist.

    RESULTS: The study comprised a total of 495 participants with an average HbA1c of 10.5%. About 91% (n = 451) of the 495 patients were obese/overweight. Around 37.8% (n = 187) of diabetic patients are between the ages of 50 and 59, and 59% (n = 292) have had diabetes for less than 10 years. A total of 8.5% (n = 42) and 9.7% (n = 48) consume alcohol and smoke, respectively. Around 29.9% (n = 148) had one other comorbidity (hypertension or dyslipidemia), and 63.4% (n = 314) had two comorbidities. Regarding the prevalence of complications, there were 18.9% (n = 94) who had myocardial infarction, 11.1% (n = 55) who had stroke, and 9% (n = 45) who had CKD. Age (adjusted OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07; p = 0.041) and hypertension (adjusted OR = 4.06; 95% CI 1.21 to 13.60; p = 0.023) were significantly related with the prevalence of complications in patients with diabetes.

    CONCLUSION: In our study, a BMI of more than 23 kg/m2 (obese/overweight) does not seem to be associated with the prevalence of complications. Age and hypertension, on the other hand, appear to be strong risk predictors of the incidence of complications. With the understanding of the recent outlook on diabetes, it is recommended that public education on the targeted population should be encouraged to negate these complications.

    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13410-022-01131-x.

  20. Phomopsidione nanoparticles coated contact lenses reduce microbial keratitis causing pathogens
    Bin Sahadan MY, Tong WY, Tan WN, Leong CR, Bin Misri MN, Chan M, et al.
    Exp Eye Res, 2019 01;178:10-14.
    PMID: 30243569 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.09.011
    Microbial keratitis is the infection caused by pathogenic microorganisms that commonly occurs among the contact lens users. Various antimicrobial compounds were coated on contact lenses to kill keratitis causing microorganisms, however these compounds caused several adverse side effects. Hence, the aim of this study is to develop a silicone hydrogel contact lens coated with phomopsidione nanoparticle that inhibit keratitis causing clinical isolates. Phomopsidione nanoparticles were synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol as encapsulant. The nanoparticles showed an average size of 77.45 nm, with neutral surface charge. Two drug release patterns were observed in the drug release profile, which are the initial slow release phase with extended drug release (release rate 46.65 μg/h), and the burst release phase observed on Day 2 (release rate 2224.49 μg/h). This well-regulated drug delivery system enables the control of drug release to meet the therapeutic requirements. On agar diffusion assay, 3 out of 5 test microorganisms were inhibited by phomopsidione nanoparticle coated contact lenses, including two Gram negative bacteria. Besides, all test microorganisms showed at least 99% of growth reduction, with the treatment of the contact lens model. The drug loaded onto the nanoparticles is sufficient to prevent the bacterial growth. In conclusion, this study provides an effective alternative to combat keratitis-causing microorganisms among contact wearers.
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