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Fulltext PH levels effect on functional properties of different molecular weight eel (Monopterus sp.) protein hydrolysate

Samsudin NA, Halim NRA, Sarbon NM

J Food Sci Technol, 2018 Nov;55(11):4608-4614.
PMID: 30333657 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3399-0

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pH levels on functional properties of various molecular weights of eel (Monopterus sp.) protein hydrolysate (EPH). The eel was enzymatically hydrolyzed and fractionated through membranes filter (10 kDa, 5 kDa and 3 kDa). The foaming capacity and stability, emulsifying capacity and stability index, water holding capacity and fat binding capacity between pH 2 and 10 were determined. The 5 kDa EPH was found to have the highest foaming capacity at pH 2, pH 4 and pH 6, and foaming stability and emulsifying activity index at all pH levels, except pH 8 and fat binding capacity at pH 2, as compared to 10 kDa and 3 kDa EPH fractions. The 10 kDa EPH had the highest emulsifying stability index and water holding capacity at all pH levels. This study shows that the EPH fractions at low pH level had high foaming and oil binding capacity, while at neutral pH, the fractions had high foaming stability and water holding capacity. These properties are important in making whipped cream, mousse and meringue. In contrast, EPH fractions demonstrated strong emulsifying properties at high pH levels and show potential as an emulsifier for breads, biscuits and frozen desserts.
Knowledge and attitude towards children's oral health: findings from a sample of first-time mothers in Malaysia

Wan Abdul Rahman WM, Saddki N, Mahmood Z, Hasan R, Samsudin NA

Med J Malaysia, 2024 Jan;79(1):1-8.
PMID: 38287750

INTRODUCTION: Women's important roles within families which include modelling appropriate oral health behaviours require them to have good knowledge and positive attitude in oral health. This study determined knowledge and attitude towards children's oral health among first-time mothers and factors associated with the attributes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 154 first-time mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy who attended two health clinics in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia for antenatal care participated in this cross-sectional study. A structured selfadministered questionnaire was used to measure the variables of interest.
RESULTS: Most mothers could correctly identify the aetiological factors of dental caries and strategies for preventing the disease in children. However, a substantial portion could not identify certain cariogenic and noncariogenic foods or drinks. Most pregnant women have appropriate attitudes towards children's oral health although some showed unfavourable attitude about care of primary teeth. Women who were older and had attended a talk on children's oral health were more likely to have higher mean knowledge score than their respective counterparts, and higher mean knowledge score was associated with higher mean attitude score.
CONCLUSION: Most first-time mothers in this study had correct knowledge and favourable attitude about children's oral health, although misunderstandings and misperceptions in several issues were also common. Significant association found between experience of attending oral health talk and oral health knowledge, and between oral health knowledge and attitude, substantiate the importance of an educational intervention program to optimise the mothers' roles in caries prevention in children.
Surgical Management of Huge Ranula Resembling Double Tongue in Pediatric Patients: A Successful Treatment of Two Cases

Fauzi FA, Abdullah MF, Samsudin NA, Md Yusoff B

Cureus, 2024 Apr;16(4):e57884.
PMID: 38725744 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57884

Ranula is a fluid collection in a pseudo cystic wall secondary to the damage of the sublingual salivary gland causing blockage of salivary flow, leading to the extravasation phenomena. The growth rate of ranula varies depending on its severity. Due to its tendency to recur, the gold standard management of ranula has yet to be decided. The authors described two cases of young girls with huge ranulas on the floor of the mouth (FOM) resembling double tongue, which caused pain and discomfort during mastication. Following surgical excision of the ranulas along with the affected sublingual glands, both cases demonstrated successful treatment outcomes with no recurrence observed during post-operative follow-up. These cases highlight the importance of surgical excision of ranulas and removal of affected sublingual glands to prevent recurrence.
Fulltext Association of Vital Pulp Therapy Outcomes with Tooth Type, Arch Location, Treatment Type, and Number of Surfaces Destroyed in Deciduous Teeth: A Retrospective Study

Maqbool M, Noorani TY, Samsudin NA, Awang Nawi MA, Rossi-Fedele G, Karobari MI, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 07 28;18(15).
PMID: 34360261 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157970

There is a paucity of information concerning vital pulp treatment outcomes in the undergraduate teaching setting. This study aimed to determine which type of deciduous molar, arch location, type of vital pulp therapy, and the number of carious surfaces involved had a better prognosis when carried out by undergraduate dental students. The method used was the review of clinical records of 590 patients with 600 deciduous molars, that visited the outpatient undergraduate dental clinics for vital pulp therapy. Statistical analysis used to determine the associations of tooth type, arch location, treatment type, and the number of carious surfaces involved in successful outcomes was logistic regression analysis with significance set at p < 0.05. According to the regression analysis model results, there was a significant association based on tooth type (p < 0.05) and arch location (p = 0.003). In addition, there was a significant association based on the type of treatment performed (p = 0.036). However, there was no significant association in success rates based on the number of carious surfaces involved (p = 0.873). In conclusion, second deciduous molars and maxillary deciduous molars had a better overall prognosis, and indirect pulp therapy was revealed to be more highly associated with successful treatment outcomes in comparison to ferric sulfate pulpotomy in our setting.
Fulltext Influence of Temperature Reaction for the CdSe-TiO2 Nanotube Thin Film Formation via Chemical Bath Deposition in Improving the Photoelectrochemical Activity

Lai CW, Samsudin NA, Low FW, Abd Samad NA, Lau KS, Chou PM, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2020 Jun 03;13(11).
PMID: 32503128 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112533

In this present work, we report the deposition of cadmium selenide (CdSe) particles on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube thin films, using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method at low deposition temperatures ranging from 20 to 60 °C. The deposition temperature had an influence on the overall CdSe-TiO2 nanotube thin film morphologies, chemical composition, phase transition, and optical properties, which, in turn, influenced the photoelectrochemical performance of the samples that were investigated. All samples showed the presence of CdSe particles in the TiO2 nanotube thin film lattice structures with the cubic phase CdSe compound. The amount of CdSe loading on the TiO2 nanotube thin films were increased and tended to form agglomerates as a function of deposition temperature. Interestingly, a significant enhancement in photocurrent density was observed for the CdSe-TiO2 nanotube thin films deposited at 20 °C with a photocurrent density of 1.70 mA cm-2, which was 17% higher than the bare TiO2 nanotube thin films. This sample showed a clear surface morphology without any clogged nanotubes, leading to better ion diffusion, and, thus, an enhanced photocurrent density. Despite having the least CdSe loading on the TiO2 nanotube thin films, the CdSe-TiO2 nanotube thin films deposited at 20 °C showed the highest photocurrent density, which confirmed that a small amount of CdSe is enough to enhance the photoelectrochemical performance of the sample.
Fulltext Whole-Genome Sequences of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Strains TT6675 and TT9097 Employed in the Isolation and Characterization of a Giant Phage Mutant Collection

Gan HM, Eng WWH, Barton MK, Adams LE, Samsudin NA, Bartl AJ, et al.

Genome Announc, 2017 Aug 24;5(34).
PMID: 28839032 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00857-17

We report here the genome sequences of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains TT6675 and TT9097, which we utilize for genetic analyses of giant bacterial viruses. Our analyses identified several genetic variations between the two strains, most significantly confirming strain TT6675 as a serine suppressor and TT9097 as a nonsuppressor.
Fulltext Capacitive performance of vertically aligned reduced titania nanotubes coated with Mn2O3 by reverse pulse electrodeposition

Samsudin NA, Zainal Z, Lim HN, Sulaiman Y, Chang SK, Lim YC, et al.

RSC Adv, 2018 Jun 21;8(41):23040-23047.
PMID: 35540159 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03513j

In this study, a composite material, manganese oxide/reduced titania nanotubes (Mn2O3/R-TNTs), was synthesized through incorporation of Mn2O3 onto R-TNTs via the reverse pulse electrodeposition technique. The influence of pulse reverse duty cycles on the morphological, structural and electrochemical performance of the surface was studied by varying the applied duty cycle from 10% to 90% for 5 min total on-time at an alternate potential of -0.90 V (E on) and 0.00 V (E off). FESEM analysis revealed the uniform deposition of Mn2O3 on the circumference of the nanotubes. The amount of Mn2O3 loaded onto the R-TNTs increased as a higher duty cycle was applied. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests were employed to elucidate the electrochemical properties of all the synthesized samples in 1 M KCl. The specific capacitance per unit area was greatly enhanced upon the incorporation of Mn2O3 onto R-TNTs, but showed a decrease as a high duty cycle was applied. This proved that low amounts of Mn2O3 loading enhanced the facilitation of the active ions for charge storage purposes. The optimized sample, Mn2O3/R-TNTs synthesized at 10% duty cycle, exhibited high specific capacitance of 18.32 mF cm-2 at a current density of 0.1 mA cm-2 obtained from constant current charge-discharge measurements. This revealed that the specific capacitance possessed by Mn2O3/R-TNTs synthesized at 10% duty cycle was 6 times higher than bare R-TNTs.
Fulltext Recovery of FTO coated glass substrate via environment-friendly facile recycling perovskite solar cells

Chowdhury MS, Rahman KS, Selvanathan V, Hasan AKM, Jamal MS, Samsudin NA, et al.

RSC Adv, 2021 Apr 15;11(24):14534-14541.
PMID: 35423997 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00338k

Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently emerged as a potential candidate for large-scale and low-cost photovoltaic devices. However, the technology is still susceptible to degradation issues and toxicity concerns due to the presence of lead (Pb). Therefore, investigation on ideal methods to deal with PSC wastes once the device attains its end-of-life is crucial and to recycle the components within the cell is the most cost effective and energy effective method by far. This paper reported on a layer-by-layer extraction approach to recycle the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate which is the most expensive component in the device architecture of mesoporous planar PSC. By adapting the sequential removal of each layer, chemical properties of individual components, including spiro-OMeTAD and gold can be preserved, enabling the material to be easily reused. It also ensured that the toxic Pb component could be isolated without contaminating other materials. The removal of all individual layers allows the retrieval of FTO conductive glass which can be used in various applications that are not only restricted to photovoltaics. Comparison of electrical, morphological and physical properties of recycled FTO glasses to commercial ones revealed minimal variations. This confirmed that the recycling approach was useful in retrieving the substrate without affecting its physicochemical properties.
Fulltext Influence of Sputtering Temperature of TiO2 Deposited onto Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheet as Efficient Photoanodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Low FW, Chin Hock G, Kashif M, Samsudin NA, Chau CF, Indah Utami AR, et al.

Molecules, 2020 Oct 21;25(20).
PMID: 33096759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204852

Renewable solar energy is the key target to reduce fossil fuel consumption, minimize global warming issues, and indirectly minimizes erratic weather patterns. Herein, the authors synthesized an ultrathin reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheet with ~47 nm via an improved Hummer's method. The TiO2 was deposited by RF sputtering onto an rGO nanosheet with a variation of temperature to enhance the photogenerated electron or charge carrier mobility transport for the photoanode component. The morphology, topologies, element composition, crystallinity as well as dye-sensitized solar cells' (DSSCs) performance were determined accordingly. Based on the results, FTIR spectra revealed presence of Ti-O-C bonds in every rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite samples at 800 cm-1. Besides, XRD revealed that a broad peak of anatase TiO2 was detected at ~25.4° after incorporation with the rGO. Furthermore, it was discovered that sputtering temperature of 120 °C created a desired power conversion energy (PCE) of 7.27% based on the J-V plot. Further increase of the sputtering temperature to 160 °C and 200 °C led to excessive TiO2 growth on the rGO nanosheet, thus resulting in undesirable charge recombination formed at the photoanode in the DSSC device.
Fulltext Exploring community behaviours and stakeholder challenges in engaging communities with dengue prevention behaviour in Malaysia: implementation research for a qualitative study with a community-based participatory research design

Samsudin NA, Karim N, Othman H, Naserrudin NA, Sahani M, Hod R, et al.

BMJ Open, 2024 Mar 12;14(3):e074222.
PMID: 38479731 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074222

OBJECTIVES: To use a community-based participatory research (CBPR) design to explore local community behaviours and stakeholders' challenges in engaging communities in dengue prevention behaviours in Hulu Langat, Selangor, Malaysia.
DESIGN: This CBPR design in implementation comprised in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Themes were identified from the data with inductive and deductive thematic analysis.
SETTING: FGDs were conducted in local community areas and IDIs were conducted in the local authority (LA) office and the Hulu Langat district health office.
PARTICIPANTS: All FGD and IDI participants consented to the study, and included health authorities (n=4), LAs (n=7), community leader (n=1), faith leader (n=1), patients diagnosed with dengue (IDIs, n=2) and permanent residents of Hulu Langat who had been exposed to dengue infectious disease (FGDs, n=27).
RESULTS: The main themes were categorised into community behaviour and stakeholder challenges. The community behaviour-related themes were awareness of dengue disease and Aedes mosquitoes, perception of risk and severity, and involvement of authorities. The themes related to stakeholder challenges were resource constraints and capacity issues, jurisdictional constraints and coordination, and educational dissemination and vandalism.
CONCLUSIONS: The actions of the authorities shape community and stakeholder behaviours. Effective communication, including clear and aesthetically pleasing messages, motivates individuals to take appropriate actions. It is crucial for the authorities to engage in inclusive communication and consider diverse perspectives, such as those of residents and individuals exposed to dengue infection. Authorities that provide accurate and unbiased information foster transparency and enable informed decision-making by all stakeholders.