METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental research with prepost test design with control group involving 81 participants per group from two health clinics in Sepang. The primary outcome was a change in the haemoglobin levels following educational intervention. Secondary outcomes include knowledge on anaemia, Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs, dietary iron intake and compliance towards iron supplementation. The intervention group received a HBMbased education intervention programme.
RESULTS: The response rate in the intervention and control group were 83.9% and 82.7% respectively. Generalised estimating equations analysis showed that the intervention was effective in improving the mean haemoglobin level (β=0.75, 95%CI=0.52, 0.99, p<0.001), the knowledge score (β=1.42, 95%CI=0.36, 2.49, p=0.009), perceived severity score (β=2.2, 95%CI= 1.02, 3.39, p<0.001) and increased proportion of high compliance level (AOR=4.59, 95%CI=1.58, 13.35, p=0.005).
CONCLUSION: HBM-based health education programme has proven to be effective in improving the haemoglobin levels, knowledge scores, perceived severity scores and compliance level of participants. The study results emphasized on the effectiveness of such an approach, therefore it is recommended that future educational interventions which aim at increasing preventive healthy behaviours in pregnant women may benefit from the application of this model in primary health care settings.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Klinik Kesihatan Seremban in Seremban district, Negeri Sembilan. Data were collected using the Malay version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-M) with a cut-off point of >5 as poor sleep quality. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to measure level of psychological distress. Data were collected between July 2022 until January 2023.
RESULTS: A total of 319 patients with T2DM participated. Their mean age was 63 (11) years, 58% were women and 42.9% were of Indian ethnicity. The mean total score of PSQI was 4.04 (2.21) and 23% of the participants had poor sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that poor sleep quality was significantly associated with Indian ethnicity (Adj. OR = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.05, 4.82; p = 0.037), separated or widowed (Adj. OR = 2.16; 95%CI = 1.15, 4.05; p = 0.016), having nocturia (Adj. OR = 2.13; 95%CI = 1.18, 3.84; p = 0.012) and depressive symptoms (Adj. OR = 3.41; 95%CI: 1.01, 11.48; p = 0.048).
CONCLUSION: Poor sleep quality was prevalent in almost a quarter of T2DM patients studied. Indian ethnicity, separated or widowed, having nocturia, and depressive symptoms were independently associated with poor sleep quality. Despite lower prevalence of poor sleep quality compared to other studies, identification of those at higher risk warrants further exploration in lifestyle management of patients with T2DM.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: The initial phase involved a review of previous interventions, validation from field experts, and the process of developing video. Then the module pilot was tested among 30 diploma students from a public university. They were given access to the newly developed videos posted on a private YouTube channel and asked to evaluate the videos quantitatively and qualitatively by using the acceptability of the intervention module (AIM), intervention appropriateness measure (IAM) and feasibility of the intervention measure (FIM). The minimum and maximum scores of each measure were 12 and 24 respectively whereby a higher score indicated greater acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility.
RESULTS: The intervention consisted of five sections addressing the constructs of PWM, namely attitude, perceived norm, prototype perception, as well as intention and willingness of sexting. The contents were then converted into five videos with a total duration of 23 minutes. Based on the pilot test, the scores of AIM, IAM and FIM were not normally distributed and their median and the interquartile range values were 20 (4), 21 (4) and 22 (4) respectively. Most of the respondents gave favourable opinions on the intervention besides providing some input for improvement.
CONCLUSION: This animated sexting intervention module based on PWM to reduce the intention and willingness was novel. The module was acceptable, appropriate and feasible to be implemented among undergraduate students. Further evaluation of this intervention module can be performed to provide more comprehensive evidence of its effectiveness.
Materials and Methods: A total of 149 and 150 patients were randomized to intervention and usual care (control) groups, respectively. A 12-month task-shifting (nurse-driven) HBFC intervention was administered to intervention group. The mid-term impact of intervention on HRQoL was assessed after 6 months intervention. Data were analyzed with intention-to-treat principle. Treatment effects were measured with the t-tests, analysis of covariance, and multivariate analysis of covariance analysis. Significant levels were set at P < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval.
Results: The between-group treatment effect was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), whereas the within-group treatment effects were statistically significant for both the intervention and control arms (P < 0.05) at 6 months. After controlling for age and baseline HRQoL, the intervention group had an improved physical component of HRQoL than the control group. The intervention group also had statistically significant improvement in blood pressure control, medication adherence, and symptom counts (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The HBFC intervention for hypertensive patients impacted positively on physical component of HRQoL after controlling for baseline HRQoL and age of the patients at 6 months post-intervention.