MyMedR

Fulltext A food bolus obstructing the oesophagus in a patient with infantile cerebral palsy

Vong, K.S., Mohamad, I., Salim, R.

Malaysian Family Physician, 2018;13(1):34-36.

MyJurnal

Introduction: A foreign body (FB) in the upper aerodigestive tract is a fairly common encounter.
Fish bones are the commonest FB seen in adults. The commonest presentation is odynophagia.
Usually, the patient will point at the level of FB on the neck to indicate the location.
Methods: Clinical report.
Results: This case report describes a large FB in an adult with underlying infantile cerebral palsy.
Besides dysphagia, it was associated with drooling of saliva and pain in the throat region.
Conclusion: FB ingestion with complete obstruction of the oesophagus is an emergency. It may
cause total dysphagia as the passage of food is completely blocked.

Fulltext Metallic hair pin aspiration into the left tertiary bronchus

Noh, K.B., Salim, R., Abdullah, M.S., Mohamad, I.

Malaysian Family Physician, 2018;13(2):36-38.

MyJurnal

Foreign body aspiration is commonly described in infants and children. However, recently, a new
high-risk group was identified among young women, especially those from the Muslim population
who wear the traditional hair scarf. This is due to the habit of holding the scarf pin in between the
lips to free hands to adjust the scarf more easily. Talking, laughing, or coughing while fixing the
scarf may result in inadvertent inhalation of the pin into the tracheobronchial tree. We present a
case of scarf pin inhalation and the challenges encountered in managing this patient during the
successful removal of the pin via flexible bronchoscopy under fluoroscopy guidance. This particular
case was technically challenging for us as the sharp tip of the needle was pointing upward and
piercing the bronchial mucosa.

Fulltext A boy with blue sclera and recurrent fractures

Md Shukri N, Mohamad I, Salim R

Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(1):52-3.

PMID: 26425297

Characteristics and diagnostic approach of vestibular migraine in children and adolescents: A systematic review

Saniasiaya J, Salim R

Auris Nasus Larynx, 2023 Apr;50(2):218-227.

PMID: 35843849 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2022.06.007

OBJECTIVE: Vestibular migraine (VM) is the most common cause of episodic vertigo afflicts 1% of the general population. The complexity of VM is owing to the migrainous, and vestibular components and much knowledge have been gained in recent years on VM in the adult population. Akin to that, numerous studies focusing on VM in children and adolescent has emerged. We reviewed the literature to understand the characteristics and diagnostic approach of VM in children and adolescents.

METHODS: A literature search was conducted over a period of one month (April 2022).

RESULTS: 16 articles were selected based on our objective and selection criteria. A total of patients was included, with a median age of 10.9 years. 11 studies diagnosed VM based on diagnostic criteria. Caloric test and electro/videonystagmography are the most favoured investigation used (50%). Imaging was performed in 56.2% of included studies.

CONCLUSION: Deciphering the ideal diagnostic approach for VM is prudent to ensure children and adolescents suffering from VM are treated earlier. VM can be diagnosed using the established diagnostic criteria, which requires thorough and meticulous history taking. The available oto-neurological examination aims to exclude other disorders as its significance in diagnosing VM is still debatable.

Fulltext Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A missed opportunity for treatment

Ali AH, Salahuddin Z, Salim R

Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(3):29-30.

PMID: 30800231 MyJurnal

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otology emergency and carries significant morbidity if the diagnosis is missed. It can present to any specialty but in our local setting the patient usually presents to primary care as it is easily accessible. We present a case of SSNHL that was initially presented to a primary care centre and the patient was reassured without any investigation being carried out. SSNHL has many causes thus making diagnosis difficult. However, with knowledge of its possible, a diagnosis can be made and appropriate management can be advocated to the patient. Hence, we discuss the three main causes of SSNHL, while emphasizing the immune system-mediated mechanism as the main cause in this case.

Fulltext A food bolus obstructing the oesophagus in a patient with infantile cerebral palsy

Vong KS, Mohamad I, Salim R

Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(1):34-36.

PMID: 29796208

Introduction: A foreign body (FB) in the upper aerodigestive tract is a fairly common encounter. Fish bones are the commonest FB seen in adults. The commonest presentation is odynophagia. Usually, the patient will point at the level of FB on the neck to indicate the location.

Methods: Clinical report.

Results: This case report describes a large FB in an adult with underlying infantile cerebral palsy. Besides dysphagia, it was associated with drooling of saliva and pain in the throat region.

Conclusion: FB ingestion with complete obstruction of the oesophagus is an emergency. It may cause total dysphagia as the passage of food is completely blocked.

The effect of Tualang honey in enhancing post tonsillectomy healing process. An open labelled prospective clinical trial

Mat Lazim N, Abdullah B, Salim R

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2013 Apr;77(4):457-61.

PMID: 23273638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.11.036

Tonsillectomy is a common operative procedure performed for tonsillar hypertrophy complicates with recurrent tonsillitis. Among the post tonsillectomy morbidities, post operative wound healing is of utmost importance to be effectively managed as it will interfere with patient recuperation from surgery. Tualang honey has been shown to accelerate wound healing in postoperative patients.

Fulltext The effectiveness of Tualang honey in reducing post-tonsillectomy pain

Abdullah B, Lazim NM, Salim R

Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg, 2015;25(3):137-43.

PMID: 26050853 DOI: 10.5606/kbbihtisas.2015.00008

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Tualang honey in reducing post-tonsillectomy pain.

Fulltext Metallic hair pin aspiration into the left tertiary bronchus

Noh KB, Salim R, Abdullah MS, Mohamad I

Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(2):36-38.

PMID: 30302183

Foreign body aspiration is commonly described in infants and children. However, recently, a new high-risk group was identified among young women, especially those from the Muslim population who wear the traditional hair scarf. This is due to the habit of holding the scarf pin in between the lips to free hands to adjust the scarf more easily. Talking, laughing, or coughing while fixing the scarf may result in inadvertent inhalation of the pin into the tracheobronchial tree. We present a case of scarf pin inhalation and the challenges encountered in managing this patient during the successful removal of the pin via flexible bronchoscopy under fluoroscopy guidance. This particular case was technically challenging for us as the sharp tip of the needle was pointing upward and piercing the bronchial mucosa.

The global prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Saniasiaya J, Islam MA, Salim R

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2023 Jan 30.

PMID: 36715738 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07842-z

BACKGROUND: Vestibular dysfunction has been extensively studied amongst the older population. Recently, conditions and management of vestibular dysfunction among children and adolescent has gained attention. Yet, a lack of awareness and expertise in managing children and adolescents with vestibular dysfunction has led to a delay in diagnosis as well as a trifling prevalence rate.

AIM: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in children and adolescents.

METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies published until 29 April 2022. We used a random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and Cochran's Q test. The robustness of the pooled estimates was checked by different subgroups and sensitivity analyses.

RESULTS: We identified 1811 studies, of which 39 studies (n = 323,663) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled prevalence of children and adolescents with VD was 30.4% [95% CI 28.5-32.3%]. The age of the participants ranged from 1 to 19 years. Participants of the included 39 studies were from 15 countries. Among the studies, 34 were cross-sectional, and five were case-control designed. There were discrepancies found in the studies with objective (higher prevalence) versus subjective (lower prevalence) evaluations.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of VD among children and adolescents was found to be 30.4% based on high-quality evidence. Due to the subjective assessment of most studies pooled in the analysis, the results should be interpreted cautiously until future comparative studies with objective assessments are carried out.

Bilateral Vestibular Atelectasis with Tullio's Phenomenon

Roy S, Kumarasamy G, Salim R

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2019 Nov;71(Suppl 2):1599-1602.

PMID: 31750223 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-019-01685-z

Vestibular dehiscence or atelectasis is a rarity known to cause vertigo. This pathology poses many challenges especially in diagnosis and treatment simply due to the scarcity of reported cases. The etiologic factors, disease pathophysiology and complications remain unclear. We report a young adult female who presented with unsteadiness for 2 years associated with headache. Tullio's phenomenon was observed which led to a finding of bilateral vestibular dehiscence involving the medial walls on high resolution computed tomography.

Fulltext The routine histopathological examination of tonsillectomy specimens at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia - a retrospective study and its implication

Mohamad I, Hassan S, Salim R

Malays J Med Sci, 2007 Jan;14(1):53-5.

PMID: 22593652

Tonsillectomy is performed for several indications, the two commonest in practice are infective (chronic tonsillitis) and obstructive symptoms such as sleep apnea. The objective of this study is to determine the necessity of routinely performed histopathological examination of fonsillectomy specimens. In this paper, a retrospective evaluation of 480 specimens from 241 patient who had undergone tonsillectomies in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia between January 2004 and October 2005 was done. It was found that 462 (96.25 %) were reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and 18 (3.75 %) were follicular hyperplasia. None of them were found to be malignant. The result of this study indicates that routine histopathological examination of tonsillectomy specimens are unnecessary and results only in added cost and a loss of man hours.

Fulltext Transnasal endoscopic repair for bilateral choanal atresia

Abdullah B, Hassan S, Salim R

Malays J Med Sci, 2006 Jul;13(2):61-3.

PMID: 22589606

Choana atresia is a congenital abnormality of the posterior nasal apertures affecting the newborn. The aetiology is considered to be a persistence of the embroyological bucconasal membrane which separates the nasal cavity from the stomatodeum until it breaks down at seventh week, allowing communication through the primitive posterior nares. Bilateral choanal atresia almost always present as a respiratory emergency because newborn babies are obligate nasal breathers. The definitive surgical treatment is repair under general anaesthesia. We report our experience in doing a new technique of transnasal endoscopic repair.

Fulltext The routine histopathological examination of tonsillectomy specimens at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia - retrospective study and its implication

Mohamad I, Hassan S, Salim R

Malays J Med Sci, 2007 Jul;14(2):19-21.

PMID: 22993487 MyJurnal

Tonsillectomy is performed for several indications, the two commonest in practice are infective ( chronic tonsillitis ) and obstructive symptoms such as sleep apnea. The objective of this study is to determine the necessity of routinely performed histopathological examination of specimens post-tonsillectomy. In this paper, a retrospective evaluation of 480 specimens from 241 patient who has undergone tonsillectomies in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia between January 2004 and October 2005 was done. It was found that 462 ( 96.25 % ) were reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and 18 ( 3.75 % ) were follicular hyperplasia. None of them were found malignant. The result of this study indicate that routine histopathological examination of tonsillectomy specimens are unnecessary and results only in added cost and a loss of man hours.

Well-being and needs of Malay carers of people with mental illness in Singapore

Poon AWC, Abdul Wahab N, Salim R, Ow R

Health Soc Care Community, 2021 01;29(1):164-174.

PMID: 32619086 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13079

Despite the importance of carers supporting the lives of people with mental illness, there are limited studies investigating the well-being and needs of Malay carers in multicultural Singapore. The Malays consist of 13.4% of Singapore's population. A mixed methods qualitative dominant research approach was used to explore the well-being and needs of Malay carers in a voluntary welfare organisation. The Kessler-10, Friendship Scale and Carers' and Users' Expectations of Services-Carer version were used to assess the needs and well-being of 17 Malay carers. Findings show that Malay carers experienced poor well-being and had numerous unmet needs. Four main themes were found: (a) Concerns related to relatives with mental illness, (b) Mental health practices related to carers, (c) Holistic support for carers and (d) Preference for greater spiritual support in mental health. Recovery-oriented mental health practice implications are discussed. Spirituality of Malay carers needs to be given greater consideration in recovery-oriented mental health services.

Human otoacariasis

Indudharan R, Ahamad M, Ho TM, Salim R, Htun YN

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1999 Mar;93(2):163-7.

PMID: 10474641

Accidental entry of insects and other arthropods is a common aetiology of aural foreign bodies (FB) presenting to accident and emergency departments. A retrospective study revealed that the FB in almost half (148) of 348 cases of aural FB investigated at the Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital was an arthropod. The most common arthropod encountered was the cockroach, followed by a cattle tick. The high prevalence of tick infestation of the human ear canal (i.e. human otoacariasis) currently appears to be unique to the Malaysian state of Kelantan. The presentation of patients with intra-aural ticks, the methods used to remove the ticks, the complications encountered, and recommendations for an appropriate course of action in such cases are discussed.

Unlocking sustainable supply chain performance through dynamic data analytics: a multiple mediation model of sustainable innovation and supply chain resilience

Piprani AZ, Khan SAR, Salim R, Khalilur Rahman M

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Aug;30(39):90615-90638.

PMID: 37460891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28507-8

This article provides a theoretical framework for comprehending the connections between dynamic data analytics capability (DDAC), innovation capabilities (IC), supply chain resilience (RES), and sustainable supply chain performance (SSCP). Since this is the first empirical investigation of the sequential mediation effect between DDAC and SSCP through IC and RES, it fills a critical need in the supply chain literature. A quantitative methodology was used, involving a survey questionnaire distributed to 259 large Pakistani manufacturing firms. We used PLS-SEM to test for the expected associations. Findings show that using DDAC has a beneficial effect on both innovative and resilient capabilities, which in turn leads to better SSCP. The research illuminates the sequential mediating roles of product, process, and resilience, underlining the need of combining data-driven innovation with resilience in order to achieve sustainable supply chain performance. These results provide useful guidance for businesses that want to boost their sustainability results by taking a more all-encompassing approach to data-driven innovation and resilience.

The Narrowband CE-Chirp Stimulus Does Not Necessarily Produce More Robust Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential

Zakaria MN, Salim R, Anual MSI, Patuzzi R

Ear Hear, 2024 Feb 22.

PMID: 38383959 DOI: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001497

OBJECTIVE: Various studies have been conducted to search for the most optimal stimulus for eliciting cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP). More recently, there is a growing interest to study the usefulness of chirp stimuli in cVEMP recording. Nevertheless, contradictory outcomes have been reported across the studies, and further research with larger samples would be beneficial to provide better insight into this matter. As such, the present study was carried out to compare cVEMP results between narrowband (NB) CE-Chirp (centered at 500 Hz) and 500 Hz tone burst stimuli.

DESIGN: In this study that employed a comparative study design, 98 normally hearing adults aged between 19 and 24 years were enrolled. All of them underwent the cVEMP testing based on the recommended test protocol. The stimuli were a 500 Hz tone burst and a NB CE-Chirp (360-720 Hz) presented through insert earphones at an intensity level of 120.5 dB peSPL.

RESULTS: For each stimulus, cVEMP results did not differ significantly between the ears (p > 0.05). Relative to the 500 Hz tone burst, the NB CE-Chirp stimulus produced statistically shorter P1 and N1 latencies (p < 0.001). On the other hand, P1-N1 amplitude was found to be comparable between the two stimuli (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The present study did not find any supporting evidence that the NB CE-Chirp stimulus (centered at 500 Hz) outperformed the conventional 500 Hz tone burst in the cVEMP testing. Both stimuli are considered equally appropriate to record cVEMP responses in clinical settings.

Cryptococcocis: a rare fungal infection of the tongue

Mohamad I, Abdullah B, Salim R, Rajet KA, Naik VR

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2010 Sep;41(5):1188-91.

PMID: 21073040

Fungal infection in the oral cavity is not uncommon. The site involved is usually species related. Cryptococcus rarely infects the oral cavity. We report an elderly patient who presented with a central lesion on the dorsum of the tongue. Biopsy revealed a fungal infection. Special stains confirmed cryptococcus. Being a rare location for cryptococcal infection, clinical suspicion should be correlated with histopathological examination. Once confirmed, the patient should be treated with an antifungal medication.

Fulltext Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Feature Selection, Classification Methods, and Data Grouping Based Age, Sex, and Race

Sheta A, Thaher T, Surani SR, Turabieh H, Braik M, Too J, et al.

Diagnostics (Basel), 2023 Jul 20;13(14).

PMID: 37510161 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142417

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder that affects approximately 3-7% of males and 2-5% of females. In the United States alone, 50-70 million adults suffer from various sleep disorders. OSA is characterized by recurrent episodes of breathing cessation during sleep, thereby leading to adverse effects such as daytime sleepiness, cognitive impairment, and reduced concentration. It also contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular conditions and adversely impacts patient overall quality of life. As a result, numerous researchers have focused on developing automated detection models to identify OSA and address these limitations effectively and accurately. This study explored the potential benefits of utilizing machine learning methods based on demographic information for diagnosing the OSA syndrome. We gathered a comprehensive dataset from the Torr Sleep Center in Corpus Christi, Texas, USA. The dataset comprises 31 features, including demographic characteristics such as race, age, sex, BMI, Epworth score, M. Friedman tongue position, snoring, and more. We devised a novel process encompassing pre-processing, data grouping, feature selection, and machine learning classification methods to achieve the research objectives. The classification methods employed in this study encompass decision tree (DT), naive Bayes (NB), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), logistic regression (LR), and subspace discriminant (Ensemble) classifiers. Through rigorous experimentation, the results indicated the superior performance of the optimized kNN and SVM classifiers for accurately classifying sleep apnea. Moreover, significant enhancements in model accuracy were observed when utilizing the selected demographic variables and employing data grouping techniques. For instance, the accuracy percentage demonstrated an approximate improvement of 4.5%, 5%, and 10% with the feature selection approach when applied to the grouped data of Caucasians, females, and individuals aged 50 or below, respectively. Furthermore, a comparison with prior studies confirmed that effective data grouping and proper feature selection yielded superior performance in OSA detection when combined with an appropriate classification method. Overall, the findings of this research highlight the importance of leveraging demographic information, employing proper feature selection techniques, and utilizing optimized classification models for accurate and efficient OSA diagnosis.

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