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Kesan Testosteron terhadap Larva Ascaris suum Pada Mencit(Effect of Testosteron on Ascaris suum Larva in Mice)

Rohani A. Ahmad, Badrul- Munir M. Z., Kamis A. B.

Sains Malaysiana, 1996;25.

The effect of testosteron on Ascaris suum worm load and larval growth were studied. The results revealed that the effect of testosterone on A. suum infection was dose dependent. Administration of 0.5 mg testosterone propionate (TP) for 18 days significantly increased the mice susceptibility to A. suum infection (66.2 Â± 11.15 larvae) (mean Â± S.E.) when compared to the control. Higher dosage of testosterone (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg TP) did not show any significant effect. The present experiment also showed that administration of testosterone (0.5 mg TP) for 7 days increased the host susceptibility (86.1 Â± 5.86 larvae) to A. suum infection compared to the control (14.6 Â± 1.71 larvae) (P < 0.001). Similar results were found when the hormone was administered for 14 and 28 days. On the contrary, when gonadectomised mice were given 0.5 mg TP, the level of susceptibility increased (P < 0.001). It is believed that testosterone indirectly influence the parasitic infection through its effect on the lymphoid organs.
Kesan testosteron terhadap bebanan dan pertumbuhan larva Ascaris suum telah dikaji. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengaruh testosteron terhadap infeksi A. suum adalah bergantung kepada takaran hormon yang diberikan. Didapati hanya takaran 0.5 mg testosteron propionat (TP) yang diberikan selama 18 hari meninggikan kerentanan mencit (66.2 Â± 11.15 larva) (min Â± S.E.) terhadap infeksi parasit jika dibandingkan dengan kawalan (38.0 Â± 7.13 larva) (P>0.05). Takaran testosteron yang lebih tinggi (1.0, 2.5 atau 5.0 mg TP) tidak menunjukkan kesan yang jelas. Hasil percubaan juga menunjukkan bahawa pemberian hormon (0.5 mg TP) selama 7 hari boleh meningkatkan kerentanan perumah (86.1 Â± 5.86 larva) terhadap infeksi A. Summ. Perbandingan dengan kawalan (14.6 Â± 1.71 larva) dan menunjukkan perbezaan yang nyata pada P < 0.001. Begitujuga dengan pemberian hormon selama 14 dan 28 hari. Sebaliknya gonadektomi telah mengurangkan kerentanan mencit terhadap infeksi A. suum. Walau bagaimanapun, kesan sebaliknya didapati apabila mencit yang gonadektomi itu diberi suntikan 0.5 mg TP (P < 0.001). Hormon testosteron dipercayai mempengaruhi corak infeksi parasit secara tidak langsung dengan mempengaruhi perkembangan organ-organ limfoid.
Fulltext Sexually transmitted infection S (including HIV infection) care management using the “modified syndromic approach” in Malaysia

Rohani A, Nasir AA

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2002;2(2):52-57.
MyJurnal

Four hundred and thirty five (435) cases 0f sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were notified from 20 (twenty) primary care clinics throughout Malaysia from June 1999 till September 2000 using the syndromic approach of STI management, adapted by the Ministry of Health based upon the criteria set by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Gonorrhoea was the most prevalent STI reported (30.34 %), followed by candidiasis (28.05%), syphilis (15.17%) and non-specific urethritis (NSU) — 14.02%) . As seen in most other parts of the world, the younger age groups (those between twenty and thirty nine years old) were found to be more commonly infected with STIs. Initial analysis shows that systematic data collection based on the syndromes and clear—case definitions (algorithms for the syndromic approach} need to be developed and added further to the current manual that is being developed for the health and medical staff at the operational it level. Exploration and expansion of behavioural surveillance research, management information systems of the syndromic approach, and development of new or additional strategies in the manual for the staff too, also need improvement. The Ministry of Health is also concerned about the quantity and quality of the available data based upon syndromic management of STI as compared to laboratory based criteria. Since this programme is very much client centered, the adoption of this approach generally might offer substantial improvements in the quality and effectiveness of STI care, either within the public or the private health care settings in Malaysia.
Late onset group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection in a neonate manifesting as a urinary tract infection: a rare clinical presentation

Zurina Z, Rohani A, Neela V, Norlijah O

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2012 Nov;43(6):1470-3.
PMID: 23413711

Group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GBS) sepsis is a serious bacterial infection in neonates, with significant morbidity and mortality. We report here a neonate with late onset GBS infection manifesting as a urinary tract infection (UTI) in an infant presenting with prolonged neonatal jaundice. The pathogenesis of this late onset is postulated.
Fulltext Does transovarial transmission of dengue virus occur in Malaysian Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus?

Lee HL, Mustafakamal I, Rohani A

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1997 Mar;28(1):230-2.
PMID: 9322311
Fulltext Ochrobactrum anthropi catheter-related bloodstream infection: the first case report in malaysia

Siti Rohani AH, Tzar MN

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):267-8.
PMID: 23749021 MyJurnal

A 60-year old Malay man presented with an intermittent lowgrade fever for 3 days and worsening of right ankle ulcers. He was known to have ischaemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension and end stage renal failure and was on regular haemodialysis. The organisms isolated from the peripheral and central blood specimens were identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi, a rarely encountered gramnegative bacillus with a unique antibiotic susceptibility profile. His condition improved after removal of the catheters and administration of antibiotic therapy. This case report highlights the importance of being wary of such rare, opportunistic pathogens and good communication between the microbiologists and the clinicians.
Fulltext Microalgae associated with Leptoconops breeding sites in selected sandy beaches of Malaysia

Rohani A, Khadri MS, Lee HL

Trop Biomed, 2006 Dec;23(2):164-71.
PMID: 17322818 MyJurnal

A study was carried out to investigate correlation between presence of specific microalgal species and Leptoconops biting midge larvae in its breeding habitats. Sand samples containing microalgae were collected from the beach where the midges were most commonly biting and from sand beaches which are potential as breeding habitats of Leptoconops. The survey covered sand beaches from 12 seperate islands. At all sites, the Bacillariophyta constituted the largest representatives of the microalgae community with the majority from the Naviculaceae family. A total of 24 microalgal species were identified from the sand samples collected from the study sites. Sand samples from Kentot Kecil Island had the highest number of algal species (11.0) and the highest algae species diversity ( Shanon-Weiner Diversity Index, H' = 0.884). Besar Island (Johor) had the lowest number of algal species (2.0) whereas Tengol A Island had the lowest algae species diversity (H'=0.234). Highest similarity index was recorded between sand samples collected from Tengol A Island and Tengol B Island (75.0%) followed by Besar Island (Melaka) and Tengol B Island (62.0 %). The variation between other islands were relatively high. Virtually many kinds of algae were found where Leptoconops were breeding but Fragilaria intermedia, Mastigloia minuta and Navicula advena were particularly common.
Fulltext Rapid detection of chikungunya virus in laboratory infected Aedes aegypti by Reverse-Transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)

Rohani A, Yulfi H, Zamree I, Lee HL

Trop Biomed, 2005 Dec;22(2):149-54.
PMID: 16883281 MyJurnal

A study of chikungunya virus was carried out to establish Reverse Transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) as a rapid detection technique of the virus. The susceptibility of lab-colonized Aedes aegypti to chikungunya virus was also determined. Artificial membrane feeding technique was used to orally feed the mosquitoes with a human isolate of chikungunya virus. A total of 100 fully engorged female Ae. aegypti were obtained and maintained for 7 days. Seventy of them survived and then pooled at 10 individuals per pool. Total RNA was extracted from the samples and RT-PCR amplifications were carried out. Five out of 7 pools showed positive PCR band at 350-bp, indicating Ae. aegypti is a potential vector of chikungunya virus. The minimum infection rate (MIR) was 71% within these laboratory colonies. RT-PCR is a sensitive technique that is useful in detecting infected mosquitoes in epidemic areas. This technique can de used as a rapid detection method and provide an early virologic surveillance systems of chikungunya virus infected mosquitoes.
Fulltext Detection of sensorineural hearing loss using automated auditory brainstem-evoked response and transient-evoked otoacoustic emission in term neonates with severe hyperbilirubinaemia

Boo NY, Rohani AJ, Asma A

Singapore Med J, 2008 Mar;49(3):209-14.
PMID: 18363002

This study was designed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of detecting sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) using the transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAE) machine (the Madsen TE Echoscreen) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) machine (the Sabre Compac portable AABR) in term neonates exposed to severe hyperbilirubinaemia.
Effects of ribavirin and hydroxyurea on oral infection of Aedes aegypti (L.) with dengue virus

Lee HL, Phong TV, Rohani A

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2012 Nov;43(6):1358-64.
PMID: 23413698

This study was conducted to determine the inhibitory effects of ribavirin and hydroxyurea on dengue virus replication in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were infected with dengue-2 virus and fed ribavirin at a dose of 0.3 mg/ml and/or hydroxyurea at a dose of 6 mg/ml via artificial membrane feeding technique. The virus in infected mosquitoes was isolated using C6/36 cell culture. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining was used to detect dengue-infected C6/36 cells and to quantify the level of infection by determining the presence of infected cells. In mosquitoes treated with ribavirin alone, hydroxyurea alone or both drugs in combination had reductions in dengue infection rates of 87.72, 89.47 and 95.61%, respectively. The mortalities of female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes fed with these drugs were significantly higher than the control. Ribavirin also had an inhibitory effect on the fecundity of female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes.
Fulltext Refractoriness of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) to dual infection with dengue and chikungunya virus

Rohani A, Potiwat R, Zamree I, Lee HL

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2009 May;40(3):443-8.
PMID: 19842428

In this study, artificial membrane feeding technique was used to orally feed Aedes aegypti with dengue and chikungunya viruses. Virus detection was carried out by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The study did not detect dual infection of Ae. aegypti with dengue and chikungunya virus from the same pool or from individual mosquitoes. Oral receptivity of Ae. aegypti to chikungunya virus was higher than that of dengue virus.
Persistency of transovarial dengue virus in Aedes aegypti (Linn.)

Rohani A, Zamree I, Joseph RT, Lee HL

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2008 Sep;39(5):813-6.
PMID: 19058573

A study was conducted to examine the persistency of transovarial dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2) in a Selangor strain of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Two hundred 4-5 day old female mosquitoes were fed with blood containing dengue virus. The infected mosquitoes were reared to the 7th generation; each generation was screened for the virus using immunological staining methods. The virus was detectable until the 5th generation but absent in the 6th and the 7th generations. Therefore, dengue virus type 2 can be transmitted transovarially in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes until the fifth generation under laboratory conditions.
Detection of giardine gene in local isolates of Giardia duodenalis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Latifah I, Teoh KY, Wan KL, Rahmah M, Normaznah Y, Rohani A

Malays J Pathol, 2005 Dec;27(2):83-9.
PMID: 17191390

Giardia duodenalis is an intestinal parasite that causes diarrhoea and malabsorption in children. The parasite also infects AIDS patients with a weak immune system. A study was carried out on six local isolates of Giardia duodenalis (110, 7304, 6304, M007, 2002 and 6307) from faeces of Orang Asli patients admitted to the Gombak Hospital. WB, a reference pathogenic strain from human and G. muris from a wild mouse, were commercially obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). All the isolates were cultured axenically in TYI-S-33 medium. Two sets of primers were used for the techniques: primers LP1 and RP1 and primers LP2 and RP2. The sets of primers amplified giardine gene of 171 bp and 218 bp in sizes respectively. The study showed that the two sets of primers could detect G. duodenalis to the genus and species level specifically.
Fulltext Association of Iron Deficiency with or without Anaemia and Cognitive Functions among Primary School Children in Malaysia

Hamid Jan JM, Amal KM, Rohani A, Norimah AK

Malays J Nutr, 2010 Aug;16(2):261-70.
PMID: 22691931 MyJurnal

Iron deficiency and anaemia affect millions of children worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effect of iron deficiency with or without anaemia on cognitive functions, specifically with short-term memory, attention and visual motor coordination in children. A total of 173 primary school children was enrolled. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Three sub-tests were selected to assess processing speed (coding test), immediate auditory memory (digit span test) and visual processing and problem solving ability (maze test). The results showed significant correlation between age and coding test (r =0.38, p< 0.001), digit span test (r =0.16, p = 0.028), and maze test scores (r =0.28, p< 0.001), and the total sub-test scores (r=0.43, p < .001). After age adjustment of the cognitive function tests, iron deficient children without anaemia scored significantly lower than the healthy children (p< 0.001) on coding test, while iron deficient children with anaemia and iron deficient children without anaemia scored significantly lower (p< 0.001) than the healthy counterparts on maze test. No significant differences were observed on digit-span score among the groups. This study confirms the negative effect of both iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia on processing speed and visual motor coordination in children.
Fulltext Current insecticide susceptibility status of Malaysian Anopheles maculatus Theobald to malathion, permethrin, DDT and deltamethrin

Rohani A, Aziz I, Zurainee MN, Rohana SH, Zamree I, Lee HL

Trop Biomed, 2014 Mar;31(1):159-65.
PMID: 24862056 MyJurnal

Chemical insecticides are still considered as important control agents for malaria vector control. However, prolonged use of these chemicals may select mosquito vectors for resistance. In this study, susceptibility status of adult Anopheles maculatus collected from 9 localities in peninsular Malaysia, viz., Jeli, Temerloh, Pos Banun, Senderut, Jeram Kedah, Segamat, Kota Tinggi, Kluang and Pos Lenjang were determined using the standard WHO bioassay method in which the adult mosquitoes were exposed to standard insecticide impregnated papers malathion, permethrin, DDT and deltamethrin--at pre-determined diagnostic dosage. Deltamethrin was most effective insecticide among the four insecticides tested, with the LT50 of 29.53 min, compared to malathion (31.67 min), DDT (47.76 min) and permethrin (48.01 min). The effect of all insecticides on the laboratory strain was greater (with all insecticides demonstrated LT50 < 1 hour) than the field strains (deltamethrin 32.7, malathion 53.0, permethrin 62.0, DDT 67.4 min). An. maculatus exhibited low degree of resistance to all test insecticides, indicating that these chemical insecticides are still effective in the control of malaria vector.
Fulltext Species composition of mosquito fauna in Ranau, Sabah, Malaysia

Rohani A, Chan ST, Abdullah AG, Tanrang H, Lee HL

Trop Biomed, 2008 Dec;25(3):232-6.
PMID: 19287362

The adult population and species composition of mosquitoes collected in Ranau, Sabah are described. A total of 5956 mosquitoes representing 8 genera and 41 species were collected using human landing catch, indoor and outdoor. Anopheles maculatus was the most common species (15.6%) followed by Culex quinquefasciatus (12.8%), Culex pseudovishnui (12.1%), Anopheles balabacensis (11.1%), Culex vishnui (9.7%), Aedes vexans (9.6%), Culex tritaeniorhyncus (6.6%), Anopheles donaldi (5.6%) and others in very small percentage.
Fulltext Temperature related storage evaluation of an RT-PCR test kit for the detection of dengue infection in mosquitoes

Ooi CP, Rohani A, Zamree I, Lee HL

Trop Biomed, 2005 Jun;22(1):73-6.
PMID: 16880757

The rapid detection of dengue infection in mosquito vectors is important for early warning to forestall an outbreak. Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) provides a rapid method for dengue detection in man and mosquitoes. An RT-PCR kit developed by the Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research to detect dengue infection in mosquitoes, was tested for its shelf life at 3 storage temperatures: room temperature, refrigerator and freezer. Test kits were tested once every 3 days for kits stored at room temperature, and once every week for those stored at refrigerator and freezer temperatures. The results showed that the test kit could only be stored above its recommended storage temperature of -20 degrees C for not more than 3 days. DNA 100 bp markers in the kits appeared to be stable at the tested temperatures and were usable up to the 20th day when stored at 2 degrees C and below.
Fulltext Effectiveness of several locally available membranes used for artificial feeding of Aedes albopictus Skuse

Ooi CP, Rohani A, Zamree I, Chua WS

Trop Biomed, 2005 Jun;22(1):69-71.
PMID: 16880756 MyJurnal

Artificial feeding of mosquitoes with blood meal is an important technique in the studies of mosquito feeding. Owing to the difficulty in obtaining suitable artificial membranes for mosquito feeding from other sources, several easily obtainable membranes in Malaysia were tested for their suitability as a replacement. Skin of chicken, fish, and salted sausage were obtained and tested against cattle skin membrane as a control. The results showed that cattle skin is still the most favorable membrane to be used, with full engorgement rate of around 57% using fresh human blood. However, processed chicken skin was shown having potential for further testing since with feeding using human blood kept overnight at 4 degrees C, an engorgement rate of 50% was obtained.
First Complete Genome Sequence of a Chikungunya Virus Strain Isolated from a Patient Diagnosed with Dengue Virus Infection in Malaysia

Ooi MK, Gan HM, Rohani A, Syed Hassan S

Genome Announc, 2016;4(4).
PMID: 27563048 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00876-16

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a chikungunya virus coinfection strain isolated from a dengue virus serotype 2-infected patient in Malaysia. This coinfection strain was determined to be of the Asian genotype and contains a novel insertion in the nsP3 gene.
Dietary patterns and cognitive ability among 12- to 13 year-old adolescents in Selangor, Malaysia

Nurliyana AR, Mohd Nasir MT, Zalilah MS, Rohani A

Public Health Nutr, 2015 Feb;18(2):303-12.
PMID: 24507623 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980014000068

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to identify dietary patterns and determine the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive ability among 12- to 13 year-old Malay adolescents in the urban areas of Gombak district in Selangor, Malaysia.
DESIGN: Data on sociodemographic background were obtained from parents. Height and weight were measured and BMI-for-age was determined. Adolescents were interviewed on their habitual dietary intakes using a semi-quantitative FFQ. Cognitive ability was assessed using the Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability in a one-to-one manner. Dietary patterns were constructed using principal component analysis based on thirty-eight food groups of the semi-quantitative FFQ.
SETTING: Urban secondary public schools in the district of Gombak in Selangor, Malaysia.
SUBJECTS: Malay adolescents aged 12 to 13 years (n 416).
RESULTS: The mean general cognitive ability score was 101·8 (sd 12·4). Four major dietary patterns were identified and labelled as 'refined-grain pattern', 'snack-food pattern', 'plant-based food pattern' and 'high-energy food pattern'. These dietary patterns explained 39·1 % of the variance in the habitual dietary intakes of the adolescents. The refined-grain pattern was negatively associated with processing speed, which is a construct of general cognitive ability. The high-energy food pattern was negatively associated with general cognitive ability, perceptual reasoning and processing speed. Monthly household income and parents' educational attainment were positively associated with all of the cognitive measures. In multivariate analysis, only the high-energy food pattern was found to contribute significantly towards general cognitive ability after controlling for socio-economic status.
CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of foods in the high-energy food pattern contributed towards general cognitive ability after controlling for socio-economic status. However, the contribution was small.
Fulltext Microdroplet application of mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis using ultra-low-volume generator for the control of mosquitos

Seleena P, Lee HL, Nazni WA, Rohani A, Kadri MS

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1996 Sep;27(3):628-32.
PMID: 9185282

In an effort to develop a more effective technique in dispersing a microbial control agent, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a truck-mounted ultra low volume (ULV) generator (Scorpion) was used to disperse B. thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and Bti with malathion. Complete larval and adult mortalities for all tested mosquito species within the first 70-80 feet from the ULV generator were achieved. Beyond that distance less than 50% mortality was achieved as insufficient sprayed particles reached the area. A minimum of 10(3) Bti colony forming units per ml is required to cause 100% larval mortality. The sprayed Bti larvicidal toxins were persistent in the test water 7 days post ULV. The effectiveness of B. thuringiensis jegathesan (Btj), a new mosquitocidal Bt serotype was also evaluated. Similar mortality results as Bti were achieved except that the Btj toxins underwent degradation in the test water, since less than 50% less in larval mortality was observed in 7 days post ULV samples. This ULV method has the potential to disperse Bt and malathion effectively for a simultaneous control of mosquito adults and larvae.

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