In the organic mol-ecule of the title hydrate, C11H15N3OS·H2O, {systematic name: 3-ethyl-1-{(E)-[1-(2-hy-droxy-phen-yl)ethyl-idene]amino}-thio-urea monohydrate}, a dihedral angle of 5.39 (2)° is formed between the hy-droxy-benzene ring and the non-H atoms comprising the side chain (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0625 Å), with the major deviation from planarity noted for the terminal ethyl group [the C-N-C-C torsion angle = -172.17 (13)°]. The N-H H atoms are syn and an intra-molecular hy-droxy-imine O-H⋯N hydrogen bond is noted. In the crystal, the N-bonded H atoms form hydrogen bonds to symmetry-related water mol-ecules, and the latter form donor inter-actions with the hy-droxy O atom and with a hy-droxy-benzene ring, forming a O-H⋯π inter-action. The hydrogen bonding leads to supra-molecular tubes aligned along the b axis. The tubes are connected into layers via C-H⋯O inter-actions, and these stack along the c axis with no directional inter-actions between them.
In the title salt of an S-substituted di-thio-carbazate, C16H16N3S2 (+)·Cl(-), the dihedral angles between the almost planar (r.m.s deviation = 0.005 Å) central CN2S2 residue and the terminal pyridinium and phenyl rings are 80.09 (11) and 3.82 (11)°, respectively, indicating the cation has an L-shape; the amine H and thione S atoms are syn. The conformation about each of the imine [1.376 (3) Å] and ethene [1.333 (4) Å] bonds is E. The shortened C-C bond [1.444 (4) Å] linking the double bonds is consistent with conjugation in this part of the mol-ecule. In the crystal, supra-molecular layers with a jagged topology are formed by charged-assisted amine-H⋯Cl(-) and pyridinium-N(+)-H⋯Cl(-) hydrogen bonds. The layers stack along the a axis with no specific directional inter-actions between them.
The title compound, [Zn(C(15)H(14)N(3)S(2))(2)], contains two chemically equivalent Schiff base anions that are coordinated to the Zn(II) ion as tridentate N,N',S-chelating ligands, creating a distorted octa-hedral environment [the smallest angle being 75.40 (6)° and the widest angle being 162.87 (6)°], with the two S atoms in cis positions. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two coordinating ligands is 85.65 (5)°. Weak C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds are also observed.
In the title compound, [Zn(C(20)H(16)N(3)S(2))(2)]·CH(3)CN, two different Schiff base moieties coordinate to the central Zn(II) ion as tridentate N,N',S-chelating ligands, creating a distorted octa-hedral environment [the smallest angle being 73.24 (6)° and the widest angle being 155.73 (7)°], with the two S atoms in cis positions. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two coordinating ligands is 83.65 (5)°. The crystal packing is consolidated by weak C-H⋯N hydrogen-bonding inter-actions.
The structure of the title compound, [Ni(C(15)H(14)N(3)S(2))(2)]·H(2)O, has one mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit, along with a solvent water mol-ecule. The two different Schiff base moieties coordinate to the central Ni(II) ion as tridentate N,N',S-chelating ligands, creating a six-coordinate distorted octa-hedral environment [the smallest angle being 77.43 (7)° and the widest angle being 169.99 (7)°]. The mean planes of the two ligands are nearly orthogonal to each other with an angle of 89.53 (6)°. The packing of the complex is supported by O-H⋯N and O-H⋯S hydrogen bonding between the solvent water mol-ecule and the uncoordinated N and S atoms of neighbouring ligands.
The title compound C(8)H(15)N(3)S has two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit in which cis-trans isomerism is exhibited around the N(NH)C=S bonds. The cyclo-hexyl rings in both mol-ecules adopt a chair conformation. In the crystal, N-H⋯S hydrogen bonding produces dimers, which are inter-connected through further N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the b-axis direction.
In the title salt, C14H17N2(+)·Cl(-), the central N atom is pyramidal (sum of bond angles = 330.9°) and there is a near orthogonal relationship between the benzene rings [dihedral angle = 89.95 (10)°]. The crystal packing features N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, which lead to a supra-molecular undulating ribbon along the a axis comprising edge-shared eight-membered {⋯HNH⋯Cl}2 synthons. The chains are connected into layers in the ab plane by C-H⋯π inter-actions.
In the title compound, C(16)H(15)N(3)S(2), the central C(2)N(2)S(2) residue is planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.045 Å) and the pyridyl and benzene rings are inclined and approximately coplanar to this plane, respectively [dihedral angles = 72.85 (9) and 10.73 (9)°], so that, overall, the mol-ecule adopts an L-shape. The conformation about each of the N=C [1.290 (3) Å] and C=C [1.340 (3) Å] bonds is E. Supra-molecular chains along [1-10] are stabilized by N-H⋯N(pyridine) hydrogen bonding and these are connected into a double layer that stacks along the c-axis direction by C-H⋯π(pyridine) inter-actions.
In the title compound, C15H16N2S3 {systematic name: [({[(4-methyl-phen-yl)meth-yl]sulfan-yl}methane-thio-yl)amino][1-(thio-phen-2-yl)ethyl-idene]amine}, the central CN2S2 residue is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0061 Å) and forms dihedral angles of 7.39 (10) and 64.91 (5)° with the thienyl and p-tolyl rings, respectively; the dihedral angle between these rings is 57.52 (6)°. The non-thione S atoms are syn, and with respect to the thione S atom, the benzyl group is anti. In the crystal, centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules self-associate via eight-membered {⋯HNCS}2 synthons. The dimeric aggregates stack along the a axis and are are consolidated into a three-dimensional architecture via methyl-C-H⋯π(benzene) and benzene-C-H⋯π(thien-yl) inter-actions.
In the title di-thio-carbazate compound, C17H19N3S2, the central CN2S2 residue is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0288 Å) and forms dihedral angles of 9.77 (8) and 77.47 (7)° with the substituted-pyridyl and p-tolyl rings, respectively, indicating a highly twisted mol-ecule; the dihedral angle between the rings is 85.56 (8)°. The configuration about the C=N bond is Z, which allows for the formation of an intra-molecular N-H⋯N(pyrid-yl) hydrogen bond. The packing features tolyl-methyl-C-H⋯N(imine), pyridyl-C-H⋯π(tol-yl) and π-π inter-actions [between pyridyl rings with a distance = 3.7946 (13) Å], which generates jagged supra-molecular layers that stack along the b axis with no directional inter-actions between them.
In the title thio-semicarbazone compound, C18H18ClN3S, the CN3S residue is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0031 Å) and forms dihedral angles of 65.99 (7) and 34.60 (10)° with the phenyl and chloro-benzene rings, respectively; the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 85.13 (8)°. The conformation about the C=N bond is Z, and that about the C=C bonds is E. The imine N and ethyl N atoms are syn and are linked by an eth-yl-imine N-H⋯N hydrogen bond. This H atom also forms an inter-molecular hydrogen bond to the thione S atom, resulting in a supra-molecular helical chain propagating along the b axis. The chains are consolidated into a three-dimensional architecture by phenyl-C-H⋯Cl contacts and weak π-π inter-actions between centrosymmetrically related chloro-benzene rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.9127 (15) Å].
In the title compound, C15H16N2S2, the central CN2S2 residue is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0354 Å) and forms dihedral angles of 56.02 (4) and 75.52 (4)° with the phenyl and tolyl rings, respectively; the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 81.72 (5)°. The conformation about the N-N bond is gauche [C-N-N-C = -117.48 (15)°]. Overall, the mol-ecule has the shape of the letter L. In the crystal packing, supra-molecular chains along the a axis are formed by N-H⋯S(thione) hydrogen bonds whereby the thione S atom accepts two such bonds. The hydrogen bonding leads to alternating edge-shared eight-membered {⋯HNCS}2 and 10-membered {⋯HNNH⋯S}2 synthons. The chains are connected into layers by phen-yl-tolyl C-H⋯π inter-actions; the layers stack along the c axis with no specific inter-actions between them.
In the title hydrate, C9H12N4S·H2O (systematic name: 3-methyl-1-{(E)-[(3-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)methyl-idene]amino}-thio-urea monohydrate), a small twist is noted between the pyridine ring and the rest of the organic mol-ecule [dihedral angle = 6.96 (5)°]. The imine and pyridine N atoms are syn, and the amine H atoms are anti. The latter arrangement allows for the formation of an intra-molecular N-H⋯N(imine) hydrogen bond. Both the N-bonded H atoms form hydrogen bonds to symmetry-related water mol-ecules, and the latter forms O-H hydrogen bonds with the pyridine N and thione S atoms. These inter-actions lead to supra-molecular layers that stack along the a-axis direction with no specific inter-actions between them.
In the title compound, C25H26N2O2S2, the central CN2S2 atoms are almost coplanar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0058 Å). One phenyl ring clearly lies to one side of the central plane, while the other is oriented in the plane but splayed. Despite the different relative orientations, the phenyl rings form similar dihedral angles of 64.90 (3) and 70.06 (3)° with the central plane, and 63.28 (4)° with each other. The benzene ring is twisted with respect to the central plane, forming a dihedral angle of 13.17 (7)°. The S2C=N, N-N and N-N=C bond lengths of 1.2919 (19), 1.4037 (17) and 1.2892 (19) Å, respectively, suggest limited conjugation over these atoms; the configuration about the N-N=C bond is E. An intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond is noted. In the crystal, phen-yl-meth-oxy C-H⋯O and phen-yl-phenyl C-H⋯π inter-actions lead to supra-molecular double chains parallel to the b axis. These are connected into a layer via meth-yl-phenyl C-H⋯π inter-actions, and layers stack along the a axis, being connected by weak π-π inter-actions between phenyl rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.9915 (9) Å] so that a three-dimensional architecture ensues.
The title di-thio-carbazate ester, C16H16N2O2S2, comprises two almost planar residues, i.e. the phenyl ring and the remaining 14 non-H atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0410 Å). These are orientated perpendicularly, forming a dihedral angle of 82.72 (5)°. An intra-molecular hy-droxy-O-H⋯N(imine) hydrogen bond, leading to an S(6) loop, is noted. An analysis of the geometric parameters is consistent with the mol-ecule existing as the thione tautomer, and the conformation about the C=N bond is E. The thione S and imine H atoms lie to the same side of the mol-ecule, facilitating the formation of inter-molecular N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds leading to eight-membered {⋯HNCS}2 synthons in the crystal. These aggregates are connected by phenyl-C-H⋯O(hy-droxy) inter-actions into a supra-molecular layer in the bc plane; these stack with no directional inter-actions between them. An analysis of the Hirshfeld surface confirms the nature of the inter-molecular inter-actions.
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ni(C(15)H(14)N(3)S(2))(2)], consists of two independent mol-ecules with similar configurations. Each Ni(2+) cation is coordinated in a cis-mode by two tridentate N,N',S-chelating Schiff base ligands, creating a distorted octa-hedron [the smallest angle being 77.57 (7)° and the widest being 168.97 (7)° for one mol-ecule, and 78.04 (7) and 167.55 (7)° for the second mol-ecule]. The dihedral angle between the mean coordination planes of the two ligands is 86.76 (7)° for one and 89.99 (7)° for the second mol-ecule. π-π inter-actions between neighbouring pyridine rings with plane-to-plane distances of 3.540 (1) and 3.704 (1) Å are observed.
The complete mol-ecule of the title hydrazine carbodi-thio-ate complex, [Ni(C19H21N2S2)2], is generated by the application of a centre of inversion. The NiII atom is N,S-chelated by two hydrazinecarbodi-thio-ate ligands, which provide a trans-N2S2 donor set that defines a distorted square-planar geometry. The conformation of the five-membered chelate ring is an envelope with the NiII atom being the flap atom. In the crystal, p-tolyl-C-H⋯π(benzene- i Pr), i Pr-C-H⋯π(p-tol-yl) and π-π inter-actions [between p-tolyl rings with inter-centroid distance = 3.8051 (12) Å] help to consolidate the three-dimensional architecture. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surface confirms the importance of H-atom contacts in establishing the packing.
Two bidentate NS ligands were synthesized by the condensation reaction of S-2-methylbenzyldithiocarbazate (S2MBDTC) with 2-methoxybenzaldehyde (2MB) and 3-methoxybenzaldehyde (3MB). The ligands were reacted separately with acetates of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) yielding 1:2 (metal:ligand) complexes. The metal complexes formed were expected to have a general formula of [M(NS)2] where M = Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and various spectroscopic techniques. The magnetic susceptibility measurements and spectral results supported the predicted coordination geometry in which the Schiff bases behaved as bidentate NS donor ligands coordinating via the azomethine nitrogen and thiolate sulfur. The molecular structures of the isomeric S2M2MBH (1) and S2M3MBH (2) were established by X-ray crystallography to have very similar l-shaped structures. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes were evaluated for their biological activities against estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) and estrogen receptor-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. Only the Cu(II) complexes showed marked cytotoxicity against the cancer cell lines. Both Schiff bases and other metal complexes were found to be inactive. In concordance with the cytotoxicity studies, the DNA binding studies indicated that Cu(II) complexes have a strong DNA binding affinity.
Copper (II) complexes synthesized from the products of condensation of S-methyl- and S-benzyldithiocarbazate with 2,5-hexanedione (SMHDH2 and SBHDH2 respectively) have been characterized using various physicochemical (elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility) and spectroscopic (infrared, electronic) methods. The structures of SMHDH2, its copper (II) complex, CuSMHD, and the related CuSBHD complex as well as a pyrrole byproduct, SBPY, have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In order to provide more insight into the behaviour of the complexes in solution, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electrochemical experiments were performed. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated. The compounds, dissolved in 0.5% and 5% DMSO, showed a wide range of antibacterial activity against 10 strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Investigations of the effects of efflux pumps and membrane penetration on antibacterial activity are reported herein. Antiproliferation activity was observed to be enhanced by complexation with copper. Preliminary screening showed Cu complexes are strongly active against human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7.