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Mapping flood by the object-based method using backscattering coefficient and interference coherence of Sentinel-1 time series

Zhang X, Chan NW, Pan B, Ge X, Yang H

Sci Total Environ, 2021 Nov 10;794:148388.
PMID: 34217078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148388

The SAR has the ability of all-weather and all-time data acquisition, it can penetrate the cloud and is not affected by extreme weather conditions, and the acquired images have better contrast and rich texture information. This paper aims to investigate the use of an object-oriented classification approach for flood information monitoring in floodplains using backscattering coefficients and interferometric coherence of Sentinel-1 data under time series. Firstly, the backscattering characteristics and interference coherence variation characteristics of SAR time series are used to analyze whether the flood disaster information can be accurately reflected and provide the basis for selecting input classification characteristics of subsequent SAR images. Subsequently, the contribution rate index of the RF model is used to calculate the importance of each index in time series to convert the selected large number of classification features into low dimensional feature space to improve the classification accuracy and reduce the data redundancy. Finally, the SAR image features in each period after multi-scale segmentation and feature selection are jointly used as the input features of RF classification to extract and segment the water in the study area to monitor floods' spatial distribution and dynamic characteristics. The results showed that the various attributes of backscatter coefficients and interferometric coherence under time series could accurately correspond with the actual flood risk, and the combined use of backscattering coefficient and interferometric coherence for flood extraction can significantly improve the accuracy of flood information extraction. Overall, the object-based random forest method using the backscattering coefficient and interference coherence of Sentinel-1 time series for flood extraction advances our understanding of flooding's temporal and spatial dynamics, essential for the timely adoption of adaptation and mitigation strategies for loss reduction.
Monitoring of salt iodisation programme in Iran; Health outcomes, shortages and perspective

Ma ZF, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Pan B

J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2019 May;53:135.
PMID: 30910196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.02.012
Fulltext Low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polypols diet and irritable bowel syndrome in Asia

Zhang Y, Ma ZF, Zhang H, Pan B, Li Y, Majid HA, et al.

JGH Open, 2019 Apr;3(2):173-178.
PMID: 31061894 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12125

Functional bowel disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are a chronic condition that can significantly reduce patients' quality of life. Therefore, this paper will review the roles of a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polypols (FODMAP) diet in treating IBS, particularly in an Asian setting. About 20% of the general population is diagnosed with IBS. However, there are limited effective medical therapies available for treating IBS. Therefore, IBS presents a major challenge to the health-care providers. Recently, there is an increasing interest in the use of a diet low in FODMAP for the treatment of IBS. A low FODMAP diet can decrease the delivery of readily fermentable substrates to the small intestine and colon, thereby improving functional gastrointestinal symptoms.
Fulltext Phytochemical Profile of Brown Rice and Its Nutrigenomic Implications

Ravichanthiran K, Ma ZF, Zhang H, Cao Y, Wang CW, Muhammad S, et al.

Antioxidants (Basel), 2018 May 23;7(6).
PMID: 29789516 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7060071

Whole grain foods have been promoted to be included as one of the important components of a healthy diet because of the relationship between the regular consumption of whole-grain foods and reduced risk of chronic diseases. Rice is a staple food, which has been widely consumed for centuries by many Asian countries. Studies have suggested that brown rice is associated with a wide spectrum of nutrigenomic implications such as anti-diabetic, anti-cholesterol, cardioprotective and antioxidant. This is because of the presence of various phytochemicals that are mainly located in bran layers of brown rice. Therefore, this paper is a review of publications that focuses on the bioactive compounds and nutrigenomic implications of brown rice. Although current evidence supports the fact that the consumption of brown rice is beneficial for health, these studies are heterogeneous in terms of their brown rice samples used and population groups, which cause the evaluation to be difficult. Future clinical studies should focus on the screening of individual bioactive compounds in brown rice with reference to their nutrigenomic implications.
[Diagnosis and Treatment of the First Imported Case of Plasmodium knowlesi Infection in China]

Pan B, Pei FQ, Ruan CW, Lin RX, Cen YZ, Liu MR, et al.

Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi, 2016 12;34(6):513-6.
PMID: 30141606

Objective: To diagnose and treat the first imported active case of Plasmodium knowlesi infection in China.
Methods: The clinical information of the patient was collected. Microscopy of blood smear was conducted after Giemsa staining. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood, and PCR was conducted to amplify rDNA. The PCR products were sequenced and analyzed with BLAST
Results: The patient returned from a one-week tour in a tropical rain forest in Malaysia. The first disease attack occurred in Guangzhou on Oct. 16, 2014, with fever, shivering and sweating. The patient was initially diagnosed as malaria and hospitalized on Oct. 26, 2014. Microscopic observation revealed typical forms of P. knowlesi in blood smear. The red blood cells became enlarged, with big trophozoites appearing as a ring with dual cores and dark brown malaria pigment. The trophozoites were slightly bigger and thicker than P. falciparum. The schizont had 6-8 merozoites, with obvious brown malaria pigment. PCR resulted in a specific band of 1 099 bp. BLAST analysis showed that the sequence of the PCR product was 99% homologous to P. knowlesi (acession No. AM910985.1, L07560.1 and AY580317.1). The patient was diagnosed as P. knowlesi infection, and was then given an 8-day treatment with chloroquine and primaquine, together with dihydroartemisinin piperaquine phosphate tablet. The patient was discharged after recovery on Oct. 28, 2014.
Conclusion: According to the clinical symptoms, epidemiological history and laboratory test, the patient has been confirmed as P. knowlesi infection. It may also be the first active case of knowlesi malaria reported in China.