Titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloys presence the most widely applied as advanced biomaterials
in biomedical implant applications. Moreover, these alloys are known to be the most
valuable metallic materials including spinal cord surgical treatment. It becomes an interest
due to its advantages compared to others, including its bio compatibility and corrosion
resistant. However, an issue arises when it comes for permanent implant application as
the alloy has a possible toxic effect produced from chemical reaction between body fluid
environments with alloys chemical compositions. It also relies on the performance of
neighbouring bone tissue to integrate with the implant surface. Abnormalities usually
happen when surrounding tissue shows poor responses and rejection of implants that would
leads to body inflammation. These cause an increase in foreign body reaction leading to
severe body tissue response and thus, loosening of the implant. Corrosion effects and
biocompatibility behaviour of implantation usage also become one of the reasons of
implant damage. Here, this paper reviews the importance of using Ti and Ti-based alloys
in biomedical implantation, especially in orthopaedic spinal cord injury. It also reviews the
basic aspects of corrosion effects that lead to implant mechanical damage, poor response
of body rejection and biocompatibility behaviour of implantation usage.
Welding process is most widely used in joining components or structures in industry. Although welding is part of a larger category called metals joining, the weld itself still gives significant problems to engineers, researchers and manufacturers until today. Several widely used welding processes, such as the Metal Inert Gas (MIG), Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG), and Manual Metal Arc (MMA), were studied. In the present paper, the characterization of the macrostructure, microstructure, hardness and residual stress distribution are highlighted and discussed to achieve a better understanding of the welded quality which is crucial in determining the welded products.
This work investigates the micromechanical properties of Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu (SAC 305) on Immersion Tin (ImSn) surface
finished after subjected to high temperature storage (HTS) at 180°C for 200 to 1000 h period. Nanoindentation approach
was used to measure the micromechanical properties of the solder. It was observed that the indentation depth and plastic
depth were increased and a clear trend of decreasing hardness as opposed to the increasing reduced modulus as the HTS
time lengthened. The plasticity-asscociated properties become stronger meanwhile the elasticity-associated properties
decreased with the HTS time. These findings indicate that nanoindentation approach can clearly determine the plastic
and elastic deformation occurance throughout the test.