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  1. Fulltext Development, validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire in pregnancy for the Universiti Sains Malaysia birth cohort study
    Loy SL, Marhazlina M, Nor AY, Hamid JJ
    Malays J Nutr, 2011 Apr;17(1):1-18.
    PMID: 22135861 MyJurnal
    Introduction: This study aimed to develop and examine the validity and reproducibility of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among Malay pregnant women in Kelantan, Malaysia.
    Methods: A total of 177 Malay pregnant women participated in the validation study while 85 of them participated in the reproducibility study which was carried out in the antenatal clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. The newly developed FFQ was validated against two 24-hour dietary recalls (DR). The FFQ was repeated 20 to 28 days apart.
    Results: Results showed that the FFQ moderately over estimated the nutrient and food intakes compared to the DR. Spearman correlation
    coefficients for nutrients ranged from 0.24 (fat) to 0.61 (calcium) and for foods, ranged from 0.13 (organ meats, onion and garlic) to 0.57 (malt drink). For nutrients, 72 to 85% of women were classified into the correct quartiles from the FFQ and the DR while for foods, 67 to 85% of women were classified correctly. Bland-Altman plot showed relatively good agreement between these two dietary methods. The intra-class correlation (ICC) was used to estimate reproducibility. It ranged from 0.75 (vitamin C) to 0.94 (phosphorus) for nutrients while it ranged from 0.73 (confectionary) to 0.96 (coffee) for foods.
    Conclusion: On average, at least 90% of pregnant women were correctly classified into the quartiles for nutrients and foods from the two sets of the FFQ. The FFQ presented acceptable reproducibility and appears to be a valid tool for categorising pregnant women according to dietary intake.
    Keywords: Assessment of nutritional status, diet, food frequency questionnaire, maternal nutrition
  2. The efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy in Malaysia
    Fong SL, Lim KS, Raymond AA, Tan HJ, Khoo CS, Mohamed AR, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Nov;79(6):729-734.
    PMID: 39614791
    INTRODUCTION: The first vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) implantation in Malaysia was back in 2000, and the implantation rate increased tremendously since 2019. VNS has been used in patients who had persistent seizures despite epilepsy surgeries or were not candidates for epilepsy surgeries. We aimed to study the efficacy of VNS in Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on the VNS done in Malaysia. We included DRE patients from all age groups who underwent VNS from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2022. We analysed the efficacy of VNS for patients with at least one year of implantation.

    RESULTS: A total of 62 implantations were performed from 2000 to 2022. Most patients (52.5%) had implantation at <18 years old, 54.0% had focal seizures, 34.4% had Lennox Gastaut Syndrome and 23.0% had developmental epileptic encephalopathy. A total of 22.6%, 42.8%, and 63.3% of patients achieve ≥ 50% seizure reduction at three months, six months, and one-year post-implantation, respectively. At their last follow-up, 73.5% of patients had ≥ 50% seizure reduction. The majority of responders were at a current intensity of ≥ 2mA (98.0%) and 81.6% were at a duty cycle of ≥35%. No significant difference was found between responders and non-responders by age at implantation, duration of epilepsy, and seizure type.

    CONCLUSION: VNS is effective for patients with refractory epilepsy in Malaysia with two-third achieving more than 50% seizure reduction at one year and the last follow-up.

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