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Fulltext Renal angiomyolipoma during pregnancy: what can we offer?

Lim, Pei Shan, Ng, BK, Rozman, Z, Nirmala K, Shuhaila A, Omar MH

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2015;5(2):62-65.
MyJurnal

Renal angiomyolipoma is a rare disease seen during pregnancy. Rupture of renal angiomyolipoma could be catastrophic and might result in maternal and even perinatal mortality. Management includes conservative vs surgical approach. A 29-year-old woman Para 2 with history of bleeding renal angiomyolipoma in her first pregnancy at 11 weeks treated with selective arterial embolisation. The pregnancy was terminated. Even though having small residual tumour, her subsequent pregnancy progressed well with conservative management. Intervention is advisable in the presence of large or symptomatic renal angiomyolipoma prior to pregnancy in order to minimise potential life-threatening haemorrhage during pregnancy. For those with small tumour of less than 4cm, perhaps conservative approaches i.e. frequent follow-up and close monitoring would assist in early identification of any rupture or bleeding.
Fulltext Towards sustainable transport policy framework: A rail-based transit system in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Yusoff I, Ng BK, Azizan SA

PLoS One, 2021;16(3):e0248519.
PMID: 33711053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248519

This study examines the sustainable transport policy framework in the case of railway development in Klang Valley, Malaysia. It is guided by the main principle that sustainable transport policy is a result of the integration of broad policy instruments that range from infrastructure provision and management, technological improvements, regulation, information, awareness, education, and pricing and taxation. Although this study is mainly qualitative, performance data available at the ASEAN Statistics Division, World Bank Open Data and Global Competitiveness Reports. This is followed by in-person interviews with experts who have vast knowledge, experience, and direct participation in sustainable railway development in Malaysia, especially those related to the Klang Valley development. The main findings have indicated that the current framework in Malaysia meets the criteria of sustainable development policy framework, which are essentially constituted within environmental protection. It also constitutes the pursuance of long-term growth in terms of economic and societal needs. Nonetheless, the rail-based transit system in Malaysia is highly driven by the Government and there is no clear sign indicating that the public is shifting from the road and private transport to rail-based services.
Nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene of a Malaysian heat resistant viscerotropic-velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain AF2240

Tan WS, Lau CH, Ng BK, Ibrahim AL, Yusoff K

DNA Seq., 1995;6(1):47-50.
PMID: 8746461

The nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) viscerotropic-velogenic strain AF2240 was determined by direct RNA sequencing and by sequencing RT-PCR products. It encodes a single open reading frame of 581 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 63.8 kDa. The predicted sequence contains five asparagine glycosylation sites. Comparison of the AF2240 HN protein sequence with 13 other previously published sequences showed 88% homology. This HN protein is unique because it lacked the Arg 403 residue which is present in all of the other strains and cannot be grouped under the proposed three size classes of HN proteins in NDV.
Sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of the Newcastle disease virus oral vaccine strain V4(UPM)

Yusoff K, Tan WS, Lau CH, Ng BK, Ibrahim AL

Avian Pathol, 1996 Dec;25(4):837-44.
PMID: 18645902

The nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) variant strain V4(UPM) was determined by direct genomic RNA sequencing and confirmed by cycle sequencing. The gene comprises 1996 nucleotides encoding a 615 amino acid protein of size 67.4 kDa. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of this strain were compared with those of the parent strain V4(QUE). There are 16 nucleotide substitutions on V4(UPM), eight of which are silent mutations and another eliminated a potential Asn-linked glycosylation site in V4(UPM). In addition, an Arg (403) residue was shown to be absent in the variant strain. This deletion is thought to be significant because of its location in a highly conserved region of the HN protein.
Dynamics of Social Enterprises in Health Care Delivery: Contexts, Models, and Policy Insights From Malaysia

Ng BK, Chin TY, Abu Shamsi N, Azizan SA

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2023 May;35(4):257-266.
PMID: 37029545 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231164441

This qualitative article explores the potential role of health care social enterprises (SEs) as disruptive innovators in improving the availability, accessibility, and affordability of health care delivery. It focuses on the context and mechanisms that enable SEs to produce positive health outcomes. Findings from an in-depth interview with the representatives of SEs and stakeholders in Malaysia reveal that strategies to balance the elements of social and enterprise (business) are the key for SEs to sustain in the market. This is supported with several inclusive business models such as inclusive employment model, cross-subsidization, and flexible fees payment mechanism, as well as collaborative engagement with multiple stakeholders, expert domains, and social workers. This article also highlights several main challenges in health care SEs, namely financial sustainability, impact measurement, scaling up of project, and political influence. This article ends with a few salient policies that focus on nurturing and strengthening health care SEs.
Update on the management of ovarian torsion in children and adolescents

Nur Azurah AG, Zainol ZW, Zainuddin AA, Lim PS, Sulaiman AS, Ng BK

World J Pediatr, 2015 Feb;11(1):35-40.
PMID: 25557598 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-014-0536-3

Ovarian torsion is commonly seen in young girls. Unfortunately it is often misdiagnosed because of its non-specific symptoms and lack of diagnostic modalities. This article focuses on the diagnostic challenge and also the changes in the management of ovarian torsion.
Outpatient versus inpatient intravaginal misoprostol for the treatment of first trimester incomplete miscarriage: a randomised controlled trial

Ng BK, Annamalai R, Lim PS, Aqmar Suraya S, Nur Azurah AG, Muhammad Abdul Jamil MY

Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2015 Jan;291(1):105-13.
PMID: 25078052 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3388-0

BACKGROUND: Study objective To assess the efficacy of outpatient misoprostol administration versus inpatient misoprostol administration for the treatment of first trimester incomplete miscarriage.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective randomised controlled trial was conducted at a tertiary hospital from May 2012 to April 2013. A total of 154 patients with first trimester incomplete miscarriage were randomised to receive misoprostol either as outpatient or inpatient. Intra-vaginal misoprostol 800 mcg was administered eight hourly to a maximum of three doses. Complete evacuation is achieved when the cervical os was closed on vaginal examination or ultrasound showed no more retained products of conception evidenced by endometrial thickness of less than 15 mm. Treatment failure was defined as failure in achieving complete evacuation on day seven hence surgical evacuation is offered.
RESULTS: Outpatient administration of misoprostol was as effective as inpatient treatment with success rate of 89.2 and 85.7 % (p = 0.520). The side effects were not significantly different between the two groups. Side effects that occurred were minor and only required symptomatic treatment. Duration of bleeding was 6.0 days in both groups (p = 0.317). Mean reduction in haemoglobin was lesser in the outpatient group (0.4 g/dl) as compared to in the inpatient group (0.6 g/dl) which was statistically significant (p = 0.048).
CONCLUSION: Medical evacuation using intra-vaginal misoprostol 800 mcg eight hourly for a maximum of three doses in an outpatient setting is as effective as in inpatient setting with tolerable side effects.

Study site: tertiary hospital
Phase sensitive molecular dynamics of self-assembly glycolipid thin films: a dielectric spectroscopy investigation

Velayutham TS, Ng BK, Gan WC, Abd Majid WH, Hashim R, Zahid NI, et al.

J Chem Phys, 2014 Aug 28;141(8):085101.
PMID: 25173043 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893873

Glycolipid, found commonly in membranes, is also a liquid crystal material which can self-assemble without the presence of a solvent. Here, the dielectric and conductivity properties of three synthetic glycolipid thin films in different thermotropic liquid crystal phases were investigated over a frequency and temperature range of (10(-2)-10(6) Hz) and (303-463 K), respectively. The observed relaxation processes distinguish between the different phases (smectic A, columnar/hexagonal, and bicontinuous cubic Q) and the glycolipid molecular structures. Large dielectric responses were observed in the columnar and bicontinuous cubic phases of the longer branched alkyl chain glycolipids. Glycolipids with the shortest branched alkyl chain experience the most restricted self-assembly dynamic process over the broad temperature range studied compared to the longer ones. A high frequency dielectric absorption (Process I) was observed in all samples. This is related to the dynamics of the hydrogen bond network from the sugar group. An additional low-frequency mechanism (Process II) with a large dielectric strength was observed due to the internal dynamics of the self-assembly organization. Phase sensitive domain heterogeneity in the bicontinuous cubic phase was related to the diffusion of charge carriers. The microscopic features of charge hopping were modelled using the random walk scheme, and two charge carrier hopping lengths were estimated for two glycolipid systems. For Process I, the hopping length is comparable to the hydrogen bond and is related to the dynamics of the hydrogen bond network. Additionally, that for Process II is comparable to the bilayer spacing, hence confirming that this low-frequency mechanism is associated with the internal dynamics within the phase.
Fulltext Cesarean scar pregnancy: What can we offer?

Ng BK, Lim PS, Ahmad S, Kampan NC, Abdul Karim AK, Omar MH

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 2015 Apr;54(2):208-10.
PMID: 25951734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2014.11.022
Gene symbol: APC. Disease: colorectal cancer

Tan LP, Ng BK, Balraj P, Poh BH, Lim PK, Peh SC

Hum Genet, 2005 Dec;118(3-4):539-40.
PMID: 16521263
Fulltext Dietary health behaviors of women living in high rise dwellings: a case study of an urban community in Malaysia

Karupaiah T, Swee WC, Liew SY, Ng BK, Chinna K

J Community Health, 2013 Feb;38(1):163-71.
PMID: 22930284 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-012-9597-1

Diet-related non-communicable disease (DR-NCD) occurrence is a serious problem amongst Malaysian women and urbanization is probably a challenge to their achieving the nutritional environment conducive to healthy eating. This case study aimed to determine diet quality of an urban community using women respondents from high rise dwellings in Kuala Lumpur. The sample consisted of 135 households and a healthy eating index (HEI) scale was used to evaluate the women's diet quality. A total of 128 women (Malays = 45, Chinese = 56, Indian = 27) participated. Total HEI score was significantly different (P < 0.05) within ethnicity (Indians = 75.7 ± 8.1 0.05) regardless of ethnicity. Income strata (ρ = 0.159, P = 0.048) and eating out frequency (ρ = -0.149, P = 0.046) also independently affected HEI scores. Income negatively correlated with sodium restriction score (ρ = -0.294, P = 0.001) but positively with cereals (ρ = 0.181; P = 0.025), fruits (ρ = 0.178; P = 0.022), dairy products (ρ = 0.198; P = 0.013) and food variety (ρ = 0.219, P = 0.007). Decreased vegetable intake (ρ = -0.320; P < 0.001) and sodium excess (ρ = -0.135, P = 0.065) were associated with eating out frequency and poor HEI scores. This case study suggests health promotion for DR-NCD prevention is needed at the community level to improve diet quality of urban women.
Ultrasound guided paralaryngeal pressure versus cricoid pressure on the occlusion of esophagus: a crossover study

Lim SM, Ng BK, Wilson A, Cheong CC, Ng TY, Wang CY

J Clin Monit Comput, 2021 Jan 02.
PMID: 33387155 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-020-00623-7

The primary objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of cricoid pressure (CP) and paralaryngeal pressure (PLP) on occlusion of eccentric esophagus in patients under general anesthesia (GA). Secondary objectives include the prevalence of patients with central or eccentric esophagus both before and after GA, and the success rate of CP in occluding centrally located esophagus in patients post GA. Fifty-one ASA physical status I and II patients, undergoing GA for elective surgery were enrolled in this study. Ultrasonography imaging were performed to determine the position of the esophagus relative to the trachea: (i) before induction of GA, (ii) after GA before external CP maneuver, (iii) after GA with CP, and (iv) after GA with PLP. CP was applied to all patients whilst PLP via fingertip technique was only applied to patients with an eccentric esophagus. Among a total of 51 patients, 28 of them (55%) had eccentric esophagus pre GA, while this number increase to 33 (65%) after induction of GA. CP success rate was 100% in 18 patients with central esophagus post GA versus 27% in 33 patients with eccentric esophagus post GA (P<0.00001). Overall success rate for CP was 53%. In 33 patients with eccentric esophagus anatomy post GA, PLP success rate was 30% compared with 27% with CP (P=1.000). Ultrasound guided PLP fingertips technique was not effective in patients with an eccentrically located esophagus post GA. Ultrasound guided CP achieved 100% success rate in patients with a centrally located esophagus post GA.
No difference in the occurrence of mismatch repair defects and APC and CTNNB1 genes mutation in a multi-racial colorectal carcinoma patient cohort

Tan LP, Ng BK, Balraj P, Lim PK, Peh SC

Pathology, 2007 Apr;39(2):228-34.
PMID: 17454753

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Colorectal cancers of different subtypes involve different pathogenic pathways like the Wnt and the mutator pathways. In this study, we screened 73 colorectal cancer cases from a multi-racial group for genetic and expression profile defects with the aim of correlating these with patients' clinicopathological characteristics.
METHODS: Mutation screening of the entire coding region of APC and exon 3 of CTNNB1, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of APC, and microsatellite instability (MSI) status were assessed for 44 patients with available paired frozen normal and tumour tissues. In addition, 29 cases with available paraffin embedded tumour blocks were screened for mutation in exon 3 of CTNNB1, the APC mutation cluster region (codon 1286-1513), and hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6 protein expressions by immunohistochemistry method.
RESULTS: In our study, 15/73 cases showed APC mutations (20.5%), 1/73 cases had CTNNB1 mutation (1.4%), 5/32 cases had APC LOH (15.6%), and 16/70 (22.9%) cases revealed at least some form of mismatch repair (MMR) defect. Tumour grade (poor differentiation) was found to correlate significantly with right-sided tumour and mucinous histology (p = 0.01879 and 0.00320, respectively). Patients of younger age (below 45 years) more often had tumours of mucinous histology (p = 0.00014), while patients of older age (above 75 years) more often had tumours on the right side of the colon (p = 0.02448). Tumours of the mucinous histology subtype often had MMR defects (p = 0.02686). There was no difference in the occurrence of APC and CTNNB1 mutations and MMR defects found within our multi-racial colorectal cancer patient cohort.
CONCLUSION: Our findings support the notion that racial factor may not be related to the occurrence of MMR defects and APC and CTNNB1 mutations in our multi-racial patient cohort.
Analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin congeners by a sodium channel receptor binding assay

Usup G, Leaw CP, Cheah MY, Ahmad A, Ng BK

Toxicon, 2004 Jul;44(1):37-43.
PMID: 15225560

This study was carried out to characterize the detection and quantitation of several paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin congeners using a receptor binding assay (RBA). This involved competitive binding of the toxin congeners against tritium-labeled STX for receptor sites on rat brain sodium channels. Competitive binding curves were described by a four-parameter logistic equation. Half-saturation values (EC(50)) ranged from 4.38 nM for STX to 142 nM for GTX5. Receptor binding affinity was in the order STX>GTX1/4>neoSTX>GTX2/3>dcSTX>GTX5, and this was similar to the order of mouse toxicity of these congeners. Predicted toxin concentrations from observed STXeq values and EC(50) ratios relative to STX were within 20% or better of the actual concentrations used in the assay. In contrast predicted toxin concentrations using mouse toxicity ratios relative to STX did not provide a good match to actual concentrations, except for GTX1/4. This study has shown that the rat brain sodium channel RBA will provide a reliable integration of total toxicity of various PSP toxin congeners present in a sample.
Fulltext Adolescent Obesity Modeling: A Framework of Socio-Economic Analysis on Public Health

Salarzadeh Jenatabadi H, Shamsi NA, Ng BK, Abdullah NA, Mentri KAC

Healthcare (Basel), 2021 Jul 22;9(8).
PMID: 34442062 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080925

Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-Bayesian) was applied across different research areas to model the correlation between manifest and latent variables. The primary purpose of this study is to introduce a new framework of complexity to adolescent obesity modeling based on adolescent lifestyle through the application of SEM-Bayesian. The introduced model was designed based on the relationships among several factors: household socioeconomic status, healthy food intake, unhealthy food intake, lifestyle, body mass index (BMI) and body fat. One of the main contributions of this study is from considering both BMI and body fat as dependent variables. To demonstrate the reliability of the model, especially in terms of its fitting and accuracy, real-time data were extracted and analyzed across 881 adolescents from secondary schools in Tehran, Iran. The output of this study may be helpful for researchers who are interested in adolescent obesity modeling based on the lifestyle and household socioeconomic status of adolescents.
Perineal skin tear repair following vaginal birth; skin adhesive versus conventional suture - a randomised controlled trial

Dasrilsyah RA, Kalok A, Ng BK, Ali A, Teik Chew K, Lim PS

J Obstet Gynaecol, 2021 Feb;41(2):242-247.
PMID: 32530340 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1740917

This was a prospective randomised controlled trial comparing the effects of first-degree perineal tear repair using adhesive glue versus conventional suturing in terms of pain score, wound complication and patient's satisfaction. One hundred and twenty one women were randomised. The skin adhesive group had a significantly lower pain score at rest as well as during sitting, walking and micturition during the first week of delivery compared to the suture group. The time taken to become pain free was significantly shorter in the tissue adhesive group (3.18 vs. 8.65 days, p < .001). Only two patients who had skin glue experienced wound gaping. No significant difference was observed in the level of satisfaction between the adhesive and suture groups. Tissue adhesive is better than subcuticular suture for repairing first-degree perineal tear as it causes less pain and has shorter recovery time.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject. First- and second-degree tears following vaginal delivery are common and involved a third of women. Suturing of these tears is advocated to avoid wound gaping and poor healing.What the results of this study add. For first-degree tear repair, tissue adhesive is better than conventional suture in terms of pain reduction and recovery time.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research. Skin adhesive is an ideal method for first-degree perineal tear repair especially in out of hospital settings such as home birth or midwifery-led centre. A larger scale study is needed to establish its feasibility for second- and third-degree tears repair.
Validation of the Malay version of the p-QOL questionnaire

Dasrilsyah RA, Ng BK, Atan IK, Khong SY, Nusee Z, Lim PS

Int Urogynecol J, 2021 Dec;32(12):3163-3167.
PMID: 32506230 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-020-04362-w

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to translate and validate the P-QOL questionnaire in the Malay language.
METHODS: The P-QOL questionnaire was translated into the Malay language and subsequently back-translated to English. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were tested. All patients who visited the gynecology outpatient clinic of UKMMC, UMMC and IIUM between January 2016 and May 2017 completed the P-QOL questionnaires and were assessed for POP-Q staging.
RESULTS: One hundred twenty patients with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse and 180 asymptomatic patients were included. The Cronbach's alpha for each domain was > 0.70, which confirmed that there was a highly acceptable internal consistency. The value varied between 0.88 (role limitation) and 0.912 (sleep/energy). Test-retest reliability showed a significant correlation between the total scores for each domain (p
Impact of late pregnancy haemoglobin A1c at 29-30 weeks' gestation on adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with pre-existing diabetes: a retrospective analysis

Yong SL, Ng BK, Mohd Yassin MAJ, Syed Zakaria SZ, Mohamed Ismail NA

J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018 May;38(4):461-465.
PMID: 29390907 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1372397

This study was to assess the relationship between late pregnancy haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) at 29-30 weeks of gestation and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) in 272 pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes. HbA1C ≥6.1% was associated with significantly increased risk of preterm delivery, Caesarean section, large for gestational age (LGA), neonatal respiratory distress, neonatal hypoglycaemia, and composite adverse neonatal outcome (p 5.6% (p = .039). Reduction of HbA1C cut-off from 6.1% to 5.6% improved the sensitivity but reduced the specificity for prediction of APOs. Overall, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated the moderate predictive value of late pregnancy HbA1C for APOs. In conclusion, elevated late pregnancy HbA1C levels at 29-30 gestational weeks had a negative impact on APOs in pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes. However, HbA1C cut-off levels of neither ≥6.1% nor >5.6% were ideal for predicting APOs. Impact statement What is already known on this subject: Poorly controlled diabetes is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Periconceptual haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) correlates well with the risk of foetal anomaly but is not predictive of APOs at time of delivery. New evidence suggested that late pregnancy HbA1C is predictive of APOs but the definitions of a late pregnancy gestational week and target HbA1C cutpoint remain in doubt. What the results of this study add: This study investigated the relationship between late pregnancy HbA1C levels at 29-30 weeks of gestation and the APOs among pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes. Late pregnancy HbA1C ≥ 6.1% correlated with the risk of APOs but the increased risk of pre-eclampsia only became significant at the lower cut-off of >5.6%. Reducing HbA1C cut-off from 6.1% to 5.6% improved the sensitivity but reduced the specificity for prediction of APOs. Overall, late pregnancy HbA1C had a moderate predictive value for APOs. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: HbA1C cut-off levels of neither ≥6.1% nor >5.6% were ideal in predicting APOs among pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes. As HbA1C levels tend to drop in pregnancy, caution should be taken when interpreting HbA1C in pregnancy. More multi-centred studies are required to explore the respective glycaemic target for each APO and to determine the ideal timing for late pregnancy HbA1C measurement.
Intra-Operative Frozen Sections for Ovarian Tumors – A Tertiary Center Experience

Md Arshad NZ, Ng BK, Md Paiman NA, Abdullah Mahdy Z, Mohd Noor R

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2018 Jan 27;19(1):213-218.
PMID: 29373916

Background: Accuracy of diagnosis with intra-operative frozen sections is extremely important in the evaluation of ovarian tumors so that appropriate surgical procedures can be selected. Study design: All patients who with intra-operative frozen sections for ovarian masses in a tertiary center over nine years from June 2008 until April 2017 were reviewed. Frozen section diagnosis and final histopathological reports were compared. Main outcome measures: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of intra-operative frozen section as compared to final histopathological results for ovarian tumors. Results: A total of 92 cases were recruited for final evaluation. The frozen section diagnoses were comparable with the final histopathological reports in 83.7% of cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for benign and malignant ovarian tumors were 95.6%, 85.1%, 86.0% and 95.2% and 69.2%, 100%, 100% and 89.2% respectively. For borderline ovarian tumors, the sensitivity and specificity were 76.2% and 88.7%, respectively; the positive predictive value was 66.7% and the negative predictive value was 92.7%. Conclusion: The accuracy of intra-operative frozen section diagnoses for ovarian tumors is high and this approach remains a reliable option in assessing ovarian masses intra-operatively.
Fulltext Prevalence, Knowledge and Awareness of Pelvic Floor Disorder among Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Centre, Malaysia

Nur Farihan M, Ng BK, Phon SE, Nor Azlin MI, Nur Azurah AG, Lim PS

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Jul 07;19(14).
PMID: 35886170 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148314

Pelvic floor disorders are common and of concern, as the majority of maternity healthcare providers seldom discuss this issue with patients compared to other antenatal issues. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and to assess the knowledge and awareness of pelvic floor disorder (PFD) among pregnant women in a tertiary centre in Malaysia. We also aim to assess the association between women’s risk factors regarding their knowledge and awareness of pelvic floor disorder so that primary prevention strategies can be planned, initiated and implemented in the future. This is a cross-sectional study with a total of four hundred twenty-four pregnant women that were recruited over a 6-month duration from May to November 2017 in a tertiary centre in Malaysia. The Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) was used to evaluate pelvic floor distress symptoms during pregnancy, namely urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse and faecal incontinence. A validated Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ), which consists of 24 items, was used to assess respondents’ knowledge about urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). A total of 450 participants were approached, but 424 participants agreed to participate, showing a response rate of 94.3%. The median age was 31.5 years old, and 33.3% were primiparity. Overall, 46.1% of pregnant women had at least one symptom of pelvic floor disorder during pregnancy. Of these, 62.3% experienced urinary incontinence, 41.1% experienced symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse, and 37.8% experienced symptoms of faecal incontinence. The overall median score of PIKQ was 12.0 (8.0, 17.0). The median score for PIKQ—UI was 7.0 (5.0, 9.0) and the median score for PIKQ—POP was 6.0 (4.0, 8.0). There were 341 (80.4%) pregnant women that had a low level of knowledge in UI, and 191 (45.0%) had a low level of knowledge in POP. Having a tertiary level of education and receiving antenatal specialist care were both associated with better proficiency in both the PIKQ—UI (p < 0.001) and PIKQ—POP (p < 0.001) subscales. Pelvic floor disorder during pregnancy was common. A knowledge of pelvic floor disorder was lacking among pregnant women in this study. Having a tertiary education and receiving antenatal specialist care were both associated with better knowledge proficiency. This study hopefully serves as a basic platform for future educational programs to bridge the knowledge gaps in PFD among pregnant women.

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