Nata de coco, a dessert originally from the Philippines is produced by fermentation of coconut water with a culture of Acetobacter xylinum, a gram negative bacterium. Acetobacter xylinum metabolizes glucose in coconut juice and converts it into bacterial cellulose that has unique properties including high purity, crystallinity and mechanical strength. Because the main component of nata de coco is bacterial cellulose, nata de coco was purified, extracted and characterized to determine whether pure cellulose could be isolated from it. The FTIR spectra of bacterial cellulose from nata de coco showed distinguish peaks of 3440 cm-1, 2926 cm-1, 1300 cm-1, 1440 cm-1, 1163 cm-1 and 1040 cm-1, which correspond to O-H stretching, C-H stretching, C-H bending, CH2 bending, C-O-C stretching and C-O stretching, respectively, and represent the fingerprints of pure cellulose component. Moreover, the FTIR curve showed a pattern similar to other bacterial cellulose spectra reported by report. Thermal analysis showed a DTG peak at 342°C, which falls in the range of cellulose degradation peaks (330°C - 370°C). On the other hand, the TGA curve showed 1 step of degradation, and this finding confirmed the purity of nata de coco. Bacterial cellulose powder produced from nata de coco was found to be soluble only in cupriethylenediamine, a well known solvent for cellulose; thus, it was confirmed that nata de coco is a good source of bacterial cellulose. The purity of bacterial cellulose produced from nata de coco renders it suitable for research that uses pure cellulose.
Patient undergoes orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances have more plaque
retentive area compare to normal person. Therefore, this patient requires higher standard of oral
hygiene care. One of adjunctive cleaning device for oral hygiene care is water irrigator. There are
several types of water irrigator available in the market such as syringe type, electricity and battery
operated. However, the problem is the available water irrigators are expensive. (Copied from article).
Kajian ini telah menilai kesan pelbagai faktor persekitaran terhadap darjah pengembungan hidrogel selulosa bakteria-asid akrilik. Campuran akues selulosa bakteria-asid akrilik (4:1) telah disediakan dan didedahkan dengan irradiasi alur elektron pada 35 kGy dan 50 kGy. Kadar pengembungan di bawah pengaruh pH, suhu dan kekuatan ionik telah dikaji dari 1 hingga 24 jam. Darjah pengembungan hidrogel bergantung kepada dos irradiasi yang diberi: hidrogel yang telah disintesis pada 50 kGy mempunyai darjah pengembungan yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.0001) dalam metanol (619%) berbanding air suling (510%) pada suhu bilik selepas 24 jam. Kekuatan ionik persekitaran mempengaruhi dengan peningkatan kepekatan natrium klorida menurunkan darjah pengembungan. Hidrogel juga peka terhadap perubahan pH: pengembungan meningkat dengan peningkatan pH dan nilai optimal dicapai pada pH 7. Selain itu pengembungan juga meningkat dengan peningkatan suhu dari 25°C sehingga 50°C. Kesimpulannya, keupayaan hidrogel selulosa bakteria-asid akrilik dedahan irradiasi elektron bertindak balas terhadap pelbagai rangsangan faktor persekitaran, menjadikan ia satu bahan yang boleh dibangunkan sebagai sistem penyampaian aktif untuk dadah, protein dan hormon.
Nor Azura Ahmad Tarmidzi, Wan Abdul Fattah Wan Ismail, Nik Salida Suhaila Nik Salleh, Mualimin Mochammad Sahid, Haslinda Ramli, Nalisha Mohamed Ramli, et al.
The position of facial bones contribute great impact to the shape of the face. Shape
of these underlying facial bones responsible for a person facial proportions, angles and contours.
Facial deformity can either be congenital or acquired. Functional impairment related to facial
deformity include chewing problems, breathing problems, speech impairments and
temporomandibular joint pathology. Orthognathic surgery is a procedure involving incision and
manipulation using instrument to align the jaws. Performing cosmetic surgery seems to change the
creation of Allah and the original law of changing Allah creation is prohibited. (Copied from article).