Advanced technology in petrochemical-based polymer has brought many benefits to mankind. However, the use of nonbiodegradable plastics materials for disposable application such as food packaging and house whole appliances are significantly disturbing and damaging the earth ecosystem. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable plastic that is brittle. Because of this nature, PLA has a limitation in its usage. The common way to improve the toughness of PLA is via adding plasticizer. This review will provide brief account on recent developments in the synthesis of lactic acid (monomer of PLA) through biological route, PLA synthesis, unique material properties of PLA and modification of those by making copolymers and composites PLA absorption and degradation