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Fulltext Hypercementosis: a rare finding in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

Shoor H, Sujir N, Mutalik S, Pai KM

BMJ Case Rep, 2014;2014.
PMID: 25427926 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-202370

Hypercementosis is excessive deposition of non-neoplastic cementum over normal root cementum, which alters root morphology. This cementum may be either hypocellular or cellular in nature. The aetiopathogenesis of hypercementosis is ambiguous. Although most of the cases are idiopathic, several local and systemic factors are also linked to this condition, such as Paget's disease, acromegaly, vitamin A deficiency, etc. We report two rare cases of hypercementosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, not previously described in the literature, and also discuss the possible aetiopathogenesis.
Anatomical considerations for implant placements in first maxillary molar extracted sites in East Asian patients

Ananda GK, Nambiar P, Mutalik S, Shanmuhasuntharam P

Surg Radiol Anat, 2015 Nov;37(9):1099-108.
PMID: 25850735 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-015-1473-0

With the advent of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for maxillofacial imaging, there has been a paradigm shift from two dimensional panoramic radiography to three dimensional imaging. This study investigated the microanatomy of the maxillary permanent first molar socket and its relationship to the floor of the maxillary sinus, especially for immediate or early implant placement.
Fulltext Oral leukoplakia - is biopsy at the initial appointment a must?

Mutalik S, Mutalik VS, Pai KM, Naikmasur VG, Phaik KS

J Clin Diagn Res, 2014 Aug;8(8):ZC04-7.
PMID: 25302256 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/8717.4659

Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity. Leukoplakias with chances of undergoing malignant transformation owing to the presence of dysplastic changes may not be clinically distinguishable from leukoplakias without dysplasia. The study was carried out to evaluate the usefulness of biopsy in assessing the clinico-pathologic correlations of oral leukoplakia at the patient's initial visit.
Fulltext Root canal morphology of permanent teeth in a Malaysian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography

Pan JYY, Parolia A, Chuah SR, Bhatia S, Mutalik S, Pau A

BMC Oral Health, 2019 01 14;19(1):14.
PMID: 30642318 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0710-z

BACKGROUND: To determine the root canal morphology of human permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth in a Malaysian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
METHODS: A total of 208 CBCT images were examined retrospectively. Prevalence of an extra root/canal and internal morphology based on Vertucci's classification were observed in human maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth. Variations in the external and internal morphology were compared in relation to gender and tooth side (left vs right) using Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests with significance level set at p
Factors affecting the morphology of some organic and inorganic nanostructures for drug delivery: characterization, modifications, and toxicological perspectives

Raychaudhuri R, Pandey A, Hegde A, Abdul Fayaz SM, Chellappan DK, Dua K, et al.

Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2020 12;17(12):1737-1765.
PMID: 32878492 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1819237

Introduction: In this review, we aim to highlight the impact of various processes and formulation variables influencing the characteristics of certain surfactant-based nanoconstructs for drug delivery. Areas covered: The review includes the discussion on processing parameters for the preparation of nanoconstructs, especially those made up of surfactants. Articles published in last 15 years (437) were reviewed, 381 articles were selected for data review and most appropriate articles (215) were included in article. Effect of variables such as surfactant concentration and type, membrane additives, temperature, and pH-dependent transitions on morphology has been highlighted along with effect of shape on nanoparticle uptake by cells. Various characterization techniques explored for these nanostructures with respect to size, morphology, lamellarity, distribution, etc., and a separate section on polymeric vesicles and the influence of block copolymers, type of block copolymer, control of block length, interaction of multiple block copolymers on the structure of polymersomes and chimeric nanostructures have been discussed. Finally, applications, modification, degradation, and toxicological aspects of these drug delivery systems have been highlighted. Expert opinion: Parameters influencing the morphology of micelles and vesicles can directly or indirectly affect the efficacy of small molecule cellular internalization as well as uptake in the case of biologicals.[Figure: see text].
Age estimation from structural changes of teeth and buccal alveolar bone level

Koh KK, Tan JS, Nambiar P, Ibrahim N, Mutalik S, Khan Asif M

J Forensic Leg Med, 2017 May;48:15-21.
PMID: 28407514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.03.004

Forensic odontology plays a vital role in the identification and age estimation of unknown deceased individuals. The purpose of this study is to estimate the chronological age from Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images by measuring the buccal alveolar bone level (ABL) to the cemento-enamel junction and to investigate the possibility of employing the age-related structural changes of teeth as studied by Gustafson. In addition, this study will determine the forensic reliability of employing CBCT images as a technique for dental age estimation. A total of 284 CBCT images of Malays and Chinese patients (150 females and 134 males), aged from 20 years and above were selected, measured and stages of age-related changes were recorded using the i-CAT Vision software. Lower first premolars of both left and right side of the jaw were chosen and the characteristics described by Gustafson, namely attrition, secondary dentine formation and periodontal recession were evaluated. Linear regression analysis was performed for the buccal bone level and the R values obtained were 0.85 and 0.82 for left and right side respectively. Gustafson's characteristics were analysed using multiple regression analysis with chronological age as the dependent variable. The results of the analysis showed R values ranged from 0.44 to 0.62. Therefore it can be safely concluded that the buccal bone level highly correlated with the chronological age and is consequently the most suitable age-related characteristic for forensic age estimation.
Revolutionizing Neurotherapeutics: Nanocarriers Unveiling the Potential of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer's Disease

Kamath AP, Nayak PG, John J, Mutalik S, Balaraman AK, Krishnadas N

Neuropharmacology, 2024 Jul 29.
PMID: 39084596 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110096

Neurological disorders pose a huge worldwide challenge to the healthcare system, necessitating innovative strategies for targeted drug delivery to the central nervous system. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an untreatable neurodegenerative condition characterized by dementia and alterations in a patient's physiological and mental states. Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been an important source of bioactive phytochemicals with immense therapeutic potential. This review investigates new and safer alternatives for prevention and treatment of disease related to inevitable side effects associated with synthetic compounds. This review examines how nanotechnology can help in enhancing the delivery of neuroprotective phytochemicals in AD. Nevertheless, despite their remarkable neuroprotective properties, these natural products often have poor therapeutic efficacy due to low bioavailability, limited solubility and imperfect blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Nanotechnology produces personalized drug delivery systems which are necessary for solving such problems. In overcoming these challenges, nanotechnology might be employed as a way forward whereby customized medication delivery systems would be established as a result. The use of nanocarriers in the design and application of important phytochemicals is highlighted by this review, which indicate potential for revolutionizing neuroprotective drug delivery. We also explore the complications and possibilities of using nanocarriers to supply nutraceuticals and improve patients' standard of living, and preclinical as well as clinical investigations displaying that these techniques are effective in mitigating neurodegenerative diseases. In order to fight brain diseases and improve patient's health, scientists and doctors can employ nanotechnology with its possible therapeutic interventions.
Emerging era of "somes": polymersomes as versatile drug delivery carrier for cancer diagnostics and therapy

Sharma AK, Prasher P, Aljabali AA, Mishra V, Gandhi H, Kumar S, et al.

Drug Deliv Transl Res, 2020 Oct;10(5):1171-1190.
PMID: 32504410 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00789-2

Over the past two decades, polymersomes have been widely investigated for the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. Polymersomes are stable polymeric vesicles, which are prepared using amphiphilic block polymers of different molecular weights. The use of high molecular weight amphiphilic copolymers allows for possible manipulation of membrane characteristics, which in turn enhances the efficiency of drug delivery. Polymersomes are more stable in comparison with liposomes and show less toxicity in vivo. Furthermore, their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, significant biocompatibility, robustness, high colloidal stability, and simple methods for ligands conjugation make polymersomes a promising candidate for therapeutic drug delivery in cancer therapy. This review is focused on current development in the application of polymersomes for cancer therapy and diagnosis. Graphical abstract.