Simulating Lotka-Volterra model using a numerical method requires the researcher to apply tiny mesh sizes to come up with an accurate solution. This approach will increase the complexity and burden of computer memory and consume long computational time. To overcome these issues, a new solver is used that could simulate Lotka-Volterra model using bigger mesh size. In this paper, prey and predator behaviour is simulated via Lotka-Volterra model. We approximate the nonlinear terms in the model via weighted average approach and differential equation via nonstandard denominators. We provide three new schemes for one step method and simulate four sets of parameters to examine the performance of these new schemes. Results show that these new schemes simulate better for large mesh sizes.
Simulating Lotka-Volterra model using numerical method require researchers to apply tiny mesh sizes to obtain an accurate result. This approach nevertheless increases the complexity and burden of computer memory and consume long computational time. To overcome these issues, we investigate and construct new two-step solver that could simulate Lotka-Volterra model using bigger mesh size. This paper proposes three new two-step schemes to simulate Lotka-Volterra model. A non-standard approximation scheme with trimean approach was adopted. The nonlinear terms in the model is approximated via trimean approach and differential equation via non-standard denominators. Four sets of parameters were examined to analyse the performance of these new schemes. Results show that these new schemes provide better simulation for large mesh size.
Numerical application helps researchers in simulating various problems and used for solving partial differential equation. Half sweep and quarter sweep approach have been applied onto iterative method to gain approximation solution. In this paper, the implementation of full sweep successive over relaxation (FSSOR), half sweep successive over relaxation (HSSOR) and quarter sweep successive over relaxation (QSSOR) methods and full sweep accelerated over relaxation (FSAOR), half sweep accelerated over relaxation (HSAOR) and quarter sweep accelerated over relaxation (QSAOR) for its numerical engines are shown. QSSOR and QSAOR method was the fastest among FSSOR, HSSOR, FSAOR and HSAOR methods. Additionally, QSAOR performance is more accurate than QSSOR.
Bidang ortopedik pada masa kini menjadi semakin penting kerana bilangan pesakit yang menghidapi penyakit ‘osteoporosis’ meningkat setiap tahun. Cara pengecaman secara konvensional masih digunakan untuk mencari implan yang sesuai bagi pesakit. Oleh itu satu kaedah secara digital perlu dibangunkan supaya proses pengecaman saiz implan dapat dilaksanakan dengan berkesan. Kertas ini menunjukkan bagaimana implan sendi pinggul direka bentuk untuk digunakan dalam persekitaran digital. Templat implan yang digunakan secara manual oleh pihak PPUKM telah digunakan sebagai asas kepada reka bentuk implan sendi pinggul. Templat ini direka bentuk semula dengan menggunakan perisian AutoCad 2008. Templat yang dihasilkan dalam format AutoCAD ditukarkan ke format imej JPEG supaya ia boleh digunakan dalam perisian Photoshop untuk tujuan pewarnaan dan penskalaan. Implan digital ini kemudiannya telah diuji dengan menggunakan imej sinar-X pesakit yang disediakan oleh PPUKM. Keputusan menunjukkan implan sendi pinggul digital yang dihasilkan sangat sesuai dan boleh digunakan dalam persekitaran digital.