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Fulltext Psychosocial risk factors for colorectal cancer: a systematic review

Zainal, N.Z., Mohamed, S.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2015;24(2):0-0.
MyJurnal

Aims: To review the psychosocial risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC),
report the types and explore their association with CRC.

Methods: We
followed PRISMA guidelines to conduct the systematic review. We searched
electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO and EMBASE) and
hand searched up to 15th April 2015 for studies on psychosocial or stress or
depression or anxiety or personality or support or coping as risk factor for
CRC. We extracted information about the place of the study, study design,
measurement tools, participant’s characteristics, psychosocial risk factor and
its association with CRC. We limited the studies in English language only.
The findings were synthesized and analysed. We presented them in tables
and text.

Results: We identified eight research papers which met the criteria.
The studies reported four different types of psychosocial factor i.e.
personality, stress, anxiety and depression. Four studies explored on
personality, two on stress, one on anxiety and one on depression. There were
four case-control studies and three longitudinal prospective studies. Two of
the studies showed a significant association between personality and risk of
CRC and two studies reported otherwise. Aggressive-hostility personality
and negative emotions were significantly associated with risk of CRC. One
study reported high level of job stress, higher anxiety levels and high level of
depressive symptoms in females was also associated with increased risk of
CRC. However, one study showed a lower risk of CRC in highly stressed
females and no clear relationship between stress and risk of CRC in men.

Conclusion: There is still inconclusive evidence to show that psychosocial
factors are risk for colorectal cancer.
Fulltext Insomnia as a rare neuropsychiatric presentation of Wilson disease

Pang, N., Mat-Rosly, M., Mohamed, S.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2015;24(2):0-0.
MyJurnal

Objective: Wilson’s disease (WD) is a rare disorder of copper metabolism
with hepatic, neurological and psychiatric manifestations. This case describes
insomnia as a rare primary psychiatric presentation of WD.

Methods: An 18
year old gentleman presented with three months of poor sleep. There was no
depressive, manic, psychotic, anxiety or cognitive symptoms. He was
diagnosed with WD three months ago. Physical examination was normal
however Kayser-Fleischer rings were noted. MRI brain demonstrated
symmetrical signal abnormalities noted in the head of the caudate nucleus,
putamen and globus pallidus. His insomnia worsened on increased dose of
chelating agent so the agent was reduced. Longitudinally he developed
depressive symptoms so has been commenced on mirtazapine.

Discussion:
Psychiatric complications of WD are found in initial presentation in 30-67%
cases. Underlying scientific mechanisms proposed include brain copper
toxicity, presynaptic SERT availability, and alternative metabolic influences.
Treatment focuses on chelating agents and psychotropic augmentation.
Fulltext Characterisation of rh and other blood group systems amongst the maldivian blood donors

Mohamed S, Muna I

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Oct;68(5):393-6.
PMID: 24632868

OBJECTIVE: We here report the first study on the distribution of red cell antigens and phenotype frequencies of various blood group systems in Maldives.

METHOD: Randomly selected 123 regular blood donors of O group were phenotyped for seven blood group systems by direct tube agglutination and or indirect antiglobulin tests. Blood group systems studied were Rh, Kidd, Duffy, Lewis, Kell, P and MNS system.

RESULTS: Rh blood grouping showed, 7.3% donors were Rh(D) negative, 92.7% were Rh(D) positive with the predominance of genotype complex of DCe/DCe (39.0%). The incidence of Jk(a+b+) phenotype was the most common in Kidd system. In Duffy system, the incidence of Fy(a+b+) phenotype was 50.4%. Lewis system was predominated by Le(a-b+) phenotype accounting to 80.5% of the donors. In the Kell system only two phenotypes were present, K+k- (5.7%) and k+k+ (94.3%), in the Maldivian blood donors. P system was represented by P1, P2 and P2k phenotypes with an incidence of 28.5%, 70.7% and 0.8% respectively. In the MNS system, MNss and MNSs phenotypes summed up to 48.8% of blood donors.

CONCLUSION: The detail knowledge of red cell antigen composition and their frequencies in the Maldivian population will be helpful in terms of population genetic perspectives, in establishing a donor data-bank for in-house production of indigenous screening and identification cell panels, and facilitate availability of antigen negative compatible blood for patients with previously identified multiple alloantibodies.
Fulltext Performance of 2 Polymerization Protocols Targeting Cloned Toxoplasma Parasites

Hanafy NA, Badr MS, Nasr GM

Open Access Maced J Med Sci, 2018 Sep 25;6(9):1577-1580.
PMID: 30337968 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.400

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasitic infection of humans. Infection is usually mild. Serious complications can occur in pregnant and immunocompromised patients.
AIM: The present study aims to investigate the performance of 2 different PCR protocols; real-time quantitative molecular assays (qPCR) and conventional molecular assays (cPCR), using 2 different sets of primers and by using cloned purified Toxoplasma genomic substances to be evaluated as reference samples.
METHODS: The target DNA was provided in 8 different quantities.
RESULTS: Amplification failure was reported only with the cPCR in samples of low concentrations using both primer sets. Quantitative PCR detected the 8 different dilutions of the purified Toxoplasma gondii using the 2 sets of primers while cPCR was sensitive to detect only 6 different dilutions.
CONCLUSION: Generally real-time quantitative molecular assays, is easy to use method compared to conventional PCR assay and produces more reliable results within only one hour time but still the possible application of qPCRs in routine diagnosis necessitates analysis of a large number of clinical samples in further studies to make the proper choice.
Alpha-tocopherol content in 62 edible tropical plants

Ching LS, Mohamed S

J Agric Food Chem, 2001 Jun;49(6):3101-5.
PMID: 11410015

Vitamin E was determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. All the plants tested showed differences in their alpha-tocopherol content and the differences were significant (p < 0.05). The highest alpha-tocopherol content was in Sauropus androgynus leaves (426.8 mg/kg edible portion), followed by Citrus hystrix leaves (398.3 mg/kg), Calamus scipronum (193.8 mg/kg), starfruit leaves Averrhoa belimbi (168.3 mg/kg), red pepper Capsicum annum (155.4 mg/kg), local celery Apium graveolens (136.4 mg/kg), sweet potato shoots Ipomoea batatas (130.1 mg/kg), Pandanus odorus (131.5 mg/kg), Oenanthe javanica (146.8 mg/kg), black tea Camelia chinensis (183.3 mg/kg),papaya Carica papaya shoots (111.3 mg/kg), wolfberry leaves Lycium chinense (94.4 mg/kg), bird chili Capsicum frutescens leaves (95.4 mg/kg), drumstick Moringa oleifera leaves (90.0 mg/kg), green chili Capsicum annum (87 mg/kg), Allium fistulosum leaves (74.6 mg/kg), and bell pepper Capsicum annum (71.0 mg/kg). alpha-Tocopherol was not detected in Brassica oleracea, Phaeomeria speciosa, Pachyrrhizus speciosa, Pleurotus sajor-caju, and Solanum melongena.
Flavonoid (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin) content of edible tropical plants

Miean KH, Mohamed S

J Agric Food Chem, 2001 Jun;49(6):3106-12.
PMID: 11410016

Studies were conducted on the flavonoids (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin) contents of 62 edible tropical plants. The highest total flavonoids content was in onion leaves (1497.5 mg/kg quercetin, 391.0 mg/kg luteolin, and 832.0 mg/kg kaempferol), followed by Semambu leaves (2041.0 mg/kg), bird chili (1663.0 mg/kg), black tea (1491.0 mg/kg), papaya shoots (1264.0 mg/kg), and guava (1128.5 mg/kg). The major flavonoid in these plant extracts is quercetin, followed by myricetin and kaempferol. Luteolin could be detected only in broccoli (74.5 mg/kg dry weight), green chili (33.0 mg/kg), bird chili (1035.0 mg/kg), onion leaves (391.0 mg/kg), belimbi fruit (202.0 mg/kg), belimbi leaves (464.5 mg/kg), French bean (11.0 mg/kg), carrot (37.5 mg/kg), white radish (9.0 mg/kg), local celery (80.5 mg/kg), limau purut leaves (30.5 mg/kg), and dried asam gelugur (107.5 mg/kg). Apigenin was found only in Chinese cabbage (187.0 mg/kg), bell pepper (272.0 mg/kg), garlic (217.0 mg/kg), belimbi fruit (458.0 mg/kg), French peas (176.0 mg/kg), snake gourd (42.4 mg/kg), guava (579.0 mg/kg), wolfberry leaves (547.0 mg/kg), local celery (338.5 mg/kg), daun turi (39.5 mg/kg), and kadok (34.5 mg/kg). In vegetables, quercetin glycosides predominate, but glycosides of kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin are also present. Fruits contain almost exclusively quercetin glycosides, whereas kaempferol and myricetin glycosides are found only in trace quantities.
Erratum to: An Enhanced Security Solution for Electronic Medical Records Based on AES Hybrid Technique with SOAP/XML and SHA-1

Kiah ML, Nabi MS, Zaidan BB, Zaidan AA

J Med Syst, 2015 Feb;39(2):2.
PMID: 25600194 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0189-3
An enhanced security solution for electronic medical records based on AES hybrid technique with SOAP/XML and SHA-1

Kiah ML, Nabi MS, Zaidan BB, Zaidan AA

J Med Syst, 2013 Oct;37(5):9971.
PMID: 24037086 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-013-9971-2

This study aims to provide security solutions for implementing electronic medical records (EMRs). E-Health organizations could utilize the proposed method and implement recommended solutions in medical/health systems. Majority of the required security features of EMRs were noted. The methods used were tested against each of these security features. In implementing the system, the combination that satisfied all of the security features of EMRs was selected. Secure implementation and management of EMRs facilitate the safeguarding of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of e-health organization systems. Health practitioners, patients, and visitors can use the information system facilities safely and with confidence anytime and anywhere. After critically reviewing security and data transmission methods, a new hybrid method was proposed to be implemented on EMR systems. This method will enhance the robustness, security, and integration of EMR systems. The hybrid of simple object access protocol/extensible markup language (XML) with advanced encryption standard and secure hash algorithm version 1 has achieved the security requirements of an EMR system with the capability of integrating with other systems through the design of XML messages.
Functional Outcomes 6 Months After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Following Admission Into Intensive Care Unit: A Cohort Study in Two Tertiary Hospitals

Ludin SM, Rashid NA, Awang MS, Nor MBM

Clin Nurs Res, 2019 09;28(7):830-851.
PMID: 29618232 DOI: 10.1177/1054773818767551

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors show physical and functional improvements but continue to have cognitive and psychosocial problems throughout recovery. However, the functional outcome of severe TBI in Malaysia is unknown. The objective of this study is to measure the functional outcomes of severe TBI within 6 months post-injury. A cohort study was done on 33 severe TBI survivors. The Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) was used in this study. The mean age of the participants was 31.79 years (range: 16-73 years). The logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ²(5, N = 33) = 29.09, p < .001. The length of stay (LOS) in incentive care unit (p = .049, odds ratio = 6.062) and duration on ventilator (p = .048, odds ratio = 0.083) were good predictors of the functional outcomes. Future research should focus on larger sample size of severe TBI in Malaysia.
Fulltext The Efficacy of Squalene in Cardiovascular Disease Risk-A Systematic Review

Ibrahim N', Fairus S, Zulfarina MS, Naina Mohamed I

Nutrients, 2020 Feb 05;12(2).
PMID: 32033387 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020414

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Squalene (SQ), an intermediate for the cholesterol biosynthesis, has been proposed to act similarly to statins via inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in the liver.
PURPOSE: This paper explores the effects of SQ in CVD.
METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify relevant studies about SQ and CVD. A comprehensive search in Medline and Scopus for relevant studies published between the years 1946 and 2019 was performed. The main inclusion criteria were that the study was published in English; that the study reported association or effect of SQ and CVD; and that CVD should be related to lifestyle variables, aging, or experimentally induced conditions.
RESULTS: The literature searches identified 5562 potentially relevant articles, whereby 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. There were three human studies and 18 animal experimental studies included in this paper. Only one human study reported positive outcome of SQ in CVD. The remaining two studies reported inconsistent and/or no effect. For animal studies, 15 studies reported positive effect while the remaining reported negative and/or no effect of SQ on various related parameters.
CONCLUSIONS: This evidence-based review emphasizes the potential of SQ being used for cardiovascular-related diseases. The effect of SQ, especially of plant-based warrants further exploration. Controlled human observational studies should be performed to provide comprehensive evidence.
FT-FEDTL: A fine-tuned feature-extracted deep transfer learning model for multi-class microwave-based brain tumor classification

Hossain A, Islam R, Islam MT, Kirawanich P, Soliman MS

Comput Biol Med, 2024 Dec;183:109316.
PMID: 39489108 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109316

The microwave brain imaging (MBI) system is an emerging technology used to detect brain tumors in their early stages. Multi-class microwave-based brain tumor (MBT) identification and classification are crucial due to the tumor's patterns and shape. Manual identification and categorization of the tumors from the images by physicians is a challenging task and consumes more time. Recently, to overcome these issues, the deep transfer learning (DTL) technique has been used to classify brain tumors efficiently. This paper proposes a Fine-tuned Feature Extracted Deep Transfer Learning Model called FT-FEDTL for multi-class MBT classification purposes. The main objective of this work is to suggest a better pathway for brain tumor diagnosis by designing an efficient DTL model that automatically identifies and categorizes the MBT images. The InceptionV3 architecture is utilized as a base for feature extraction in the proposed FT-FEDTL model. Thereafter, a fine-tuning method is applied to the additional five layers with hyperparameters. The fine-tuned layers are attached to the base model to enhance classification performance. The MBT data are collected from two sources and balanced by augmentation techniques to create a total of 4200 balanced datasets. Later, 80 % images are used for training, 20 % images are utilized for validation, and 80 samples of each class are used for testing the FT-FEDTL model for classifying tumors into six classes. We evaluated and compared the FT-FEDTL model with the three traditional non-CNN and seven pretrained models by applying an imbalanced and balanced dataset. The proposed model showed superior classification performance compared to other models for the balanced dataset. It attained an overall accuracy, recall, precision, specificity, and Fscore of 99.65 %, 99.16 %, 99.48 %, 99.10 %, and 99.23 %, respectively. The experimental outcomes ensure that the proposed model can be employed in biomedical applications to assist radiologists for multi-class MBT image classification purposes. The Anaconda distribution platform with Python 3.7 on the Windows 11 OS is used to implement the models.
Fulltext Tuberous sclerosis and angiomyolipomas of the kidneys: a case report

Segasothy M, Yi AA, Mohamed S

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Jun;38(2):94-7.
PMID: 6621453

Tuberous sclerosis is a disease with a well known association with renal masses, both cysts and angiomyolipomas. Reported here is a case of a 26 year old woman who had, in addition to angiomyolipomas of the kidneys, adenoma sebaceum, paraungual fibromas, shagreen patches and cerebral tubers.
Fulltext Peripheral arterial embolism: a prospective study of 40 consecutive cases

Pung LY, Mohamed SR

Med J Malaysia, 1990 Jun;45(2):131-5.
PMID: 2152017

A prospective study was made of 40 consecutive patients who presented with peripheral arterial embolism to the Vascular Surgical Service in UKM. Atrial fibrillation was the most common source of the embolus. Twelve patients did not present until the affected limb(s) were in established gangrene. Thirty-two embolectomies were performed on 25 patients. Only 10 of these patients were discharged well with their limbs intact. Four patients required amputation because embolectomy did not restore viability of the limbs. Eleven patients died following embolectomy. The overall mortality for arterial embolism was 50%. Among the survival (n = 20), only 11 patients were discharged with their limbs intact. The cause of the poor result was related to the delay in definitive treatment and the poor general state of the patients. It was concluded that the prognosis for arterial embolism was very poor. This result needs to be improved and recommendations are made to achieve this.
Standardized Morinda citrifolia L. and Morinda elliptica L. leaf extracts alleviated fatigue by improving glycogen storage and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism

Osman WNW, Mohamed S

Phytother Res, 2018 Oct;32(10):2078-2085.
PMID: 29993148 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6151

The antifatigue properties of Morinda elliptica (ME) leaf were compared with Morinda citrifolia (MC) leaf extracts. Sixty Balb/C mice were administered (N = 10): control water, standardized green tea extract (positive control 200 mg/kg body weight [BW]), either 200 or 400 mg MC/kg BW, or either 200 or 400 mg ME/kg BW). The mice performances, biochemical, and mRNA expressions were evaluated. After 6 weeks, the weight-loaded swimming time to exhaustion in the mice consuming 400 mg MC/kg, were almost five times longer than the control mice. The gene expressions analysis suggested the extracts enhanced performance by improving lipid catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, electron transport, antioxidant responses, energy production, and tissue glycogen stores. The MC and ME extracts enhanced stamina by reducing blood lactate and blood urea nitrogen levels, increasing liver and muscle glycogen reserve through augmenting the glucose metabolism (glucose transporter type 4 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4), lipid catabolism (acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenases and fatty acid translocase), antioxidant (superoxide dismutase 2) defence responses, electron transport (COX4I2), and energy production (PGC1α, NRF1, NRF2, cytochrome C electron transport, mitochondrial transcription factor A, UCP1, and UCP3) biomarkers. The MC (containing scopoletin and epicatechin) was better than ME (containing only scopoletin) or green tea (containing epicatechin and GT catechins) for alleviating fatigue.
STEAM pinnacle: igniting youth brilliance for societal wellness

Suharni, Mohamed S, Abu Bakar K

J Public Health (Oxf), 2024 Mar 31.
PMID: 38556650 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae041
Depression and psychosocial correlates of liver transplant candidates: a systematic review

Mohamed S, Sabki ZA, Zainal NZ

Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2014 Dec;6(4):447-53.
PMID: 25132651 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12145

Liver transplant candidates are vulnerable to develop depression. This paper aims to ascertain the prevalence of depression in liver transplant candidates and its psychosocial factors in a systematic review.
Quality of life of patients with epilepsy in Malaysia

Mohamed S, Gill JS, Tan CT

Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2014 Mar;6(1):105-9.
PMID: 23857866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00192.x

To determine the quality of life of patients with epilepsy and its relationship with depression, and the clinical and sociodemographic variables.
Cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection by catechin-rich oil palm leaf extract supplement

Mohamed S, Lee Ming T, Jaffri JM

J Sci Food Agric, 2013 Mar 15;93(4):819-27.
PMID: 23001939 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5802

Catechin-rich oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaf extract (OPLE) has good cardiovascular and phytoestrogenic properties. The OPLE (0.5 g day(-1) ) was supplemented to young, healthy, adult human volunteers, and their cognitive learning abilities were compared to placebo-controlled groups (N = 15). Their short-term memories, spatial visualisations, processing speeds, and language skills, were assessed over 2 months by cognitive tests computer programs.
Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and radical scavenging activity of 21 selected tropical plants

Mustafa RA, Abdul Hamid A, Mohamed S, Bakar FA

J Food Sci, 2010 Jan-Feb;75(1):C28-35.
PMID: 20492146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01401.x

Free radical scavenging activity of 21 tropical plant extracts was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH). Total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and HPLC, respectively. Results of the study revealed that all the plants tested exhibited excellent antioxidant activity with IC(50) in the range of 21.3 to 89.6 microg/mL. The most potent activity was demonstrated by Cosmos caudatus (21.3 microg/mL) and Piper betle (23.0 microg/mL) that are not significantly different than that of -tocopherol or BHA. L. inermis extract was found to consist of the highest concentration of phenolics, catechin, epicatechin, and naringenin. High content of quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol were identified in Vitex negundo, Centella asiatica, and Sesbania grandiflora extracts, respectively. Luteolin and apigenin, on the other hand, were found in Premna cordifolia and Kaempferia galanga extracts. Strong correlation (R = 0.8613) between total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids (R = 0.8430) and that of antioxidant activity of the extracts were observed. The study revealed that phenolic, in particular flavonoids, may be the main contributors to the antioxidant activity exhibited by the plants.
Fulltext Degenerated uterine fibroid mimicking hydrometra: fallacy in CT

Tok Ch, Bux S, Mohamed S, Lim B

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Oct;2(4):e42.
PMID: 21614328 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.4.e42

Fibroids are the commonest uterine neoplasms, occurring in 20% - 30% of women of reproductive age. In women who have pelvic masses of unknown cause, unusual manifestations of fibroids such as necrosis or degeneration may simulate a carcinoma or hydrometra resulting in problems with image interpretation. We report a case of an unsuspected large degenerated uterine fibroid in a lady mistakenly diagnosed as hydrometra on computed tomography scanning.

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