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Fulltext Missed perforation presenting as sympathetic ophthalmia in an adolescent Malay girl

Bastion ML, Mohamad MH

BMJ Case Rep, 2012;2012.
PMID: 22914237 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006525

To describe the rare presentation of sympathetic ophthalmia in a teenage girl with no previous known ocular injury.
Study of the factors associated with the presence of white dots in the corneas of regular soft contact lens users from an Asian country

Bastion ML, Mohamad MH

Eye Contact Lens, 2006 Sep;32(5):223-7.
PMID: 16974154

PURPOSE: To investigate factors associated with the presence of microdot deposits or white dots (WDs) on confocal microscopy in regular soft contact lens (SCL) users.
METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study investigated changes in the cornea in regular SCL users by using an in vivo slit-scanning microscope (ConfoScan 3). Images were analyzed by noting the presence of highly reflective WDs. Factors associated with WDs were analyzed by using an unpaired t test with Welch correction.
RESULTS: There were 56 SCL wearers. Of these, a group of 10 had WDs (GWD) in various parts of the cornea. They had worn SCLs for 7 to 20 years and had a mean total duration of SCL wear of 13.6 +/- 4.4 years. Their mean age was 35.8 +/- 10.4 years. They were compared with a group of SCL wearers with no evidence of WDs (GNWD). The mean age of GNWD was 29.1 +/- 7.2 years, with a mean duration of SCL use of 8.17 +/- 5.1 years. The two groups were compared in terms of age, total duration of SCL wear (years), duration in hours per week, SCL water content (%), mean cell density in the endothelium and stroma, endothelial cell coefficient of cell size variation, and percentage of hexagonal cells. Only the duration of SCL wear was significantly associated with the presence of WDs (p=0.0042). WDs were most commonly found in the posterior stroma (n = 9). Two patients had WDs in the epithelium, with one of these having WDs in the endothelium. All patients except one with a hazy left eye scan had WDs bilaterally and symmetrically.
CONCLUSIONS: Confocal microscopy allows visualization of WDs in the corneas of Asian regular SCL users. Patients with WDs have a longer history of SCL wear. WDs may represent an early stage of corneal disease or degeneration associated with alterations in cell behavior.
Fulltext Clustering Transmission Opportunity Length (CTOL) Model over Cognitive Radio Network

Mohamad MH, Sali A, Hashim F, Nordin R, Takyu O

Sensors (Basel), 2018 Dec 10;18(12).
PMID: 30544655 DOI: 10.3390/s18124351

This paper investigated the throughput performance of a secondary user (SU) for a random primary user (PU) activity in a realistic experimental model. This paper proposed a sensing and frame duration of the SU to maximize the SU throughput under the collision probability constraint. The throughput of the SU and the probability of collisions depend on the pattern of PU activities. The pattern of PU activity was obtained and modelled from the experimental data that measure the wireless local area network (WLAN) environment. The WLAN signal has detected the transmission opportunity length (TOL) which was analyzed and clustered into large and small durations in the CTOL model. The performance of the SU is then analyzed and compared with static and dynamic PU models. The results showed that the SU throughput in the CTOL model was higher than the static and dynamic models by almost 45% and 12.2% respectively. Furthermore, the probability of collisions in the network and the SU throughput were influenced by the value of the minimum contention window and the maximum back-off stage. The simulation results revealed that the higher contention window had worsened the SU throughput even though the channel has a higher number of TOLs.
Fulltext Measurement of nicotine withdrawal symptoms: linguistic validation of the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) in Malay

Awaisu A, Samsudin S, Amir NA, Omar CG, Hashim MI, Mohamad MH, et al.

BMC Med Res Methodol, 2010;10:46.
PMID: 20492717 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-10-46

The purpose of the linguistic validation of the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) was to produce a translated version in Malay language which was "conceptually equivalent" to the original U.S. English version for use in clinical practice and research.
Synthesis, α-glucosidase inhibitory, cytotoxicity and docking studies of 2-aryl-7-methylbenzimidazoles

Taha M, Ismail NH, Imran S, Mohamad MH, Wadood A, Rahim F, et al.

Bioorg Chem, 2016 Apr;65:100-9.
PMID: 26894559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.02.004

Benzimidazole analogs 1-27 were synthesized, characterized by EI-MS and (1)HNMR and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were found out experimentally. Compound 25, 19, 10 and 20 have best inhibitory activities with IC50 values 5.30±0.10, 16.10±0.10, 25.36±0.14 and 29.75±0.19 respectively against α-glucosidase. Compound 6 and 12 has no inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase enzyme among the series. Further studies showed that the compounds are not showing any cytotoxicity effect. The docking studies of the compounds as well as the experimental activities of the compounds correlated well. From the molecular docking studies, it was observed that the top ranked conformation of all the compounds fit well in the active site of the homology model of α-glucosidase.
Stages of smoking cessation among Malaysian adults--findings from national health morbidity survey 2006

Lim KH, Ibrahim N, Ghazali SM, Kee CC, Lim KK, Chan YY, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(2):805-10.
PMID: 23621242

Increasing the rate of smoking cessation will reduce the burden of diseases related to smoking, including cancer. Understanding the process of smoking cessation is a pre-requisite to planning and developing effective programs to enhance the rate of smoking cessation.The aims of the study were to determine the demographic distribution of smokers across the initial stages of smoking cessation (the pre-contemplation and contemplation stages) and to identify the predictors of smoking cessation among Malaysian adult smokers. Data were extracted from a population-based, cross-sectional survey carried out from April 2006 to July 2006. The distribution of 2,716,743 current smokers across the pre-contemplation stage (no intention to quit smoking in the next six months) or contemplation stage (intended to quit smoking in the next six months) was described. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables and the stages of smoking cessation. Of the 2,716,743 current smokers, approximately 30% and 70% were in the pre-contemplative and contemplative stages of smoking cessation respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that male gender, low education level, older age group, married and those from higher income group and number of cigarettes smoked were associated with higher likelihood of pre-contemplation to cease smoking in the next six months. The majority of current smokers in Malaysia were in the contemplative stage of smoking cessation. Specific interventions should be implemented to ensure the pre-contemplative smokers proceed to the contemplative stage and eventually to the preparation stage.
Fulltext Epidemiology of smoking among Malaysian adult males: prevalence and associated factors

Lim HK, Ghazali SM, Kee CC, Lim KK, Chan YY, Teh HC, et al.

BMC Public Health, 2013 Jan 07;13:8.
PMID: 23294728 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-8

BACKGROUND: Three National Health and Morbidity Surveys (NHMSs) had been conducted in Malaysia in 10-year intervals from 1986-2006. Based on the latest NHMS survey in 2006, we describe the prevalence of smoking and identify the social and demographic factors associated with smoking among adult males in Malaysia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study among 15,639 Malaysian adult males aged 18 years and above was conducted using proportional to size stratified sampling method. The socio-demographic variables examined were level of education, occupation, marital status, residential area, age group and monthly household income.
RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking among adult males in Malaysia was 46.5% (95% CI: 45.5-47.4%), which was 3% lower than a decade ago. Mean age of smoking initiation was 18.3 years, and mean number of cigarettes smoked daily was 11.3. Prevalence of smoking was highest among the Malays (55.9%) and those aged 21-30 years (59.3%). Smoking was significantly associated with level of education (no education OR 2.09 95% CI (1.67-2.60), primary school OR 1.95, 95% CI (1.65-2.30), secondary school OR 1.88, 95% CI (1.63-2.11), with tertiary education as the reference group). Marital status (divorce OR 1.67, 95% CI (1.22-2.28), with married as the reference group), ethnicity (Malay, OR 2.29, 95% CI ( 1.98-2.66; Chinese OR 1.23 95% CI (1.05-1.91), Other Bumis OR 1.75, 95% CI (1.46-2.10, others OR 1.48 95% CI (1.15-1.91), with Indian as the reference group), age group (18-20 years OR 2.36, 95% CI (1.90-2.94); 20-29 years OR 3.31 , 95% CI 2.82-3.89; 31-40 years OR 2.85 , 95% CI ( 2.47-3.28); 41-50 years OR 1.93, 95% CI (1.69-2.20) ; 51-60 years OR 1.32, 95% CI (1.15-1.51), with 60 year-old and above as the reference group) and residential area (rural OR 1.12 , 95% CI ( 1.03-1.22)) urban as reference.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of smoking among Malaysian males remained high in spite of several population interventions over the past decade. Tobacco will likely remain a primary cause of premature mortality and morbidity in Malaysia. Continuous and more comprehensive anti-smoking policy measures are needed in order to further prevent the increasing prevalence of smoking among Malaysian men, particularly those who are younger, of Malay ethnicity, less educated, reside in rural residential area and with lower socio-economic status.