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Fulltext Coronavirus (covid-19) is here to stay!

Low, Wah Yun, Maznah Dahlui, Nur Asyikin Yakub, Fatin Diyana Abdul Aziz, Tri Martiana

JUMMEC, 2020;23(101):1-2.
MyJurnal

The beginning of this year, 2020, has been a very challenging one as all over the world, we were caught right in the midst of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This pandemic is a serious global health threat, and its devastating effects are felt in all aspects of life. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that as of 17th May 2020, we have 4,534,731 confirmed cases of COVID-19, and 307,537 deaths in total, throughout the world. In the WHO Western Pacific region, there were 167,546 confirmed cases, and 6,730 deaths while in the WHO Southeast Region, the COVID-19 accounted for a total of 136,314 confirmed cases, and 4,425 deaths (1). In Malaysia, the figure stood, thus far, at 6,872 confirmed cases, and 114 deaths while in Indonesia, there were 17,514 confirmed cases, and 1,148 deaths (2). Different countries are at different phases of this pandemic. While the curve may have flattened in some countries, there might still be spikes here and there. The COVID-19 pandemic has not disappeared; it is here to stay!
Fulltext Cost effectiveness analysis between small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification

Wulandari, Anggun, Maznah Dahlui, Ernawaty, Wulandari, Ratna Dwi, Rochmah, Thinni Nurul

JUMMEC, 2020;23(101):231-237.
MyJurnal

Background: Cataract is the second priority eye disease in the world and this case in Indonesia occupies the third-highest position in Southeast Asia. There are two methods for cataract treatment that can be expensive, small incision method (SICS) and Phacoemulsification method, and it is important to know the cost-effective comparison of those two methods.

Objective: This study aims to conduct Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) between cataract surgery; Small Incision Cataract Surgery (SICS) and Phacoemulsification, at Undaan Eye Hospital Surabaya.

Materials and Method: A prospective study following up patients from before surgery up to 21 days’ post surgery. A total of 155 cataract patients had undergone surgery; 25 patients and 130 patients had SICS and Phacoemulsification, respectively. Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) was used as the outcome measure. The assessment of utility using ‘Visual Function 25’ (VF-25) was the quality of life regarding visual function before surgery, 7 days, and 21 days post-surgery.

Result: The average cost of Phacoemulsification technique was Rp 10,821,038 and the average cost of SICS technique was Rp 10,443,544. QALYs at day7 post-surgery of Phacoemulsification and SICS was 9.49 and 8.95, respectively. While QALYs at day21 post- surgery of Phacoemulsification and SICS was 10.37 and 10.15, respectively. ICER values for Phacoemulsification versus SICS at day7 post-surgery was Rp 696,360 (USD 49,74) while at day 21 was Rp 1,723,559 (USD 123,11).

Conclusion: Phacoemulsification and SICS are effective ways to improve the quality of life related to visual function. The incremental cost per QALYs obtained via Phacoemulsification from SICS at D7 and day21 post- surgery were less than Indonesia’s GDP per capita income of USD 3,347, means that Phacoemulsification is more cost effective than SICS technique for cataract surgery.
Fulltext Prediction of disease burden and healthcare resource utilization through simple predictive analytics using mathematical approaches, an experience from University of Malaya medical centre

Amirah binti Azzeri, Nur Farhan Abdul Hakim, Mohd Hafiz Jaafar, Maznah Dahlui, Sajaratulnisah Othman, Tunku Kamarul Zaman Tunku Zainol Abidin

JUMMEC, 2020;23(102):10-15.
MyJurnal

The sudden surge in the number of healthcare utilizations compels the hospital to plan for its future needs. Several time-series projections of Covid-19 were conducted to forecast the disease burden and resources utilization through simple predictive analytics. The projections revealed a rapid increase in the number of cases and patient in care at the hospital. It was estimated that the number of patients in care to range from 62 to 81 and 89 to 121 patients daily in the second and third phase of movement control order respectively. It was estimated that more than 100,000 plastic aprons, 80,000 sterile and non-sterile isolation gowns, 40,000 masks N95 and face shields, 30,000 gloves and nearly 17,000 bottles of hand sanitizers are needed until late May. Hence, a simple mathematical algorithm is a helpful tool to manage hospital resources during the pandemic.
Fulltext Breast cancer awareness of rural women in Malaysia: is it the same as in the cities?

Norlaili AA, Fatihah MA, Daliana NF, Maznah D

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(12):7161-4.
PMID: 24460269

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally. This study was conducted to compare the awareness of breast cancer and the practice of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography screening among rural females in Pahang and Perak. A cross-sectional study was carried out in five selected rural districts of Pahang and Perak. Two hundred and fifty households were randomly selected and interviewed face to face using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority of residents from both states were Malay, aged between 50 and 60 years and had a secondary level of education. Malay women aged 40-49 years and women with a higher level of education were significantly more aware of breast cancer (p<0.05). About half of these women practiced BSE (60.7%) and CBE (56.1%), and 7% had underwent mammography screening. The results of this study suggest that women in Pahang and Perak have good awareness of breast cancer and that more than half practice BSE and CBE. The women's level of education appears to contribute to their level of knowledge and health behaviour. However, more effort is needed to encourage all women in rural areas to acquire further knowledge on breast cancer.
Adolescent tobacco use and health in Southeast Asia

Al-Sadat N, Misau AY, Zarihah Z, Maznah D, Tin Tin Su

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2010 Jul;22(3 Suppl):175S-180S.
PMID: 20566551 DOI: 10.1177/1010539510372835

The use of tobacco by adolescents is a major public health concern worldwide. There are 1.2 billion smokers globally, of which more than 50% are young people. The Southeast Asian countries have about 600 million tobacco smokers within the global burden of tobacco users. Most smokers begin at early stage of life and persist through adulthood. Malaysia alone has about 5 million smokers, 20% of whom are younger than 18 years old. Many factors are implicated in the continuous rising trend of tobacco use among adolescents in Southeast Asia. A triad of family, environmental, and individual factors synergistically acts to motivate adolescents toward smoking. This article discusses the current trends of tobacco use and implications of increasing rise in adolescent smoking in the Southeast Asia region.
Hepatitis C virus core antigen as alternative diagnostic algorithm for active hepatitis C virus infection among haemodialysis population: Cost implications

Wong XZ, Amirah A, Gan CC, Fatiha S, Maznah D, Yahya R, et al.

Nephrology (Carlton), 2021 May;26(5):463-470.
PMID: 33580732 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13862

AIMS: In Malaysia, majority anti-HCV positive haemodialysis patients do not undergo hepatitis C confirmation due to the high cost of HCV RNA. HCV Core Antigen might be a cost-effective diagnostic test to identify HD patients who have active HCV infection eligible for Direct Acting Anti-viral therapy.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the correlation between HCV Ag and HCV RNA and the cost implications of different diagnostic algorithms to diagnose active HCV infection using Anti-HCV, HCV Ag, and HCV RNA. Pre-dialysis blood was tested for both HCV Ag and HCV RNA. HCV Ag was tested with Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag test.
RESULTS: Two-hundred twenty-seven haemodialysis patients were recruited from 20 centres with mean age of 57.68 ± 12.48 years, and male constitutes 56.8% (129) of the study population. HCV Ag correlated well with HCV RNA (Spearman test coefficient 0.943, p