Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kandungan nutrien dan antinutrien dalam kernel biji Mangifera pajang Kostermans (bambangan). Analisis proksimat untuk kernel biji bambangan menunjukkan komposisi nutriennya terdiri daripada 38.68% karbohidrat total, 3.08% protein, 4.79% gentian kasar, 9.85% lemak total, 2.23% abu total dan 41.38% air. Kernel ini juga mengandungi 2.04 mg sianogen glikosida/100 g sampel dan 0.64% tanin. Minyak yang diekstrak dari kernel biji bambangan telah menunjukkan ciri fizikokimia yang hampir sama seperti lemak koko. Takat lebur minyak ini adalah pada 34.87°C, indeks refraktif pada 1.458 dan nilai iodinnya adalah 32.97 mg iodin/100 g sampel lemak.
Urea complexation is a method favoured by researchers to separate fatty acids based on molecular structure. In this study, effects of urea amount, crystallisation temperature and crystallisation time on the final products of urea complexation were examined. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to study the significance of these factors and the optimum conditions for the technique were predicted and verified. Results showed that urea-to-polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) mole ratio and crystallisation temperature were two significant variables for enrichment of PUFA in non-urea complexing fraction (NUCF). In a 17-point experimental design, percentage of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was reduced almost entirely from initial 4.49%, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) reduced from 57.02% to 41.32%, while PUFA increased from 33.49% to 53.87% in NUCF. Optimum condition for maximum PUFA and minimum SFA and MUFA contents was predicted at urea-to-PUFA mole ratio of 20, crystallisation temperature of –20°C and crystallisation time of 29.67 h.
This study comprised of physicochemical characterizations of starch extracted from Msp94 sweet potato tuber and production of high fructose glucose syrup from the starch. Msp94 sweet potato starch consisted of 7.3% water, 0.2% protein, 0.4% fat, 1.3% total ash, 94.8% total carbohydrates, 83.0% starch and 20.6% apparent amylose. The starch granules were spherical, polygonal and irregular in shapes with the size of 13-14 mm. Enzymatic hydrolysis of Msp94 sweet potato starch for 24,48, 72 hours, using a mixture of amyglucosidase-pullulanase enzymes during saccharification process, produced starch hydrolysates with dextrose equivalent (DE) of 94.8, 99.1, 99.3 respectively. This is followed by reduction in viscosity of the starch hydrolysates. Conversion of the Msp94 starch to percent of glucose after hydrolysing for 24,48 and 72 hours were 97.1%, 109.5% and 103.2%, respectively. Msp94 starch hydrolysates was then purified using three types of ion exchange resins and isomerized to highfructose syrup using glucose isomerase enzyme (Sweetzyme T). Thefructose content in isomerized Msp94 syrup was (43.8-46.5%) was comparable to the fructose content (44%) in commercial High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) 42.
[Kajian ini merangkumi pencirian fizikokimia kanji yang diekstrak daripada ubi keledek Msp94 dan penghasilan sirap glukosa berfruktosa tinggi daripada kanji ini. Kanji ubi keledek Msp94 mengandungi 7.3% air, 0.2% protein, 0.4% lemak, 1.3% abu total, 94.8% karbohidrat total, 83.0% kanji dan 20.6% amilosa ketara. Purata saiz granul kanji adalah 13-14 mm, berbentuk bulat, poligon dan bentuk yang tidak tetap. Hidrolisis berenzim menggunakan gabungan enzim glukoamilase-pululanase dalam proses sakarifikasi, yang dijalankan ke atas kanji ubi keledek Msp94 selama 24, 48, 72 jam menghasilkan hidrolisat kanji dengan setaraan dekstrosa (DE) masing-masing pada 94.8, 99.1, 99.3. 1ni diikuti dengan kelikatan hidrolisat kanji yang semakin menurun. Penukaran kanji Msp94 kepada peratus glukosa adalah sebanyak 97.1 %, 109.5% dan 103.2% setelah dihidrolisis selama 24,48 dan 72 jam. Hidrolisat kanji Msp94 ditulenkan menggunakan tiga jenis resin penukar ion dan diisomer kepada sirap berfruktosa tinggi menggunakan enzim glukosa isomerase (Sweetzyme T). Kandungan fruktosa (43.8-46.5%) dalam sirap Msp94 yang telah diisomer adalah setara dengan kandunganfruktosa (44%) dalam sirap komersial, High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) 42].
Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan pemberian suplemen puri jambu batu merah (Psidium guajava) ke atas profil darah dan urin tikus teraruh hipertensi. Sebanyak 24 ekor tikus dibahagi 4 kumpulan (kawalan, CG (air suling); dos rendah, LDG (0.5 g/kg berat badan); dos sederhana, MDG (1.0 g/kg berat badan); dos tinggi, HDG (2.0 g/ kg berat badan). Tikus diberi puri jambu batu merah secara suap-paksa selama 28 hari dan diletakkan dalam sangkar individu. Berat organ dan profil lipid serum tidak berbeza secara signifikan antara kumpulan rawatan. Nilai glukosa darah (mmol/l) MDG (5.53±0.69) lebih tinggi secara signifikan berbanding CG (4.53±0.39) dan LDG (4.80±0.54). Tiada
perbezaan signifikan pada status antioksida total, urea, fosfat alkali dan globulin antara kumpulan rawatan. Terdapat perbezaan signifikan pada hematologi darah, bilirubin total, gama-glutamil transpeptidase (GGT), protein total, albumin dan nisbah albumin:globulin antara CG dan kumpulan rawatan. Sel darah merah dan platlet bagi LDG (10.95±0.57×1012/l; 941.17±139.0 ×109/l) lebih tinggi berbanding CG (10.05±0.63 ×1012/l; 858.83±163.4 ×109/l) masing-masing. LDG (3.51 umol/l) mempunyai kepekatan bilirubin total lebih rendah berbanding CG (4.25 umol/l). Tahap GGT pula lebih
tinggi pada HDG (8.67 U/l) berbanding CG dan MDG (7.00 U/l). Nisbah albumin:globulin lebih rendah pada CG (1.50) berbanding MDG (1.36) dan HDG (1.37). Julat pH urin dan kandungan urobilinogen dalam darah antara 7.3-8.0 dan 2.8-3.2 μmol/l masing-masing. Tiada kehadiran glukosa dan bilirubin pada semua urin kumpulan rawatan. Suplemen puri jambu batu merah (Psidium guajava) ke atas tikus SHR menunjukkan tiada kesan signifikan terhadap profil lipid serum, urin, berat organ dan tahap glukosa darah.
This study was carried out to identify the pigment extracted from Malaysian brown seaweed, Sargassum binderi and its stability in various conditions. Pigments were extracted using methanol:chloroform:water (4:2:1, v/v/v), which is part of fucoidan extraction process, where the pigments were waste. Carotenoid and chlorophyll were found in the extract using UV-vis spectrophotometer (420 and 672 nm, respectively). Fucoxanthin was identified as the carotenoid present using HPLC, while its functional groups and structure were determined using FTIR and 1H NMR, respectively. The fucoxanthin-rich extract stability was tested on different pH (pH1-13), light exposure (dark and light) and storage temperature (4ºC, 25ºC and 50ºC). The stability tests showed that it was most stable at pH5-7, stored in dark condition and at the storage temperature of 4ºC and 25ºC. The fucoxanthin-rich extract from Sargassum binderi has potential to be applied as bioingredient and functional food as it is stable in normal storage conditions.