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Fulltext The influence of two solvent extraction ratios in GC-MS-based metabolomics of different Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit tissues

Mamat, S. F., Azizan, K. A., Baharum, S. N., Mohd Noor, N., Aizat, W. M.

International Food Research Journal, 2019;26(5):1447-1457.
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Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) is a highly beneficial fruit, containing potent bioactive compounds such as xanthones. However, the metabolite comparisons of mangosteen pericarp, aril and seed have not been described in detail previously. A comparative approach was undertaken in the present work to evaluate the effects of different ratios of solvent combination in the metabolite extraction of mangosteen. Gas chromatography-based metabolomics approach was performed to evaluate the efficiency of two metabolite extraction methods utilising different solvent extraction ratios (3/1/1 v/v or 2/1/2 v/v of methanol/chloroform/water) in determining the primary metabolite composition of mangosteen fruit tissues (pericarp, aril and seed). Cumulatively, 43 known metabolites were putatively identified from the mangosteen fruit tissues. Due to the higher ratio of polar solvent (methanol and water) used in method 2 as compared to method 1, the former method preferentially extracted a higher number of polar metabolites. Conversely, the higher ratio of methanol solvent in method 1 also contributed to the identification of more alcohol metabolites. Additionally, the multivariate analysis revealed that mangosteen pericarp was mainly localised by ribonic acid, arabinopyranose, β-hydroxypyruvic acid, L-(+)-tartaric acid and galacturonic acid. Meanwhile, thymol-α-D- glucopyranoside and D-ribofuranose contributed to the separation of mangosteen aril, whereas mangosteen seed contained high levels of β-D-galactofuranose, L-threonic acid, butanoic acid, glycoside, malic acid and myo-inositol. Results suggested that the differing solvent ratios can highly influence the types and levels of the extracted metabolites. This finding highlights the influence of metabolite solvent extraction methods towards the end results of the extraction as well as the localisation of primary metabolites in different mangosteen fruit tissues. Hence, the present work is vital in revealing important spatial information of various metabolites toward a better understanding of the mangosteen fruit ripening process.
Sport engagement model in Malaysia: Effect of cost and volunteerism

Zainal Abidin NE, Zulnaidi H, Mamat S, Mafarja N

Heliyon, 2023 Nov;9(11):e21198.
PMID: 37885734 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21198

Sport engagement plays a crucial role in promoting physical well-being, fostering social connections, and enhancing overall quality of life. However, various factors, including financial constraints and limited resources, can serve as barriers to sport participation. Additionally, volunteerism has been recognized as a significant contributor to the growth and development of sports in communities. This research study aims to explore the relationship between the cost of sport engagement and volunteerism among individuals in Malaysia. This study was conducted to test the effect of sponsorship, expenditure and volunteering on activeness. A causal correlation study was conducted comprising a total of 501 young people in Malaysia who were selected randomly. This study found that sponsorship, expenditure and volunteerism towards activeness amongst youth are at a moderate level. The findings also showed that sponsorship (β = 0.035, sig = 0.682, p > 0.05) and voluntary (β = 0.098, sig = 0.192, p > 0.05) have no significant contribution towards activeness, the sponsorship and volunteering are not factors which contribute to changes in activeness. However, there is a significant effect of expenditure as an intermediary in the relationship between sponsorship and activeness (β = 0.107, sig = 0.001, p 0.05). This study provides implications to Ministry of Youth and Sports that sponsorship, expenditure, and voluntary are not main factors which contribute to activeness.
Fulltext A Scoping Review on Medicinal Properties of Piper betle (Sirih) Based on Malay Medical Manuscripts and Scientific Literatures

Zamri NFI, Mohd Shafri MA, Zamli Z, Mamat S

Malays J Med Sci, 2023 Oct;30(5):23-39.
PMID: 37928797 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.5.3

BACKGROUND: Malay medical manuscripts have deciphered the medicinal value of Piper betle (sirih) enormously. In this review, an effort was made to explore the medicinal use of P. betle and correlate this information with the scientific evidence.
METHODS: The information regarding the use of P. betle was retrieved from the books consisting of a Malay medical manuscript with an identification number MSS 2219 from the National Library of Malaysia. PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases were used to collect information regarding the scientific evidence for the medicinal use of P. betle. This review was written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The keywords used for searching the articles included P. betle, antimicrobial, analgaesic, haepatic and gastric.
RESULTS: MSS 2219 showed that P. betle has varied medicinal uses and based on that, it can be grouped into six categories. P. betle application method was different in different conditions. In terms of the literature search, 226 articles were found, 75 articles were extracted for detailed analysis and only 23 met the inclusion criteria. The information was related to the chemical assays, in vivo and in vitro studies.
CONCLUSION: In summary, P. betle has the potential to treat medical conditions in various types of categories as recorded in the Malay medical manuscripts and also based on scientific publications. For clinical purposes, more information is required, such as the specific mechanism involved, the best extraction method and the best dosage for treatment.
Antiulcer activity of methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves in rats

Zabidi Z, Wan Zainulddin WN, Mamat SS, Shamsahal Din S, Kamisan FH, Yahya F, et al.

Med Princ Pract, 2012;21(5):501-3.
PMID: 22517296 DOI: 10.1159/000337406

To determine the potential antiulcer activity of methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves (MEMM) using various established rat models.
Fulltext Chemical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Dispersion Derived from Jatropha Oil

Saalah S, Abdullah LC, Aung MM, Salleh MZ, Awang Biak DR, Basri M, et al.

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Mar 05;13(5).
PMID: 33807622 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050795

Nowadays, there is a significant trend away from solvent-based polyurethane systems towards waterborne polyurethane dispersions due to government regulations requiring manufacturers to lower total volatile organic compounds, as well as consumer preference for more environmentally friendly products. In this work, a renewable vegetable oil-based polyol derived from jatropha oil was polymerized with isophorone diisocyanate and dimethylol propionic acid to produce anionic waterborne polyurethane dispersion. Free standing films with up to 62 wt.% bio-based content were successfully produced after evaporation of water from the jatropha oil-based waterborne polyurethane (JPU) dispersion, which indicated good film formation. The chemical and thermo-mechanical properties of the JPU films were characterized. By increasing the OH numbers of polyol from 161 mgKOH/g to 217 mgKOH/g, the crosslinking density of the JPU was significantly increased, which lead to a better storage modulus and improved hydrophobicity. Overall, JPU produced from polyol having OH number of 217 mgKOH/g appears to be a promising product for application as a binder for wood and decorative coatings.
Fulltext Amelioration of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat by the administration of methanol extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves

Mahmood ND, Mamat SS, Kamisan FH, Yahya F, Kamarolzaman MF, Nasir N, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:695678.
PMID: 24868543 DOI: 10.1155/2014/695678

Muntingia calabura L. is a tropical plant species that belongs to the Elaeocarpaceae family. The present study is aimed at determining the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of M. calabura leaves (MEMC) using two models of liver injury in rats. Rats were divided into five groups (n=6) and received 10% DMSO (negative control), 50 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine (NAC; positive control), or MEMC (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg) orally once daily for 7 days and on the 8th day were subjected to the hepatotoxic induction using paracetamol (PCM). The blood and liver tissues were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. The extract was also subjected to antioxidant study using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-(DPPH) and superoxide anion-radical scavenging assays. At the same time, oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and total phenolic content were also determined. From the histological observation, lymphocyte infiltration and marked necrosis were observed in PCM-treated groups (negative control), whereas maintenance of hepatic structure was observed in group pretreated with N-acetylcysteine and MEMC. Hepatotoxic rats pretreated with NAC or MEMC exhibited significant decrease (P<0.05) in ALT and AST enzymes level. Moreover, the extract also exhibited good antioxidant activity. In conclusion, MEMC exerts potential hepatoprotective activity that could be partly attributed to its antioxidant activity and, thus warrants further investigations.
Fulltext Hepatoprotective Activity of Methanolic Extract of Bauhinia purpurea Leaves against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats

Yahya F, Mamat SS, Kamarolzaman MF, Seyedan AA, Jakius KF, Mahmood ND, et al.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:636580.
PMID: 23853662 DOI: 10.1155/2013/636580

In an attempt to further establish the pharmacological properties of Bauhinia purpurea (Fabaceae), hepatoprotective potential of methanol extract of B. purpurea leaves (MEBP) was investigated using the paracetamol- (PCM-) induced liver toxicity in rats. Five groups of rats (n = 6) were used and administered orally once daily with 10% DMSO (negative control), 200 mg/kg silymarin (positive control), or MEBP (50, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 7 days, followed by the hepatotoxicity induction using paracetamol (PCM). The blood samples and livers were collected and subjected to biochemical and microscopical analysis. The extract was also subjected to antioxidant study using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay with the total phenolic content (TPC) also determined. From the histological observation, lymphocyte infiltration and marked necrosis were observed in PCM-treated groups (negative control), whereas maintenance of the normal hepatic structural was observed in group pretreated with silymarin and MEBP. Hepatotoxic rats pretreated with silymarin or MEBP exhibited significant decrease (P < 0.05) in ALT and AST enzyme level. Moreover, the extract also exhibited antioxidant activity and contained high TPC. In conclusion, MEBP exerts potential hepatoprotective activity that could be partly attributed to its antioxidant activity and high phenolic content and thus warrants further investigation.